Two Lives of Denouncement
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
DIDACTIC UNIT 2 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain 2014-2017 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 2 2. BIOGRAPHY RATIONALE ............................................................................................. 11 3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND........................................................................................ 14 3.1. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT ................................................................................................. 14 The Spanish Civil War: Internationalisation of the conflict (1936-1939) .................................... 15 Franco’s dictatorship during World War II (1939-1945) ............................................................. 16 3.2. NATIONAL CONTEXT ............................................................................................................. 18 Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War (1923- 1939)............................................................................................................................................ 18 Francoism .................................................................................................................................... 24 3.3. HISTORICAL MEMORY .......................................................................................................... 32 4. BIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 36 5. ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................................................ 37 5.1. ACTIVITIES FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ........................................................... 37 5.2. ACTIVITIES FROM A LITERARY PERSPECTIVE ............................................................... 46 5.3. ACTIVITIES FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE .................................................... 60 5.4. ACTIVITIES FROM AN ETHICAL-MORAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................... 75 REFERENCES: .......................................................................................................................... 88 Glossary of terms ................................................................................................................................ 88 Bibliography and other resources........................................................................................................ 90 AUTHORS ................................................................................................................................... 91 1 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain 1. INTRODUCTION Title Two Lives of Denouncement: Collaboration. Grades addressed 15-16 year-olds. In Spain, the Spanish Civil war is usually taught to students of this age, but we consider that in a different country (with maybe a more shallow treatment of a foreign war), the age of the students addressed could be up to 17. Duration 10 sessions (50 mins. each) Sources . Source document 1 for the presentation of the biography of Ismael Chinchilla. Translation of the original Source document 1. Document A (translation of the report against Mr Julio Mª López Orozco on 26 October 1939), for Activity 1.3 . Document B: Source Document 2, of the report against Ramón Pastor Brotons on 7 June 1939. Translation of the original Source Document 2. Work dossier 1: Antonio Román Lloret’s file. Work dossier 2: Asunción Junquera Mera’s file. General Appendix to Activity 3 (Activities from a philosophical perspective) . Pictures for Activity 4 (Activities from an ethical-moral perspective) . Work dossier 1: File: Antonio Román Lloret. REPORT Name and surname of the Carlos Campos Soler prosecuting witness Age and job 51 years of age, married, businessman 2 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain He was the delegate of the union section and he knew who was to be a victim of the “walks”. Apart from having lists of the shootings, he was also in charge of the external Chronology of the events examinations. narrated in the report He was giving details of some of the “walks”, for example to Vicente Antón, who was stopped and murdered when he had a puncture on the road. Date of the report and 24 April 1939 prosecuting witness signature Carlos Campos Soler MILITARY COURT OR WAR CRIMES PROSECUTOR’S Political affiliation before and CNT (NCL) activist, police officer. after 1936 Active participation in rallies Yes. Active participation in the Revolutionary propaganda, public conversations, insulting destruction of churches and the army, burning churches. holy icons SENTENCE Lieutenant Colonel Hidalgo Matas Name and surname of the Captain Clavería Iglesia president, the spokesperson and Lieutenant Labrador Salaverri the rapporteur. Captain García Rosado Number of case. 501 Type of legal procedure. Urgent summary execution. CNT activitst, supervisor of the list for the “walks”, the list Facts justifying the sentence. of executions and the external examinations, murderer of Vicente Antón, church burner, member of the rebellion. Articles of the code of militar Art 232 pt 2 code of militar justice. justice and the criminal code Art 172 ,Art 219, military code. applied to the sentence. Order of 10 January 1937 and Law of Political Yes. Responsibilities of February 1939. Verdict and sentence. Death penalty. File: Carlos Torres Soler. REPORT Name and surname of the Manuel Santos Egidio. 3 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain prosecuting witeness. Address. 3, Genaro Calatayud Street. Elche Age and job. 55 years of age, married,born in Orihuela, brick-layer. At 8 pm he met Carlos Torres, who was saying that Dr Coquillat was a fascist rogue who had to be killed. He was also saying that he had been one of the murderers of Chronology of the events Vicente Torres and Dr Coquillat. He first shot Dr Coquillat narrated in the report. and he fell backwards with his legs raised, then he shot him again. The so-called Manuel Santos was in that conversation on 21 April 1939. MILITARY COURT OR WAR CRIMES PROSECUTOR’S Political affiliation before and UGT (General Workers Union),1938 after 1936. Active participation in the destruction of churches and Yes. holy icons. SENTENCE Colonel Hidalgo Matas Name and surname of the Pelleras Olcina president, the spokesperson and Orbañanos Gómez the rapporteur. Captain Clavería Iglesia Captain García Rosado Number of case. 617 Type of legal procedure. Urgent summary execution. Member of the Socialist Party, destruction of the hospital’s chapel as well as destruction of churches on 20 February Facts justifying the sentence. 1936, boasting of having murdered Vicente Torres and Dr Coquillat. Articles of the code of militar justice and the criminal code Joining the rebels, Art.238 par, 2, code of militar justice. applied to the sentence. Political resonsibility. We sentence the accused to Death penalty due to his Verdict and sentence adhesion to rebellion, aggravated with depravity. 12 May 1939. Work dossier 2: File: Asunción Junquera Mera 4 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain REPORT Name and surname of the Ramón Segarra Ibarra. prosecuting witeness. Address. 7, Jubalcoy Street. Age and job. 52 years of age, married, farmer, from Elche. As the headman mayor of Jubalcoy, and in compliance of the orders of Town Hall and the Civil Guards, he presents some information about the national teacher. According to him, she comes from Asturias, from a right-winged family, although she is left-winged. She was in charge of the School Colony number 9 in February, March and April Chronology of the events 1939. He claims that she behaved, she forbade the children narrated in the report. from singing war chants. She spoke little. She did not let her beliefs leak. She avoided wasting and commit immoralities, as she gave all the food to the children. These claims can be confirmed not only by Segarra but also by all the people who lived with her up until her detention. Date of the report and defence 1 September 1939 witness signature MILITARY COURT OR WAR CRIMES PROSECUTOR’S National teacher and headmistress of teh School Colony Address of the accused and number 9 in Elche. 29 years of age. Native to Burgo de personal information. Osma (Soria) and local of Elche. Single. Before 1936: left-winged but without any political Political affiliation before and affilitaion acknowledged. after 1936. After 1936: member of the UGT (General Workers Union) and supporter of the Republican cause. Date of the military court. 16 November 1939 SENTENCE Colonel Belda López Name and surname of the Guinart Llauradó president, the spokesperson and Lázaro Martí Bonnim the rapporteur. Cereza Olivan Fernández de Arévalo Number of case. 3302 Type of legal procedure. Ordinary. With a highly Marxist ideology, she voluntarily left Facts justifying the sentence. Asturias before it was occupied by the national forces. She 5 Two lives of Denouncement Collaboration IES Tirant Lo Blanc, Elche, Spain worked as a teacher in several municipalities of the Red area. During the Red Domination, she defended the cause and, after the Glorious National Movement, she passively resisted the implementation of the principles of the Syndicalist