The Sacred Sites in the Black Hills

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

SACRED SITES OF THE BLACK HILLS Whitney Rencountre II LAKOTA/DAKOTA/NAKOTA • Nadowessioux=Snake • Sioux=Our official government name, Great Sioux Nation • Our own name=Lakota or Dakota or Nakota, three dialects • Lakota= Friend • Language difference= Kola(Friend), Koda(Friend) • Over 550 Tribes all with each own language and customs. HISTORY OF THE BLACK HILLS • 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty • allow travelers, railroad surveyors, and construction workers to enter tribal lands safely; • allow the government to establish posts and roads; • pay for any wrongdoing of their people; • select head chiefs to deal with U.S. government agents; • cease fighting with other tribes. • The United States had to • protect Indians from U.S. citizens; • deliver annuities if the terms of the treaty were upheld. 1868 FORT LARAMIE TREATY In 1868, a treaty commission again met at Fort Laramie. The U. S. agents at the council came with a new federal policy that focused on placing all tribes on reservations. The Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1868 established the Great Sioux Reservation which included the sacred Black Hills. Annuities (payments) of food and clothing were to be delivered to Indians living on the reservation. The government promised to close the Bozeman trail and the forts along the trail. According to the agreement, the treaty had to be signed by three-fourths (3/4 or .75 percent) of the males of the tribes. Many bands of Lakota Sioux agreed to the treaty. Some of them were already living within the boundaries of the Great Sioux Reservation. HE SAPA – PAHA SAPA -BLACK HILLS 7 SACRED SITES • The Black Hills are considered by our ancestors, to be the center of the universe. • The Black Hills are a heavenly place and our ancestors gathered here to pray, meditate and welcome back the spring season, our new year. • Other area tribes, such as the Northern Cheyenne, Crow, Arapaho, Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikira and many others considered the Black Hills to be a very sacred place. WASUN NIYA- WIND CAVE PTE TATIYOPA- BUFFALO GAP MATO PAHA- BEAR BUTTE PE SLA- REYNOLDS PRAIRIE MATO TIPILA- DEVIL’S TOWER INYAN KARA BLACK ELK PEAK- HARNEY PEAK BLACK HILLS ACT 1877 1978 AMERICAN INDIAN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ACT • In the 1883 United States Banned Native American Religious and Medicine Men. MITAKUYE OWASIN • Some say Mitakuye Oyasin. • All my relations. • We are all related. • All connected..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Teacher’S Guide Teacher’S Guide Little Bighorn National Monument
LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT TEACHER’S GUIDE TEACHER’S GUIDE LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Teacher’s Guide is to provide teachers grades K-12 information and activities concerning Plains Indian Life-ways, the events surrounding the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Personalities involved and the Impact of the Battle. The information provided can be modified to fit most ages. Unit One: PERSONALITIES Unit Two: PLAINS INDIAN LIFE-WAYS Unit Three: CLASH OF CULTURES Unit Four: THE CAMPAIGN OF 1876 Unit Five: BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN Unit Six: IMPACT OF THE BATTLE In 1879 the land where The Battle of the Little Bighorn occurred was designated Custer Battlefield National Cemetery in order to protect the bodies of the men buried on the field of battle. With this designation, the land fell under the control of the United States War Department. It would remain under their control until 1940, when the land was turned over to the National Park Service. Custer Battlefield National Monument was established by Congress in 1946. The name was changed to Little Bighorn National Monument in 1991. This area was once the homeland of the Crow Indians who by the 1870s had been displaced by the Lakota and Cheyenne. The park consists of 765 acres on the east boundary of the Little Bighorn River: the larger north- ern section is known as Custer Battlefield, the smaller Reno-Benteen Battlefield is located on the bluffs over-looking the river five miles to the south. The park lies within the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana, one mile east of I-90.
[Show full text]
Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: a Lakota Story Cycle Paul A
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Paul Johnsgard Collection Papers in the Biological Sciences 2008 Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: A Lakota Story Cycle Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: A Lakota Story Cycle" (2008). Paul Johnsgard Collection. 51. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard/51 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Paul Johnsgard Collection by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Fiction I Historical History I Native Ameri("an Wind Through the Buffalo Grass: A Lakota Story Cycle is a narrative history of the Pine Ridge Lakota tribe of South Dakota, following its history from 1850 to the present day through actual historical events and through the stories of four fictional Lakota children, each related by descent and separated from one another by two generations. The ecology of the Pine Ridge region, especially its mammalian and avian wildlife, is woven into the stories of the children. 111ustrated by the author, the book includes drawings of Pine Ridge wildlife, regional maps, and Native American pictorial art. Appendices include a listing of important Lakota words, and checklists of mammals and breeding birds of the region. Dr. Paul A. Johnsgard is foundation professor of biological sciences emeritus of the University of Nebraska-lincoln.
[Show full text]
I Saw That It Was Holy: the Black Hills and the Concept of Sacred Land
Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 3 Issue 2 Article 4 December 1985 I Saw That It Was Holy: The Black Hills and the Concept of Sacred Land Richard Pemberton Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation Richard Pemberton Jr., I Saw That It Was Holy: The Black Hills and the Concept of Sacred Land, 3(2) LAW & INEQ. 287 (1985). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol3/iss2/4 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. "I Saw That It Was Holy": The Black Hills and the Concept of Sacred Land Richard Pemberton, Jr.* "Hear me, four quarters of the world-a relative I am! Give me the strength to walk the soft earth, a relative to all that is! ...With your power only can I face the winds."1 Black Elk "I never want to leave this country; all my relatives are lying here in the ground, and when I fall to pieces I am going to fall 2 to pieces here." Shunkaha Napin (Wolf Necklace) "The more you think about this, the more meaning you will see in it."3 Black Elk I. The Origins of Difference: Religious and Cultural Assumptions In 1877, Congress voted to transfer the ownership of the Black Hills from the Lakota and Dakota Indian nations4 to the United States. No doubt government officials hoped that, in time, * Richard Pemberton is a J.D. candidate at the University of Minnesota. Au- thor's acknowledgment: I thank Jane Larson, my editor and friend, for the inesti- mable contribution she has made to this article.
[Show full text]
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (Now Little Bighorn Battlefield)
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (now Little Bighorn Battlefield) by Robert M. Utley National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 1 Washington, D.C. 1969 Contents a. A CUSTER PROFILE b. CUSTER'S LAST STAND 1. Campaign of 1876 2. Indian Movements 3. Plan of Action 4. March to the Little Bighorn 5. Reno Attacks 6. The Annihilation of Custer 7. Reno Besieged 8. Rescue 9. Collapse of the Sioux 10. Custer Battlefield Today 11. Campaign Maps c. APPENDIXES I. Officers of the 7th Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn II. Low Dog's Account of the Battle III. Gall's Account of the Battle IV. A Participant's Account of Major Reno's Battle d. CUSTER'S LAST CAMPAIGN: A PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY e. THE ART AND THE ARTIST f. ADMINISTRATION For additional information, visit the Web site for Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument or view their Official National Park Handbook (#132): Historical Handbook Number One 1969 The publication of this handbook was made possible by a grant from the Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association, Inc. This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price lists of Park Service publications sold by the Government Printing Office may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. The National Park System, of which Custer Battlefield National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.
[Show full text]
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION P.O. Box #2070 Pine Ridge, South Dakota 57770 1(605) 867-5821 Ext. 8420 (O) / 1(605) 867-6076 (F) President Troy “Scott” Weston July 2, 2018 Hon. Ryan Zinke, Secretary Attn: Tara Sweeney, Assistant Secretary U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C St., N.W. Washington, DC 20240 Via email: [email protected] Re: Comments on Land-Into-Trust Regulations (25 C.F.R. Part 151) Dear Secretary Zinke and Assistant Secretary Sweeney: The Oglala Sioux Tribe is a Federally recognized Indian tribe, one of the constituent tribes of the Great Sioux Nation, and a signatory to the 1851 Treaty between the United States and the Sioux Nation and the 1868 Treaty between the United States and the Great Sioux Nation. The Oglala Sioux Tribe submits these comments on the BIA outreach meetings on acquisition of Indian trust land by the Secretary of the Interior: No regulatory amendments are required at the present time. The Secretary should restore authority to the BIA Regions to acquire land into trust on behalf of Indian tribes and individual Indians. The Secretary should mandate that the BIA Regional Directors prioritize and expedite the acquisition of Indian trust lands for Indian tribes and individuals to enhance restorative justice, promote Indian self-determination, support self- government, encourage economic development, and foster cultural survival and community wellness. BACKGROUND: 1851 AND 1868 TREATIES Under the 1851 and 1868 Treaties, the Great Sioux Nation reserved 21 million acres of western South Dakota from the low water mark on the east bank of the Missouri River as our “permanent home” and 44 million acres of land in Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota as unceded Indian territory from among our original Lakota, Nakota, and Dakota territory.
[Show full text]
Right of Way to Dakota Central Railway Through Sioux Reservation, Dakota
University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 12-11-1883 Right of way to Dakota Central Railway through Sioux Reservation, Dakota. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting communication from the Secretary of the Interior relative to certain agreements with the Sioux Indians and right of way to Dakota Central Railway through Sioux Reservation Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation H.R. Exec. Doc. No. 11, 48th Cong., 1st Sess. (1883) This House Executive Document is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 48TH CoNGREss, } HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. {Ex. Doc. 1st Session. No. 11. RIGHT OF WAY TO DAKOTA CENTRAL RAILWAY THROUGH SIOUX RESERVATION, DAKOTA. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TRANSMITTING Communication from the Secretary of the Interior relative to certain agree ments with the Sioux Indians and right of way to Dakota Oentral Rail way tlwough Sioux Reservation. DECEMBER 11, 1883.-Referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs and ordered to be printed. To the Senate and House of Representatives: I transmit herewith a communication from the Secretary of the In terior of the 3d instant, submitting, with accompanying papers, draft of a bill '' to accept and ratify certain agreements made with the Sioux Indians, and to grant a right of way to the Dakota Central Railway Company through the Sioux Reservation in Dakota." The matter is presented for the consideration of the Congress.
[Show full text]
Jewel Cave National Monument Historic Resource Study
PLACE OF PASSAGES: JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY 2006 by Gail Evans-Hatch and Michael Evans-Hatch Evans-Hatch & Associates Published by Midwestern Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska _________________________________ i _________________________________ ii _________________________________ iii _________________________________ iv Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: First Residents 7 Introduction Paleo-Indian Archaic Protohistoric Europeans Rock Art Lakota Lakota Spiritual Connection to the Black Hills Chapter 2: Exploration and Gold Discovery 33 Introduction The First Europeans United States Exploration The Lure of Gold Gold Attracts Euro-Americans to Sioux Land Creation of the Great Sioux Reservation Pressure Mounts for Euro-American Entry Economic Depression Heightens Clamor for Gold Custer’s 1874 Expedition Gordon Party & Gold-Seekers Arrive in Black Hills Chapter 3: Euro-Americans Come To Stay: Indians Dispossessed 59 Introduction Prospector Felix Michaud Arrives in the Black Hills Birth of Custer and Other Mining Camps Negotiating a New Treaty with the Sioux Gold Rush Bust Social and Cultural Landscape of Custer City and County Geographic Patterns of Early Mining Settlements Roads into the Black Hills Chapter 4: Establishing Roots: Harvesting Resources 93 Introduction Milling Lumber for Homes, Mines, and Farms Farming Railroads Arrive in the Black Hills Fluctuating Cycles in Agriculture Ranching Rancher Felix Michaud Harvesting Timber Fires in the Forest Landscapes of Diversifying Uses _________________________________ v Chapter 5: Jewel Cave: Discovery and Development 117 Introduction Conservation Policies Reach the Black Hills Jewel Cave Discovered Jewel Cave Development The Legal Environment Developing Jewel Cave to Attract Visitors The Wind Cave Example Michauds’ Continued Struggle Chapter 6: Jewel Cave Under the U.S.
[Show full text]
SBCC-Report Revised
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The 730-acre property at Sitting Bull Crystal Caverns (SBCC) is of great significance to the geological history of the Black Hills, as well as the histories of South Dakota tourism and, most importantly, of the Oceti Sakowin (“Great Sioux Nation”). Located about ten miles south of downtown Rapid City on Highway 16, the property sits in the heart of the sacred Black Hills (Paha Sapa), which are the creation place of the Lakota people. The Sitting Bull Cave system—named after the famed Hunkpapa leader, who is said to have camped on the property in the late 1800s—is located in the “Pahasapa limestone,” a ring of sedimentary rock on the inner edges of the “Racetrack” described in Lakota oral traditions. There are three caves in the system. The deepest, “Sitting Bull Cave,” boasts some of the largest pyramid-shaped “dog tooth spar” calcite crystals anywhere in the world. The cave opened to tourists after significant excavation in 1934 and operated almost continuously until 2015. It was among the most successful early tourist attractions in the Black Hills, due to the cave’s stunning beauty and the property’s prime location on the highway that connects Rapid City to Mount Rushmore. 2. The Duhamel Sioux Indian Pageant was created by Oglala Holy Man Nicholas Black Elk and held on the SBCC grounds from 1934 to 1957. Black Elk was a well-known Oglala Lakota whose prolific life extended from his experience at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876 to the publication of Black Elk Speaks in 1932 and beyond.
[Show full text]
Kicking Bear, "Address at the Council Meeting of the Hunkpapa Sioux, Great Sioux Reservation" (9 October 1890)
Voices of Democracy 3 (2008): 34‐49 Black 34 KICKING BEAR, "ADDRESS AT THE COUNCIL MEETING OF THE HUNKPAPA SIOUX, GREAT SIOUX RESERVATION" (9 OCTOBER 1890) Jason Edward Black University of Alabama Abstract: Kicking Bear's 1890 speech to a Council Meeting of the Hunkpapa Sioux called the Sioux Nation to join the Ghost Dance, a movement that sought a return of the buffalo and the expulsion of European‐Americans from Indian Country. Kicking Bear worked to define the American Indians as the "chosen people," an appropriation of the U.S. government's expansionist and exceptional ideologies. In the process, Kicking Bear fostered a sense of familialism, binding Natives to their ancestors. Key Words: Kicking Bear, Ghost Dance, American Indian rhetoric, prophecy, pan‐Indianism Kicking Bear, a Lakota Sioux of the Minneconjou Band, was born in the spring of 1853 in present‐day South Dakota, to Black Fox (father) and Wood Pecker (mother). Although Kicking Bear's final resting place is unknown, most historians, anthropologists and ethnologists agree that this minor band chief of the Minneconjou passed away in May 1904 and is buried somewhere in the vicinity of Manderson, South Dakota. He lived his entire life in the Manderson area and took his vision quest, an adolescent rite of passage through which Plains Indian boys discovered their calling, in the nearby Black Hills.1 During Kicking Bear's fifty‐one years, he built a reputation as a leader of both the Minneconjou Band and the pan‐Indian movement known as the Ghost Dance.2 The Ghost Dance ritual sought to stimulate a return of American Indian land and the buffalo herds that sustained their way of life.
[Show full text]
Papers of the Dakota Conference Index: 1990-2015
Papers of the Dakota Conference A National Conference on the Northern Plains Index: 1990-2015 Compiled by Matthew Housiaux Team The Center for Western Studies Preface The Center for Western Studies (CWS) of Augustana is pleased to make available this index to the Papers of the Dakota Conference on Northern Plains History, Literature, Art, and Archaeology for the period 1990 to 2015. Over the years, many individuals have contributed to this index. This update, for 2011 to 2015, was compiled by CWS Intern Matthew Housiaux. In 1989, following the Twenty-second Annual Dakota History Conference, Dakota State University, the home of the conference since its founding in February 1969, invited South Dakota institutions to consider sponsoring the conference, since the academic program at Dakota State no longer accommodated a history conference. The Center for Western Studies agreed to administer the conference beginning in 1990, with the promise of financial support consideration from the South Dakota Humanities Council. The Humanities Council provided grant support for the conference annually from 1990 to 2008, in response to competitive proposals submitted by CWS. Over the years, significant additional financial support has been received from several individuals and organizations. For twenty-six years, the Center for Western Studies has not only administered the conference but has also expanded its scope to include the northern Great Plains and welcomed papers on literature, art, and archaeology as well as history. Dedicated to examining regional issues in their historical and cultural contexts, the Dakota Conference is a signature event of CWS, which provides programming in Northern Plains studies at Augustana College.
[Show full text]
Deadwood, South Dakota CLE Excursion, July 17-20, 2020
Washburn University School of Law Deadwood, South Dakota CLE Excursion July 17-20, 2020 Lodge at Deadwood PARTICIPANT INFORMATION Washburn University School of Law Deadwood, SD CLE Excursion July 17‐20, 2020 COVID-19 UPDATE Masks will be provided and required for all attendees when in public spaces. Social distancing will be implemented and several CLEs are outside to increase safety of participants. SCHEDULE FRIDAY, JULY 17 Information Table – 5 – 7 p.m. | Oggie’s Sports Bar & Emporium Stop by Oggie’s Sports Bar between 5 and 7 p.m. to grab your Washburn Law CLE and social distancing materials. Karli Davis, director of Alumni Relations, will also be available to answer any last‐ minute questions you have about all the upcoming activities. SATURDAY, JULY 18 Attorney Mindfulness Through Yoga CLE – 1hr | 9 a.m. | Firepit near Lodge Pool (Rain Location – Conference Area Foyer) Dean Carla Pratt will discuss the benefits of lawyer mindfulness practice and use the construct of Yoga to conduct a mindfulness session. As our lives get busier and we are inundated with information throughout all hours of the day, it is important to step back to pause. Dean Pratt will share an update on the latest research on mindfulness, including how it benefits productivity, enhances relationships, and contributes to overall attorney wellness. This session will also teach a few basic yoga poses and include tips for being more mindful in everyday activities. Both attorneys and their guests are encouraged to attend. Yoga mats will be provided to each registrant for this CLE. Indigenous Perspectives CLE – 1hr | 1:30 p.m.
[Show full text]
American Indians; *Cultural ABSTRACT the Instructional
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 066 237 24 RC 006 3149 TITLE Makoce. Curriculum Materials Resource Unit 3. INSTITUTION Black Hills State Coll., Spearfish, S. Dak.; Red Cloud Indian School, Inc., Pine Ridge, S. Dak. Oglala Sioux Culture Center. SPONS AGENCY National Center for Educational Research and Development (DHEW/OE) , Washington, D.C. BUREAU NO BR-1-H-0 04 PUB DATE Jul 72 NOTE 60p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS American History; *American Indians; *Cultural Background; Ethnic Groups; Government Role; *Grade 9; History; *Instructional Materials; *Land Use; Negotiation Agreements; Religious Education; Reservations (Indian) ; Tribes; War IDENTIFIERS *Oglala Sioux ABSTRACT The instructional material in this third of 6 units is directed to the 9th graders of the Oglala Sioux people. Discussion is focused mainly on land and its significance to the Oglala Sioux people. The discussion covers 4 main areas:(1) a history of Oglala Sioux settlement in the Dakotas and the effect of the government treaties on the Oglala Sioux land, (2) the Allotment Acts and their effects on the Oglala Sioux,(3) a history of Federal-Indian policy and a discussion of termination and how both affected the Oglala Sioux people, and(4) the Oglala Sioux Reservation today and the tribal constitution governing the land. Twelve maps are included. (FF) /- o04-1 PA ;2z-I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATIDN & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS 00CUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY.
[Show full text]