MANITOBA's ECOCLIMATIC REGIONS Geoffrey A.J. Scott

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MANITOBA's ECOCLIMATIC REGIONS Geoffrey A.J. Scott MANITOBA'S ECOCLIMATIC REGIONS Geoffrey A.J. Scott 4 Although humans have an enor- matic provinces, and portions of 4 of etation zones and soil types. mous potential to modify natural the 10 Canadian ecoclimatic prov- It is the overall role of climate, ecosystems, many human activities inces — the Grassland, Boreal, however, that accounts for the are both stimulated and/or limited Subarctic, and Arctic — are found northwest-to-southeast orientation by constraints imposed by the eco- in Manitoba (Figure 4.1).3 Because of Manitoba's major ecoclimatic re- system or climate. Whereas much of of their large size and internal vari- gions and zonal vegetation and southern and west-central Mani- ation, these provinces are subdi- soils. Types of vegetation cover and toba has already been drastically vided into ecoclimatic regions, and the distribution of freely drained modified during the last century by 8 such regions are represented in soils correlate strongly with in- agriculture, grazing, forestry, and Manitoba. creasing moisture availability as urban development to the point As the definition implies, each precipitation increases from west to that its original natural-vegetation ecoclimatic region has its own char- east (Figure 4.4), and also with in- covers are hardly recognizable, acteristic combination of soil types, creasing effective precipitation as many other regions in the north and vegetation cover, and wildlife that one moves from south to north. northeast appear quite pristine. An makes it distinct from any other re- Wetlands, however, do not con- appreciation of the great variety gion. Ecoclimatic regions therefore form to this climatically determined presented by Manitoba's soils and include communities that can be de- zonal distribution of vegetation and biota is therefore valuable back- scribed by their potential natural- soils, because poor drainage rather ground for any discussion of human vegetation cover using traditional than climate is more important in de- activities in the province, and this is terms such as prairie, aspen park- termining their location. Because best gained by reviewing all major land, boreal forest, tundra, wet- wetlands cover 41 percent of Mani- natural ecosystems1 within Manito- lands, etc. (Figure 4.2). As might be toba, and because all five Canadian ba's ecoclimatic regions. expected, a comparison of Figures wetland classes (fens, bogs, marshes, Ecoclimatic regions are "broad 4.1 and 4.2 shows a marked similar- swamps, and open shallow water) are areas of the earth's surface charac- ity in major boundaries, reflecting encountered here, the following dis- terized by distinctive ecological re- the primary consideration given to cussion would be incomplete if their sponses to climate, as expressed by vegetation cover in delimiting ecocli- characteristics were omitted.4 It is vegetation and reflected in soils, matic regions. Likewise, a compari- also important to note that vegeta- wildlife and water."2 At a more gen- son of vegetation and soil distribu- tion zonation throughout the prov- Copyright @ 1996. University of Manitoba Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. eral level, ecoclimatic regions are tions (Figures 4.2 and 4.3) confirms ince has had but the short span of hierarchically grouped into ecocli- the strong relationship between veg- postglacial time in which to develop EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 9/19/2018 2:38 PM via UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA AN: 497392 ; Stadel, Christoph, Everitt, John C., Welsted, John E..; The Geography of Manitoba : Its Land and Its People Account: s5519424.main.ehost 44 THE GEOGRAPHY OF MANITOBA and stabilize, and that even this short period has been marked by climatic changes sufficient to move vegetation zone boundaries a hun- dred kilometres or more in just the last 3,500 years alone.5 THE TRANSITIONAL GRASSLAND ECOCLIMATIC REGION Most of southwestern Manitoba is part of the Transitional Grassland Ecoclimatic Region, a zone where moisture deficits are sufficiently large that woody species are gener- ally stressed and herbaceous (grass- land) species favoured. Some excep- tions include treed pothole/lake fringes and riverine gallery forests, where abundant ground water is found. In terms of traditional natu- ral-vegetation zonation, this region is called the prairie (Figure 4.2). Before agricultural settlement, prairie grassland was exceptionally well adapted to the stressful cli- mate, with its droughts, fires, strong winds, and herds of grazing and soil-compacting plains bison. (Official binomial names of plant and animal species are found in Ap- pendices 4.1 and 4.2, respectively). In addition, both the palatability of the herbaceous cover and a huge soil biota favoured rapid nutrient recycling with little litter buildup. The limited leaching potential of the subhumid prairie climate, com- bined with humification of the enor- mous annual production of fibrous rooting systems, has promoted both nutrient- and humus-rich topsoils over postglacial time — the classic Black Earths or Chernozems (Fig- 6 ure 4.5). These Black Chernozems Figure 4.1 Ecoclimatic Zonation in Manitoba (Source: Ecoregions Working Group, have been shown to be ideal for pro- Ecoclimatic Regions of Canada, First Approximation [Ottawa: Environment Canada, duction of cereals and oilseeds, two Ecoregions Working Group of the Canadian Committee on Ecological Land Classification groups of domesticated species well Service, Conservation and Protection, 1989]) adapted to drier and sunnier mid- latitude continental summer condi- making many communities suscep- and biotic conditions represented tions. Much of the recent history of tible to fire. As a result this region is throughout this prairie or Transi- this ecoclimatic region has there- associated with a long history of tional Grassland Ecoclimatic Re- fore been one of almost total prairie both human- and lightning-induced gion, it can be readily subdivided on conversion by the plough, or altera- burning, which has influenced the the basis of dominant vegetation tion to pasture (Chapter 15). dominant biota of the region as well cover into three major ecosystem Before the arrival of European as soil development. types: mixed-grass prairie, aspen agriculture, the herbaceous cover Perennial grasses are especially parkland, and tall-grass prairie. provided ideal habitat for many suited to spring or summer burn- species of wildlife. Inevitably such a ing, sprouting soon afterwards and Mixed-Grass Prairie subhumid climate was also condu- offering fresh browse for herbivores Manitoba's mixed-grass prairie has cive to the production of late sum- such as bison. Because of the many been greatly reduced in size during Copyright @ 1996. University of Manitoba Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law. mer herbaceous cover die-back, different types of cover, habitats, the last century because of en- EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 9/19/2018 2:38 PM via UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA AN: 497392 ; Stadel, Christoph, Everitt, John C., Welsted, John E..; The Geography of Manitoba : Its Land and Its People Account: s5519424.main.ehost Manitoba's Ecoclimatic Regions 45 Table 4.1 Land Surface of Manitoba Covered by the Major Soil Orders/ Great Groups Soil Type% of Land Surface Black Chernozem 9.6 Dark Gray Chernozem 4.8 Gleysol 6.9 Regosol 1.4 Gray Luvisol 5.6 Organic Soils 17.5 Eutric Brunisol 13.2 Dystric Brunisol 8.5 Organic Cryosol 17.9 Turbic Cryosol 6.8 Rock 7.8 Total 100.0 Source: University of Manitoba, Faculty of Agriculture, Principles and Practices of Commercial Farming in Manitoba, 5th ed. (Winnipeg: Univer- sity of Manitoba, Faculty of Agricul- ture, 1977), 33. with its outward-creeping ground- level branches, are found on well- drained sandy soils. Woody stands with shrubs and often trees are found in protected depressions such as the Pembina Valley, around pot- holes or small lakes, along rivers, and on sandy deltaic deposits (Case Study 4.1 on page 56). In addition, some grassland patches, such as those scattered throughout Riding Mountain National Park, are domi- nated by fescue and Kentucky bluegrass. Black Chernozems are the domi- nant soil order throughout the re- gion, whereas Regosols (poorly de- veloped soils) are found in the Spruce Woods and along flood- plains, and some patches of Solo- Figure 4.2 Potential Natural Vegetation Zonation in Manitoba (Sources: For tundra and netzic soils (which provide low-qual- forest tundra, K.P, Timoney et al., "The High SubArctic Forest-Tundra of North Western ity agricultural land) are found Canada: Position, Width, and Vegetation Gradients in Relation to Climate," Arctic where sodium-rich parent material 45[1992]:l-9; for boreal forest and mixed-woods, J.S, Rowe, Forest Regions of Canada [Ottawa: Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry Publication 1300,1972]; for is present. Where soil textures are boreal-prairie transition, S.C. Zoltai, The Southern Limit of Trees on the Canadian Prairies loamy and drainage adequate, Black [Edmonton: Northern Forest Research Centre, Information Report NOR-X-128, 1975]; and Chernozems have good Canada for parkland and prairie, G.C. Trottier, Conservation of Canadian Prairie Grasslands: a Land Inventory (CLI) ratings for agri- Landowner's Guide [Ottawa: Environment Canada, 1992]) culture. While only 9.6 percent of Manitoba's soils are Black Chern- croachment by aspen, and occupies thread (or spear) grass, northern ozems and another 4.8 percent are only a small portion in the south- wheat grass, June grass, and little Dark Gray Chernozems, these two west and many small remnant ar- bluestem, together with broadleaf Great Groups provide the over- eas within the aspen parkland. Of- herbs and sedges in moister loca- whelming majority of all agricul- ten termed the "mesic mixed-grass tions (Figure 4.6). tural soils throughout the province prairie" to differentiate it from the On drier sites, shorter grass spe- (Table 4.1).
Recommended publications
  • Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
    Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Microlepidoptera in Alberta, Canada
    Volume 59 2005 Number 2 Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 59(2), 2005, 61-82 NEW RECORDS OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA IN ALBERTA, CANADA GREGORY R. POHL Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 email: [email protected] CHARLES D. BIRD Box 22, Erskine, Alberta, Canada T0C 1G0 email: [email protected] JEAN-FRANÇOIS LANDRY Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 email: [email protected] AND GARY G. ANWEILER E.H. Strickland Entomology Museum, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H1 email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Fifty-seven species of microlepidoptera are reported as new for the Province of Alberta, based primarily on speci- mens in the Northern Forestry Research Collection of the Canadian Forest Service, the University of Alberta Strickland Museum, the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, and the personal collections of the first two authors. These new records are in the families Eriocraniidae, Prodoxidae, Tineidae, Psychidae, Gracillariidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae, Acrolepi- idae, Glyphipterigidae, Elachistidae, Glyphidoceridae, Coleophoridae, Gelechiidae, Xyloryctidae, Sesiidae, Tortricidae, Schrecken- steiniidae, Epermeniidae, Pyralidae, and Crambidae. These records represent the first published report of the families Eriocrani- idae and Glyphidoceridae in Alberta, of Acrolepiidae in western Canada, and of Schreckensteiniidae in Canada. Tetragma gei, Tegeticula
    [Show full text]
  • An Extra-Limital Population of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Cynomys Ludovicianus, in Central Alberta
    46 THE CANADIAN FIELD -N ATURALIST Vol. 126 An Extra-Limital Population of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs, Cynomys ludovicianus, in Central Alberta HELEN E. T REFRY 1 and GEOFFREY L. H OLROYD 2 1Environment Canada, 4999-98 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3 Canada; email: [email protected] 2Environment Canada, 4999-98 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3 Canada Trefry, Helen E., and Geoffrey L. Holroyd. 2012. An extra-limital population of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs, Cynomys ludovicianus, in central Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 126(1): 4 6–49. An introduced population of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs, Cynomys ludovicianus, has persisted for the past 50 years east of Edmonton, Alberta, over 600 km northwest of the natural prairie range of the species. This colony has slowly expanded at this northern latitude within a transition ecotone between the Boreal Plains ecozone and the Prairies ecozone. Although this colony is derived from escaped animals, it is worth documenting, as it represents a significant disjunct range extension for the species and it is separated from the sylvatic plague ( Yersina pestis ) that threatens southern populations. The unique northern location of these Black-tailed Prairie Dogs makes them valuable for the study of adaptability and geographic variation, with implications for climate change impacts on the species, which is threatened in Canada. Key Words: Black-tailed Prairie Dog, Cynomys ludovicianus, extra-limital occurrence, Alberta. Black-tailed Prairie Dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) Among the animals he displayed were three Black- occur from northern Mexico through the Great Plains tailed Prairie Dogs, a male and two females, originat - of the United States to southern Canada, where they ing from the Dixon ranch colony southeast of Val Marie are found only in Saskatchewan (Banfield 1974).
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Creek PP 32 • Vocabulary and Definitions 4 • Key Messages 7 • Pre-Trip Discussion 8 YOUR DAY in the FIELD • Schedule 13 • Student Data Forms 14
    ECOSYSTEMS AND IMPACTS IN FISH CREEK PROVINCIAL PARK A Field Study for Grade 11 Students FISH CREEK ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTRE www.Fish-Creek.org FISH CREEK ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTRE 1 ECOSYSTEMS AND IMPACTS: GRADE 11 FIELD STUDY Introduction Ecosytems and Impacts is a full-day field study directed by park staff. The field study is designed to cover a portion of the requirements for Biology 20, Unit B: Ecosystems and Population Change. Fish Creek Provincial Park is one of Canada’s largest urban provincial parks, stretching from the western edge of the city to the Bow River. The park has a strong vision within its visitor services program plan to support and foster environmental and cultural education. Alberta Parks acknowledges that Fish Creek Provincial Park is part of the traditional territory of Treaty 7 region in Southern Alberta, which includes the Blackfoot Confederacy (comprising Siksika, Piikani and Kainai First Nations), the Tsuut’ina First Nation, and the Stoney Nakoda First Nation. The City of Calgary is also home to Metis Nation of Alberta, Region III. Table of Contents BEFORE THE VISIT APPENDIX • Preparation 3 • Map to Fish Creek PP 32 • Vocabulary and Definitions 4 • Key Messages 7 • Pre-trip Discussion 8 YOUR DAY IN THE FIELD • Schedule 13 • Student Data Forms 14 2 FISH CREEK ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTRE Before the Visit PREPARATION What to Bring It is most important that you, your students • Extra clothing (rain gear, warm layers) and your volunteers/chaperons know and • Boots, insulated and waterproof if the understand that your field study will be an weather calls for it “OUTDOOR” experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Declines of Populus Tremuloides in North America Linked to Climate ⇑ James J
    Forest Ecology and Management 299 (2013) 35–51 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Managemen t journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Recent declines of Populus tremuloides in North America linked to climate ⇑ James J. Worrall a, , Gerald E. Rehfeldt b, Andreas Hamann c, Edward H. Hogg d, Suzanne B. Marchetti a, Michael Michaelian d, Laura K. Gray c a US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Gunnison, CO 81230, USA b US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID 83843, USA c University of Alberta, Dept. of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1 d Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 article info abstract Article history: Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) recently experie nced extensive crown thinning,branch dieback, Available online 29 January 2013 and mortality across North America. To investigate the role of climate, we developed a range-wide bio- climate model that characterizes clima tic factors controlling distribution ofaspen. We also examined Keywords: indices of moisture stress, insect defoliation and other factors as potential causes of the decline. Historic Decline climate records show that most decline regions experienced exceptionally severe droug htpreceding the Dieback recent episodes. The bioclimate model, driven primarily by maximum summer temperature sand April– Die-off September precipitation, shows that decline tended to occur in marginally suitable habitat, and that cli- Drought matic suitability decreased markedly in the period leading up to decline in almost all decline regions. Climate envelope Climatic niche Other factors, notably multi- year defoliation bytent caterpillars (Malacosoma spp.) and stem damage by fungi and insects, also play a substantial role in decline episodes, and may amplify or prolong the impacts of moisture stress on aspen over large areas.
    [Show full text]
  • '-Sp-Sl'-' University Dottawa Ecole Des Gradues
    001175 ! / / -/ '-SP-SL'-' UNIVERSITY DOTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES JOSEPH DUBUC ROLE AND VIEWS OF A FRENCH CANADIAN IN MANITOBA l870-191l+ by Sister Maureen of the Sacred Heart, S.N.J.M. (M.M. McAlduff) Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa through the Department of History as partial ful­ fillment of the requirewents for the degree of Master of Arts ,<^S3F>a^ . LIBRARIES » Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1966 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UMI Number: EC55664 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform EC55664 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 UNIVERSITE D'OTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was prepared under the guidance of Dr. Alfred Vanasse of the Department of History. The writer wishes to thank him for his helpful direction, doubly appreciated since it had to be given entirely by mail. The writer also expresses gratitude to Archivist Hartwell Bowsfield and Assistant Archivist Regis Bennett of the Provincial Archives of Manitoba; to the Chancery staff of the Archiepiscopal Archives of St.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Annual Report
    Westman Agricultural Diversification Organization 2013 Annual Report Scott Chalmers [email protected] 139 Main St P.O. Box 519 Melita, MB R0M 1L0 Phone: 204-522-3256 Fax: 204-522-8054 Funded by: Table of Contents 2013 Industry Partners .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Farmer Co-operators – 2012-2013 Trial Locations .................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 WADO Staff ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Got An Idea? .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 WADO Directors ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2013 Weather Report and Data – Melita Area .......................................................................................................... 7 2013 Precipitación & Corn Heat Unit (CHU) Maps .................................................................................................... 8 WADO Tours and Special Events
    [Show full text]
  • Holocene Stratigraphy and Geomorphology of Flintstone Hill
    Document generated on 09/25/2021 12:20 p.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Holocene Stratigraphy and Geomorphology of Flintstone Hill, Lauder Sandhills, Glacial Lake Hind Basin, Southwestern Manitoba Stratigraphie et géomorphologie holocène de la Flintstone Hill (Lauder Sandhills) dans le bassin du Lac glaciaire Hind, dans le sud-ouest du Manitoba Estratigrafia y geomorfología holocena de la región de Flinstone Hills (Lauder Sandhills) en la cuenca del Lake glaciar Hind en el sudoeste de Manitoba, Canadá Garry L. Running, Karen G. Havholm, Matt Boyd and Dion J. Wiseman Drylands: Holocene Climatic, Geomorphic and Cultural Change on Article abstract the Canadian Prairies Sediments exposed at Flintstone Hill in a Souris River cutbank provide the Volume 56, Number 2-3, 2002 most complete postglacial stratigraphic section in the Glacial Lake Hind Basin (GLHB), southwestern Manitoba. Four lithologic units, A-D, are observed: A1 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/009112ar (~2 m thick), glaciolacustrine silts and clays that grade upward to peat and DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/009112ar record final regression of Glacial Lake Hind (~10 500-9300 BP); A2 (~1.5 m thick), low energy fluvial marl and silts grading to O-horizon(s) (by 6700 BP); B (1.5 m thick), dune sands that migrated from the southwest, contrary to the See table of contents modern wind regime (after ~6700 BP); C (1.0 m thick), thin fluvial deposit between eolian sand sheets (~5500-3200 BP); D (up to 7 m thick), parabolic dune on the modern landscape oriented consistent with the modern wind Publisher(s) regime, blowouts suggest episodic dune reactivation (~3200 BP to present).
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Canadian Experience
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences Great Plains Studies, Center for May 1997 Farmsteads as Mirrors of Cultural Adjustments and Change: The Ukrainian Canadian Experience James W. Darlington Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Darlington, James W., "Farmsteads as Mirrors of Cultural Adjustments and Change: The Ukrainian Canadian Experience" (1997). Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 309. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/309 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Great Plains Research 7 (Spring 1997):71-101 © Copyright by the Center for Great Plains Studies FARMSTEADS AS MIRRORS OF CULTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND CHANGE: THE UKRANIAN CANADIAN EXPERIENCE James W. Darlington Brandon University Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9 Canada Abstract. Farmsteads reflect more than the nature and health of agricul­ tural activity on individual farms and across geographic regions; they pro­ vide a reliable record ofother aspects ofcultural and economic adjustment and change. This paper considers the farmsteads constructed by the Ukrai­ nian immigrants and their descendants who settled in one district of the Canadian prairies beginning in 1896. A field survey of four townships reveals that between the time of initial settlement and the present four distinct generations offarm structures were erected.
    [Show full text]
  • Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN): a Community Contributed Taxonomic Checklist of All Vascular Plants of Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeysDatabase 25: 55–67 of Vascular(2013) Plants of Canada (VASCAN): a community contributed taxonomic... 55 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.25.3100 DATA PAPER www.phytokeys.com Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN): a community contributed taxonomic checklist of all vascular plants of Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland Peter Desmet1, Luc Brouillet1 1 Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, H1X2B2, Montreal, Canada Corresponding author: Peter Desmet ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vishwas Chavan | Received 19 March 2012 | Accepted 17 July 2013 | Published 24 July 2013 Citation: Desmet P, Brouillet L (2013) Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN): a community contributed taxonomic checklist of all vascular plants of Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland. PhytoKeys 25: 55–67. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.25.3100 Resource ID: GBIF key: 3f8a1297-3259-4700-91fc-acc4170b27ce Resource citation: Brouillet L, Desmet P, Coursol F, Meades SJ, Favreau M, Anions M, Bélisle P, Gendreau C, Shorthouse D and contributors* (2010+). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). 27189 records. Online at http://data.canadensys.net/vascan, http://dx.doi.org/10.5886/Y7SMZY5P, and http://www.gbif.org/dataset/3f8a1297- 3259-4700-91fc-acc4170b27ce, released on 2010-12-10, version 24 (last updated on 2013-07-22). GBIF key: 3f8a1297-3259-4700-91fc-acc4170b27ce. Data paper ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.25.3100 Abstract The Database of Vascular Plants of Canada or VASCAN http://data.canadensys.net/vascan( ) is a comprehen- sive and curated checklist of all vascular plants reported in Canada, Greenland (Denmark), and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France).
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendations for the Collection and Use of Native Plants
    Recommendations for the Collection and Use of Native Plants Native ecosystems can never be replaced. Conservation of remaining plant communities must be considered an important priority because of the many economic, spiritual, medicinal, and sociological values that are associated with them. The genetic diversity of these well adapted ecosystems is also of key importance. All native plant species in any given area should be considered of value to that area. Our ability to reclaim or revegetate areas should never be an excuse for destruction of native plant communities. However, if areas are to be destroyed this presents an opportunity for collection of native plants. This brochure reflects our current understanding of conservation and use of native plants. As we learn more about how plant communities develop and ‘maintain themselves, about the genetics of individuals and populations, and about what succeeds and fails in harvesting, growing, and using native plants, we will continue to update these recommendations. Included in this brochure is a list of further readings that you may find helpful in working with native plants. Know Your Species 1. Know the flora of the area before you collect. Avoid uncommon, rare, or endangered species for that area. 2. Identify plants before collecting seeds or cuttings. 3. Collect from large local populations, both to maximize genetic diversity of your collection and to minimize effects on the natural population. 4. Report occurrences of rare species to: 5. University of Saskatchewan Fraser Herbarium (966-4950); or Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre (787- 7.198). Use Local Genotypes 1. NATIVE: indigenous, originating in a certain place.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium Concentrations in Brine Springs Near Lake Winnipegosis
    Lithium concentrations in brine springs near Lake Winnipego- GS2018-10 sis, west-central Manitoba (parts of NTS 63C, 62N16, 62O12, 13) 1 In Brief: by M.P.B. Nicolas and S.E. Grasby • Brine springs along Lake Winnipegosis contain low levels of lithium, averaging Summary 1263 ppb The most common and cost-effective source of lithium within the brine deposits • Goundwater mixing has diluted the lithium concen- are deep brines in continental sedimentary basins. Southern Manitoba has a complex tration coming out from the springs groundwater aquifer system, with salinities ranging from brines in the deeper aquifers • Deep subsurface Winnipeg and brine springs to freshwater in the shallower and eastern aquifers. The brine springs Formation brines have good potential as a lithium source occur along and near the shores of Lake Winnipegosis on large salt flats and have chemi- cal signatures indicative of mixed halite dissolution brine and freshwater. Lithium concen- trations in these brines range from 150 to 6300 ppb, with an average of 1263 ppb. Citation: Nicolas, M.P.B. and Grasby, S.E. 2018: Lithium concentra- Introduction tions in brine springs near Lake Saline groundwater in continental sedimentary basins are generated from evaporitic Winnipegosis, west-central Manitoba (parts of NTS 63C, concentration and/or halite dissolution, where the former is a primary process and the 62N16, 62O12, 13); in Report latter is a secondary (diagenetic) process (Clayton et al., 1966; Walter et al., 1990). Both of Activities 2018, Manitoba these mechanisms provide opportunities for trace elements to accumulate, potentially Growth, Enterprise and Trade, Manitoba Geological Survey, reaching economic concentrations.
    [Show full text]