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The Sustainable Harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products in China Strategies to Balance Economic Benefits and Biodiversity Conservation

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The Sustainable Harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products in China Strategies to Balance Economic Benefits and Biodiversity Conservation Sino-German Symposium 2006 The Sustainable Harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products in China Strategies to balance economic benefits and biodiversity conservation Symposium Proceedings Sponsored by the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion, Beijing Editors: Christoph Kleinn, Yongping Yang, Horst Weyerhäuser, Marco Stark I PREFACE Non-timber forest products, or NTFPs, include a large variety of products. In different regions different products are relevant. In China, most prominent are medicinal plants; several thousand plant species form the basis for the traditional Chinese medicine. Many other products are important, for subsistence of the rural poor or even for high value and high revenue export, such as the Matsutake mushroom which is exported mainly to Japan. Only few products, though, like rattan and bamboo, have a huge industry behind them, and have correspondingly been researched intensively. That research lead also to domestication and the establishment of plantations which has taken away to some extent the pressure on the natural resource. Other NTFPs, however, are being over-harvested, some are even regionally extinct. Given the huge number of species harvested, utilized and traded, NTFP management becomes also a biodiversity conservation issue. The state of knowledge of and research about different NTFPs is extremely unbalanced: much is known about some, and close to nothing about others. NTFPs and their sustainable management for biodiversity conservation constitute a multi-facetted complex system. The challenges are manifold. We are convinced that they can be tackled best by efficient and trustful cooperation of experts from different disciplines and different regions. That was the reason why we convened a first Sino-German Symposium at Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany, 13-17 March 2006, inviting about 10 experts from different research institutions in China and 10 from Germany. This Symposium was an excellent opportunity to bring together research groups from different institutions of China and Germany – and it is expected that it was the starting point for promising future cooperative activities. Figure 1: Participants of the Sino- German Symposium 2006 in Göttingen II In this proceedings volume, the presentations given at the Symposium are compiled together with a summary of the final discussions outlining promising future paths of joint research. An International Symposium like this one can only be organized with the active and proactive support by many. We are indebted to Mr. Haijun Yang, Ms. Marion Hergarten and Mr. Torsten Sprenger for their excellent role in facilitating the smooth flow of the Symposium. Mr Sprenger deserves particular thanks for his efforts in putting together the manuscripts for this Proceedings Volume. The Sino-German Center for Research Promotion in Beijing, a cooperation between the German (DFG) and the Chinese Science Foundation (NSFC), made the Symposium possible through its financial support. We express our sincere thanks for this support and also for the fact that a high ranking staff of the Center, Dr. Zhao, gave us the honor to deliver the opening address for the Symposium. Yang Yongping and Christoph Kleinn Marco Stark Director, Centre for Tropical and Deputy Director Subtropical Agriculture and Forestry; and Director Institute of Forest Management CIM Integrated Expert Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Kunming Institute of Botany – KIB Germany Chinese Academy of Sciences Büsgenweg 5 Heilongtan, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China 37077 Göttingen, Germany Tel: +86 - 871 - 5223014 Tel: +49 [0]551 39-3472 Fax: +49 [0]551 39-9787 Fax: +86 - 871 - 5216350 Horst Weyerhäuser Country Representative World Agroforestry Center - ICRAF, Beijing 12 Zhongguancun Nan Dajie, CAAS mailbox 195, Beijing 100081 Phone: +86-10-62119430 Fax: +86-10-62119431 III TABLE OF CONTENTS SYMPOSIUM FINDINGS Christoph Kleinn, Marco Stark, Yang Yongping, Horst Weyerhäuser: Symposium Conclusions................................................................................................... - 1 - SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS Yang Yongping, Marco Stark, Christoph Kleinn, Horst Weyerhäuser: Research on non-timber forest products: a rewarding subject for joint projects between Chinese and German research institutions .......................................................... - 7 - Christoph Kleinn: Forest inventories: resource data provision as basic component of sustainable management of the forest resource, including non-wood forest products....................... - 13 - Achim Dohrenbusch Forest management systems and diversified production - Principles of sustainable management of renewable resources............................................................................... - 22 - Ji-Kai Liu: Secondary metabolites and their biological activities from mushrooms under forest in China........................................................................................................................... - 29 - Xuefei Yang, Jun He, Chun Li, Jianzhong Ma, Yongping Yang, Jianchu Xu: Management of Matsutake in NW-Yunnan and key issues for its sustainable utilization ........................................................................................................................ - 48 - Lan Wang and Zhu-Liang Yang: Wild edible fungi of the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China.............................. - 58 - Lou Yiping andMiao Lijuan: Prospective Strategy on Biodiversity Conservation in Bamboo based Forest Ecosystems in Tropical and Subtropical China............................................................... - 66 - Susanne Stoll-Kleemann: Barriers and Success Factors for Implementing Mechanisms for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity ......................................................................................................... - 75 - Yuanchang Lu， Shougong Zhang, Xiangdong Lei, Knut Sturm: Development of Planning System of Close-to-Nature Forest Management for Multiple Benefits Ecological Forestry in China.............................................................. - 82 - Zheng Baohua: Collective Action for Promoting Communities’ Marketing Capacity: Sustainable NTFP Management in the Context of the Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) Mechanism .............................................................................. - 91 - Marco Stark, Dong Min, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Yang Yongping: Certification of Non-Timber Forest Products: potential pathway toward balancing economic and environmental goals in Southwest China................................................. - 97 - IV Michael Mussong: Silviculture for wood and NTFP production in tropical rain forests: contradiction or chance? Examples from the South Pacific Islands.................................................... - 109 - He Jun and Horst Weyerhaeuser: Strengthening farmers access to forests for sustainable use of Non Timber Forest Products: Lessons based on community managed Matsutake mushroom and bamboo shoot collection in Yunnan province, Southwest China.................................. - 118 - Hubertus Pohris and Holm Uibrig: Interrelationship between the ontogenetic type of pine trees and the resin production potential ...................................................................................................... - 128 - Carol M. Grossmann: Non Wood Forest Products in Timber Production Forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia ....................................................................................................................... - 139 - Thomas Sikor, Nguyen Quang Tan, and Tran Ngoc Thanh: Assessment tools for forestry decision-makers - Experience from forest devolution in Vietnam’s Central Highlands.................................................................................... - 145 - Michael Böcher, Xiao Jianmin, Max Krott: Transfer of scientific expertise into successful forest policy - concepts for the evaluation and monitoring of sustainable forestry in China.......................................... - 157 - Nana Künkel: Soil conservation policies in China: Capacities for sustainable resource use ............... - 167 - Marion Karmann: Certification issues in responsible utilization of renewable natural resources .............. - 176 - APPENDAGE Symposium Program..................................................................................................... - 184 - Participants from China................................................................................................. - 188 - German Participants...................................................................................................... - 191 - Annex (FAZ, 20.03.2006)............................................................................................ - 191 - - 1 - SYMPOSIUM CONCLUSIONS Compiled by: Christoph Kleinn, Marco Stark, Yang Yongping, Horst Weyerhäuser: The overall goal of the envisioned research cooperation between Chinese and German research institutions is to improve the knowledge base on the sustainable harvest and utilization of NTFPs for the benefit of the rural poor. We argue that the potential of the NTFP resources for this purpose is not yet fully realized and the respective strategies and policies not yet effectively implemented, or, that appropriate policies are lacking. Truly trans- and interdisciplinary research is required. The large variety of NTFPs and their different characteristics and uses opens up a wide field of research covering various disciplines
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