(2014) Assessment of Blue Swimmer Crab Recruitment
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Fisheries Research Report No. 258, 2014 Assessment of blue swimmer crab recruitment and breeding stock levels in the Peel-Harvey Estuary and status of the Mandurah to Bunbury Developing Crab Fishery D. Johnston, A. Chandrapavan, B. Wise, N. Caputi Fisheries Research Division Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories PO Box 20 NORTH BEACH, Western Australia 6920 1390/14 Correct citation: Johnston, D., Chandrapavan, A., Wise, B. and Caputi, N. 2014. Assessment of blue swimmer crab recruitment and breeding stock levels in the Peel-Harvey Estuary and status of the Mandurah to Bunbury Developing Crab Fishery. Fisheries Research Report No. 258. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. 148pp. Enquiries: WA Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920 Tel: +61 8 9203 0111 Email: [email protected] Website: www.fish.wa.gov.au ABN: 55 689 794 771 A complete list of Fisheries Research Reports is available online at www.fish.wa.gov.au © Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. October 2014. ISSN: 1035 - 4549 ISBN: 978-1-921845-80-2 ii Fisheries Research Report [Western Australia] No. 258, 2014 Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 1 1.0 General Introduction .................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Physical description of Peel-Harvey Estuary ......................................................... 5 1.2 Peel-Harvey Estuary commercial crab fishery ....................................................... 7 1.3 Peel-Harvey Estuary recreational crab fishery ....................................................... 8 1.4 Mandurah to Bunbury Developing Crab Fishery ................................................... 8 1.5 Stock connectivity .................................................................................................. 8 1.6 Concerns for the Peel-Harvey Estuary crab stock ................................................. 9 1.7 Study objectives ...................................................................................................... 10 2.0 Catch and effort statistics and commercial catch monitoring within Peel-Harvey Estuary: Assessing stock status ................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Methods .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2.1 Commercial Catch and Effort Statistics (CAES) ........................................ 11 2.2.2 Commercial catch monitoring program ..................................................... 12 2.2.3 Statistical Analyses ...................................................................................... 13 2.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Commercial Catch and Effort data ............................................................. 14 2.3.2 Commercial catch monitoring data ............................................................ 17 3.0 Peel-Harvey Estuary fishery-independent monitoring program: Status of the breeding stock and recruitment .................................................................................. 33 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 33 3.2 Methods .................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.1 Current Fishery-Independent Research Program (2007 – 2011) ............... 34 3.2.2 Fishery-independent research surveys 1995 – 1998 .................................. 37 3.2.3 Additional fishery-independent beach seine surveys ................................. 37 3.2.4 Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................... 38 3.2.5 Statistical Analyses ..................................................................................... 38 3.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1 Environmental monitoring .......................................................................... 39 3.3.2 Current fishery-independent trap survey ..................................................... 40 3.3.3 Comparison of current and historical fishery-independent trap surveys .... 50 3.3.4 Seine netting and trawl length frequency .................................................. 54 4.0 Mandurah to Bunbury Developing Crab Fishery .................................................... 58 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 58 4.2 Methods ................................................................................................................. 59 4.2.1 Commercial catch and effort data ............................................................... 59 4.2.2 Commercial monitoring data ....................................................................... 59 Fisheries Research Report [Western Australia] No. 258, 2014 iii 4.3 Results .................................................................................................. 60 4.3.1 Area 1 – Comet Bay .................................................................................... 60 4.3.2 Zone D – South West Trawl Managed Fishery (SWTMF) ......................... 63 4.3.3 Area 2 – Mandurah to Bunbury Developing Crab Fishery......................... 63 5.0 Recreational surveys of catch and effort for blue swimmer crabs in the Peel-Harvey Estuary .................................................................................................... 70 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 70 5.2 Methods .................................................................................................................. 70 5.2.1 2007 – 08 Survey Design ............................................................................ 71 5.2.2 Analysis of survey data ............................................................................... 79 5.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 92 5.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 104 6.0 General Discussion ....................................................................................................... 106 6.1 Biology of P. armatus in the Peel-Harvey Estuary ................................................. 106 6.1.1 Moulting, mating and spawning ................................................................. 106 6.1.2 Spawning females ........................................................................................ 106 6.1.3 Recruitment ................................................................................................. 107 6.1.4 Life-cycle of Peel-Harvey Estuary crab stock ........................................... 107 6.2 Commercial catch and effort trends ....................................................................... 109 6.3 Change in stock status in the past decade .............................................................. 109 6.4 Environmental influence on stock dynamics .......................................................... 110 6.5 Differences in trap selectivity ................................................................................. 111 6.6 Mandurah to Bunbury Developing Crab Fishery ................................................... 111 6.7 Impact of recreational and commercial fishing pressure on the crab stock ........... 112 6.8 Rationalisation of crab data collection in the Peel-Harvey Estuary ....................... 113 6.8.1 The Estuary Channel ................................................................................... 113 6.8.2 Outside oceanic sites ................................................................................... 114 6.8.3 Commercial monitoring program ............................................................... 115 6.8.4 Future survey and monitoring program ..................................................... 115 6.9 Future management recommendations .................................................................. 116 6.10 Proposed Harvest Strategy for the Peel-Harvey Estuary Commercial Crab Fishery . 117 6.10.1 Primary performance indicators .................................................................. 117 6.10.2 Secondary performance indicators ............................................................. 119 6.11 Stock Status ............................................................................................................ 121 7.0 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 123 8.0 References ..................................................................................................................... 124 9.0 Appendices .................................................................................................................... 127 9.1