Fall 2015 Gems & Gemology
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Understanding the Art of Quartz
AIA & IDCEC Continuing Education Program UNDERSTANDING THE ART OF QUARTZ PRESENTED BY: AND 1 Hanwha L&C | Surfaces is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES) and Interior Designers Continuing Education Council (IDCEC). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members or to IDCEC for IIDA, ASID or IDC members. Certificates of Completion for both members and non- members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES and IDCEC for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or the IDCEC of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. This presentation is protected by US and International copyrights laws. Reproduction, distribu- tion, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. Hanwha L&C | Surfaces 2016. 2 AIA & IDCEC Continuing Education Program ∆ Format: Presented f2f in real-time ∆ Course Credit: ◊ AIA: 1 Learning Unit (LU) ◊ Course #: 004QS ◊ IDCEC: .1 Health & Safety ◊ Course #: 40276 ◊ RAIC: 1 Self-Reporting Hour Δ Completion Certificate: ◊ A copy will be provided to you by email, fax, or mail upon request. 3 Learning Objectives ∆ Gain knowledge about natural quartz surfacing: ◊ Composition and Uses ◊ Product Characteristics ◊ Manufacturing and Fabrication ◊ Application and Design Options 4 INTRODUCTION TO QUARTZ Quartz Facts ∆ Quartz is the 4th hardest crystalline mineral on Earth, and it is found abundantly all over the world in a variety of forms. -
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China)
minerals Article Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China) Ying Jiang 1, Guanghai Shi 1,* , Liguo Xu 2 and Xinling Li 3 1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 Geological Museum of China, Beijing 100034, China; [email protected] 3 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xinjiang 830004, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-8232-1836 Received: 6 April 2020; Accepted: 6 May 2020; Published: 8 May 2020 Abstract: The historic Yinggelike nephrite jade deposit in the Altyn Tagh Mountains (Xinjiang, NW China) is renowned for its gem-quality nephrite with its characteristic light-yellow to greenish-yellow hue. Despite the extraordinary gemological quality and commercial significance of the Yinggelike nephrite, little work has been done on this nephrite deposit, due to its geographic remoteness and inaccessibility. This contribution presents the first systematic mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Yinggelike nephrite deposit. Electron probe microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to measure the mineralogy, bulk-rock chemistry and stable (O and H) isotopes characteristics of samples from Yinggelike. Field investigation shows that the Yinggelike nephrite orebody occurs in the dolomitic marble near the intruding granitoids. Petrographic studies and EMPA data indicate that the nephrite is mainly composed of fine-grained tremolite, with accessory pargasite, diopside, epidote, allanite, prehnite, andesine, titanite, zircon, and calcite. Geochemical studies show that all nephrite samples have low bulk-rock Fe/(Fe + Mg) values (0.02–0.05), as well as low Cr (0.81–34.68 ppm), Co (1.10–2.91 ppm), and Ni (0.52–20.15 ppm) contents. -
Symposium on Agate and Cryptocrystalline Quartz
Symposium on Agate and Cryptocrystalline Quartz September 10 – 13, 2005 Golden, Colorado Sponsored by Friends of Mineralogy, Colorado Chapter; Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum; and U.S. Geological Survey 2 Cover Photos {top left} Fortification agate, Hinsdale County, Colorado, collection of the Geology Museum, Colorado School of Mines. Coloration of alternating concentric bands is due to infiltration of Fe with groundwater into the porous chalcedony layers, leaving the impermeable chalcedony bands uncolored (white): ground water was introduced via the symmetric fractures, evidenced by darker brown hues along the orthogonal lines. Specimen about 4 inches across; photo Dan Kile. {lower left} Photomicrograph showing, in crossed-polarized light, a rhyolite thunder egg shell (lower left) a fibrous phase of silica, opal-CTLS (appearing as a layer of tan fibers bordering the rhyolite cavity wall), and spherulitic and radiating fibrous forms of chalcedony. Field of view approximately 4.8 mm high; photo Dan Kile. {center right} Photomicrograph of the same field of view, but with a 1 λ (first-order red) waveplate inserted to illustrate the length-fast nature of the chalcedony (yellow-orange) and the length-slow character of the opal CTLS (blue). Field of view about 4.8 mm high; photo Dan Kile. Copyright of articles and photographs is retained by authors and Friends of Mineralogy, Colorado Chapter; reproduction by electronic or other means without permission is prohibited 3 Symposium on Agate and Cryptocrystalline Quartz Program and Abstracts September 10 – 13, 2005 Editors Daniel Kile Thomas Michalski Peter Modreski Held at Green Center, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado Sponsored by Friends of Mineralogy, Colorado Chapter Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum U.S. -
Long Suspected Theory About the Moon Holds Water 14 June 2018
Long suspected theory about the moon holds water 14 June 2018 Moganite was found in only one of those 13 samples, confirming the team's theory that it could not have formed in the African desert. "If terrestrial weathering had produced moganite in the lunar meteorite, there should be moganite present in all the samples that fell to Earth around the same time. But this was not the case," says Kayama. Photograph of lunar meteorite NWA 2727. Credit: Masahiro Kayama, Tohoku University A team of Japanese scientists led by Masahiro Kayama of Tohoku University's Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, has discovered a mineral known as moganite in a lunar Sectional photograph of lunar meteorite NWA 2727. meteorite found in a hot desert in northwest Africa. Credit: Masahiro Kayama, Tohoku University This is significant because moganite is a mineral that requires water to form, reinforcing the belief that water exists on the Moon. He adds that part of the moganite had changed into the high-pressure SiO2 minerals stishovite and "Moganite is a crystal of silicon dioxide and is coesite, which he believes was most likely formed similar to quartz. It forms on Earth as a precipitate through heavy impact collisions on the Moon when alkaline water including SiO2 is evaporated under high pressure conditions," says Kayama. This is the first time that moganite has been "The existence of moganite strongly implies that detected in lunar rocks. The researchers say the there is water activity on the Moon." meteorites probably came from an area of the Moon called Procellarum Terrane, and that the Kayama and his team analyzed 13 of the lunar moganite was formed through the process of water meteorites using sophisticated methods to evaporation in strong sunlight. -
Origin of Fibrosity and Banding in Agates from Flood Basalts: American Journal of Science, V
Agates: a literature review and Electron Backscatter Diffraction study of Lake Superior agates Timothy J. Beaster Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2005 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree from Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. 2 Table of Contents AGATES: A LITERATURE REVEW………………………………………...……..3 Introduction………………....………………………………………………….4 Structural and compositional description of agates………………..………..6 Some problems concerning agate genesis………………………..…………..11 Silica Sources…………………………………………..………………11 Method of Deposition………………………………………………….13 Temperature of Formation…………………………………………….16 Age of Agates…………………………………………………………..17 LAKE SUPERIOR AGATES: AN ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION (EBSD) ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………..19 Abstract………………………………………………………………………...19 Introduction……………………………………………………………………19 Geologic setting………………………………………………………………...20 Methods……………………………………………………...…………………20 Results………………………………………………………….………………22 Discussion………………………………………………………………………26 Conclusions………………………………………………….…………………26 Acknowledgments……………………………………………………..………………28 References………………………………………………………………..……………28 3 Agates: a literature review and Electron Backscatter Diffraction study of Lake Superior agates Timothy J. Beaster Carleton College Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2005 Advisor: Cam Davidson 4 AGATES: A LITERATURE REVEW Introduction Agates, valued as semiprecious gemstones for their colorful, intricate banding, (Fig.1) are microcrystalline quartz nodules found in veins and cavities -
September 2018 Bulletin of the New York Mineralogical Club, Inc
The BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK MINERALOGICAL CLUB, INC Volume 132 No. 9 September 2018 PETER KELEMEN HAWAIIAN GEMSTONE RAIN Art of Orra White Hitchcock MOON MOGANITE See page 11! BLUE DIAMOND SOURCES SPHALERITE BANQUET RESERVATION FORM America’s Oldest Gem & Mineral Club Founded 1886 Incorporated 1937 Bulletin of the New York Mineralogical Club Founded 1886 Ë New York City, New York Ë Incorporated 1937 Volume 132, No. 9 America’s Oldest Mineral & Gem Club September 2018 September 5th Meeting: Dr. Peter B. Kelemen: “Carbon Carnelian (& Halloween) Theme Mineralization in Peridotite” Featured at 2018 Annual Banquet The rocks in Oman are special, says Dr. Peter B. Kelemen. They remove planet- By Mitch Portnoy Banquet Gifts warming carbon dioxide from the air and This year’s banquet, which is taking Banquet Games & Prizes turn it to stone. In theory, these rocks could place on Wednesday, October 17, 2018 at Video Entertainments store hundreds of years of human emissions the Watson Hotel, will center on the theme Banquet Song Special Note Card Sets of CO2. of “Carnelian” (but also have a hint of Halloween). Silent Auction Offerings Other Surprises! The registration form for this year’s banquet can be found on page 12 in this Peter and other scientists say that if this issue. Get it to me as soon as possible – it natural process, called carbon helps enormously in the event planning. mineralization, could be harnessed, See you at the banquet! accelerated and applied inexpensively on a huge scale — admittedly some very big “ifs” — it could help fight climate change. Rocks could remove some of the In the past, the banquet’s gemstone billions of tons of heat-trapping carbon themes have included colored diamonds dioxide that humans have pumped into the (2011), tanzanite (2012), jade (2013), ruby air since the beginning of the Industrial (2014), garnet (2015), opal (2016) and most Age. -
Nomenclature of the Garnet Supergroup
American Mineralogist, Volume 98, pages 785–811, 2013 IMA REPORT Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup EDWARD S. GREW,1,* ANDREW J. LOCOCK,2 STUART J. MILLS,3,† IRINA O. GALUSKINA,4 EVGENY V. GALUSKIN,4 AND ULF HÅLENIUS5 1School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, U.S.A. 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada 3Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia 4Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland 5Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Mineralogy, P.O. Box 50 007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT The garnet supergroup includes all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites, i.e., the supergroup includes several chemical classes. There are pres- ently 32 approved species, with an additional 5 possible species needing further study to be approved. The general formula for the garnet supergroup minerals is {X3}[Y2](Z3)ϕ12, where X, Y, and Z refer to dodecahedral, octahedral, and tetrahedral sites, respectively, and ϕ is O, OH, or F. Most garnets are cubic, space group Ia3d (no. 230), but two OH-bearing species (henritermierite and holtstamite) have tetragonal symmetry, space group, I41/acd (no. 142), and their X, Z, and ϕ sites are split into more symmetrically unique atomic positions. Total charge at the Z site and symmetry are criteria for distinguishing groups, whereas the dominant-constituent and dominant-valency rules are critical in identifying species. Twenty-nine species belong to one of five groups: the tetragonal henritermierite group and the isometric bitikleite, schorlomite, garnet, and berzeliite groups with a total charge at Z of 8 (silicate), 9 (oxide), 10 (silicate), 12 (silicate), and 15 (vanadate, arsenate), respectively. -
Manganoan Ilmenite from the Säviä Ore Deposit, Pielavesi, Central Finland
MANGANOAN ILMENITE FROM THE SÄVIÄ ORE DEPOSIT, PIELAVESI, CENTRAL FINLAND LEA AHO AHO, LEA 1977: Manganoan ilmenite from the Säviä ore deposit, Pielavesi, Central Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 49: 25—31. Electron microprobe analyses of nine ilmenites from a sulphide ore deposit at Säviä, Pielavesi are given. For comparison, two ilmenite analyses, one from an ore erratic and one from Säviä schists, are included. The MnO content of the ilmenites from the sulphide ore is as much as 16.6 wt. per cent. The manganoan ilmenite forms a myrmekitic intergrowth with sulphide minerals. Associated mine- rals are magnetite (0.3 wt. per cent TiO»), cassiterite, ferroan gahnite (54.3 mole per cent ZnAlgOi) and garnet (30.6 mole per cent spessar- tine). The enrichment of Mn in ilmenite is assumed to be caused by hydrothermal activity during the formation of the Säviä ore. Lea Aho, Geological Survey of Finland, SF-02150 Espoo 15, Finland Introduction tent and the peculiar, myrmekitic texture of the ilmenite intrigued the author into making The discovery of two chalcopyrite-bearing a more detailed study of this mineral. ore erratics in the Pielavesi area led the Ex- Previous investigations of manganese oc- ploration Department of the Geological Sur- currences in Finland have not shown manga- vey of Finland to investigate the area in 1960 nese-rich ilmenite or pyrophanite. Laitakari —1964. Minor ilmenite and garnet rich in (1967) has mentioned one pyrophanite occur- manganese were observed besides the main rence from Joensuu. Re-investigation of the ore minerals chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite original material using an electron microana- and sphalerite. -
Wulffite K3nacu4o2(SO4)4
Wulffite K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: mm2. As tabular prismatic crystals to 2 mm, elongated along [010] and with pitted faces; in aggregates to 1 cm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect, 2 directions parallel to elongation and a third || (010). Fracture: Stepped. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5 D(meas.) = 3.23(2) D(calc.) = 3.19 Soluble in H2O. Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Dark green, deep emerald green, deep bluish green. Streak: Light green. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). α = 1.582(3) β = 1.610(3) γ = 1.715(3) 2V(calc.) = 58° Orientation: Z = b. Pleochroism: Strong; X = pale green, Y = green, Z = emerald green. Absorption: X < Y < Z. Cell Data: Space Group: Pn21a. a = 14.2810(6) b = 4.9478(2) c = 24.1127(11) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. 9.27 (100), 2.780 (33), 7.16 (22), 2.725 (20), 3.125 (16), 2.882 (16), 2.725 (14) Chemistry: (1) (2) Na2O 4.11 3.82 K2O 16.46 17.43 Rb2O 0.95 Cs2O 0.65 CuO 38.88 39.25 ZnO 0.15 SO3 39.11 39.50 Total 100.31 100.00 (1) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia; average of 6 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by IR spectroscopy; corresponding to Na2.95(K4.75Rb0.25Cs0.14)Σ=5.14(Cu7.95Zn0.04)Σ=7.99S7.99O36. (2) K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4. Occurrence: As sublimates at a fumarole as incrustations on the surface of basalt scoria or on tenorite or aphthitalite crusts. Association: Euchlorine, fedotovite, hematite, johillerite, fluoborite, langbeinite, calciolangbeinite, arcanite, krasheninnikovite, lammerite, lammerite-β, bradaczekite, urusovite, gahnite (Cu-bearing variety), orthoclase (As-bearing variety), fluorophlogopite. -
Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California
Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California Volume 91 Number 11 - November, 2018 The 962nd meeting of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California With Knowledge Comes Appreciation November, 9th, 2018 at 7:30 P.M. Pasadena City College Geology Department, E-Building, Room 220 1570 E Colorado Blvd., Pasadena Program : 21st Century Jade: Why it’s Prized and How It’s Tested and Valued: Presented by Renée Newman In this Issue: TITLE Page st Program: 21 Century Jade: Why it’s Prized and How It’s Tested and Valued: 2 Presented by Renée Newman From the Editor: Linda Elsnau 2 From the President: Interesting Minerals, A to Z. Installment 11, the letter “K”: by George Rossman: Katoite 2 MINUTES of the October 12, 2018 Meeting 4 List of Upcoming MSSC Events 6 MSSC Board Meeting Minutes, September 16, 2018 6 MSSC Annual Banquet Information 8 Attention all Field Collectors 9 Membership Dues are Due as of Jan 1, 2019 10 Ride Share Listing 10 Calendar of Events 11 Next Field Trip: Boron November 19, 2018 11 2018 Officers 12 About MSSC 12 Remember: If you change your email or street address, you must let the MSSC Editor and Membership Chair know or we cannot guarantee receipt of future Bulletins st About the Program: 21 Century Jade: Why it’s Prized and How It’s Tested and Valued: Presented by Renée Newman Jadeite and nephrite prices are continuing to reach record highs at jewelry auctions. When gem materials go up in value and popularity, the desire to imitate and treat them increases. -
Oxidizing-Type Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, a Mineralogical and Geochemical Unique
Russian Geology and Geophysics © 2020, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS Vol. 61, No. 5-6, pp. 675–688, 2020 DOI:10.15372/RGG2019167 Geologiya i Geofizika Oxidizing-Type Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, a Mineralogical and Geochemical Unique I.V. Pekova,b, , A.A. Agakhanovс, N.V. Zubkovaa, N.N. Koshlyakovaa, N.V. Shchipalkinaa, F.D. Sandalova, V.O. Yapaskurta, A.G. Turchkovaa, E.G. Sidorovd a Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia b Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 19, Moscow, 119991, Russia c Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Leninskii pr. 18/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia d Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, bul. Piipa 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia Received 1 July 2019; accepted 28 August 2019 Abstract—We overview recent data on the mineralogy of oxidizing-type fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia), with the main focus on the chemical specifics of the minerals. The active fumarole fields of Tolbachik are the most prominent mineral- forming exhalative system of this type in the world. About 350 mineral species, including 123 minerals first discovered here, are reliably identified in the Tolbachik fumaroles. The species diversity and the specifics of this mineralization are due to the unique combination of the physicochemical conditions and mechanisms of its formation: high temperatures, atmospheric pressure, superhigh oxygen fugacity, gas transport of most of chemical elements, and direct deposition of many high-temperature minerals from volcanic gases with a specific geo- chemical composition, including strong enrichment in alkaline metals and chalcophile (“ore”) elements. -
Bulletin 65, the Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey, 1962
THEMINERALSOF FRANKLINAND STERLINGHILL NEWJERSEY BULLETIN 65 NEW JERSEYGEOLOGICALSURVEY DEPARTMENTOF CONSERVATIONAND ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 65 THE MINERALS OF FRANKLIN AND STERLING HILL, NEW JERSEY bY ALBERT S. WILKERSON Professor of Geology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey STATE OF NEw JERSEY Department of Conservation and Economic Development H. MAT ADAMS, Commissioner Division of Resource Development KE_rr_ H. CR_V_LINCDirector, Bureau of Geology and Topography KEMBLEWIDX_, State Geologist TRENTON, NEW JERSEY --1962-- NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ......................................... 5 History of Area ................................... 7 General Geology ................................... 9 Origin of the Ore Deposits .......................... 10 The Rowe Collection ................................ 11 List of 42 Mineral Species and Varieties First Found at Franklin or Sterling Hill .......................... 13 Other Mineral Species and Varieties at Franklin or Sterling Hill ............................................ 14 Tabular Summary of Mineral Discoveries ................. 17 The Luminescent Minerals ............................ 22 Corrections to Franklln-Sterling Hill Mineral List of Dis- credited Species, Incorrect Names, Usages, Spelling and Identification .................................... 23 Description of Minerals: Bementite ......................................... 25 Cahnite ..........................................