JANDARMERIA ROMÂNĂ No. 5 / 2017 Member of ELEMENT Network summary

GENDARMERIE TODAY

2. "Gendarmerie, we bow" Captain Gheorghe ENE 8. 100% CT Captain Gheorghe ENE

GENDARMERIE AND PUBLIC ORDER CULTURE

12. Stability operations, the solution against threats Ernest J. HEROLD 16. NATO Stability Policing Centre of Excellence, a key role for the Romanian Gendarmerie Colonel Andrea PARIS 18. A new concept in the field of security Colonel Mihai CRISTIAN

GENDARMERIE IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

22. Security, a challenge of this millennium Captain Casandra ILIE 25. Romanian Gendarmes abroad... Captain Casandra ILIE 30. European Union Police Services Training II Antonio ANAYA LORITE

EDUCATION, TRADITIONS AND MILITARY HISTORY

32. History file Captain Casandra ILIE

JANDARMERIA ROMÂNĂ Magazine published by the General Inspectorate of Romanian Gendarmerie EDITORIAL OFFICE - founded on the 15th of December 1922 Lieutenant-colonel Sorin DESPINA entitled ”Gendarmerie Magazine” - Captain Casandra ILIE General Inspectorate of Romanian Gendarmerie Captain Gheorghe ENE Magazine “Romanian Gendarmerie” NCO Cristian DUMITRU ISSN-L 1843 - 388X NCO Nicoleta SANDU Address: Strada Jandarmeriei nr. 9-11, Sector 1, Bucureşti NCO Florian GRIGORE Telephone: 0040 21 409.65.01 Fax: 0040 21 319.80.52 E-mail: [email protected] Translation by: Captain Mihaela IVANOVICI (S.A.O.J.R.M.V.), The authors are fully responsible for the opinions/views Major Liliana RUSU (S.M.S.J. Fălticeni) expressed in this magazine. editorial Together

We talk more and more about national and international security. Until lately, the risks and vulnerabilities were related to the geographical position and the size of the neighboring states.

In the new era of globalization, the states, as actors of granting security, are facing new challenges, which are determined by the economic, political, financial, social relations and even by image factors. In a world of great conflicts, the poverty, organized crime, lack of food, access to different resources, migration are the main factors that influence citizens’ life on a daily basis.

Under these circumstances, the public order forces must foresee the intercourses between the international threats and the internal evolutional processes and to expand their cooperation, including common use of their own capacities. I sincerely hope that the countries and the international bodies, to whom we belong to, will always find a way to solve peacefully the present and future conflicts.

There could be a lot to say about the international organizations in which Romania, through the Romanian Gendarmerie, takes part, about the causes of today’s conflicts or international security’s threats, but I underline only the need to learn how to cooperate, to accept one another, with good and bad sides, as individuals, nations or regional and international organizations.

Only through cooperation, mutual understanding and acceptance, the world we live in can survive and prosper.

Moreover, the institutions must accept an enhanced pro-active participation of the civil society in the decision making process, in order to respond more adequate to the possible situations that can easily evolve into riots, affecting the public order and safety.

When we succeed to develop a capacity truly capable to react to the future threats, to fight against terrorism and to ensure the public order, only then we could say that we achieved to bring back our freedom. This freedom will contribute to the development of good governance and its results of success will be in the benefit of us all! e Brigadier-General Marin ANDREIANA

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”Gendarmerie, we bow”

Most of the time, they know when they go on mission but do not know when they're back. No mission resembles the other. It sometimes happens to leave the base to ensure public order at a protest, then to be announced that a team needs to support another in order to execute a warrant or a search warrant. Then perhaps they need to go ensuring public order at another protest and, in the next second, to intervene for its restoration or even maintaining public order, working side by side with other structures. So monotony cannot find its place in the missions of our colleagues. Between two identical missions to ensure public order there are always other situations, other people.

The gendarmes come to the unit as in any other day, regardless of the activities they are to perform.

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”Gendarmerie, we Captain Gheorghe ENE bow”

They get all the equipment, and this does not just involve the baton, the helmet, the protective mask, but also the necessary documents for the mission. The officer determines how they are assigned on that day, then they follow a briefing about the missions they have to accomplish. They go in the field, in the street.

#The risks are high and there is no rule and not everything ends like in the movies. Sometimes things are not so good for people who wear the uniform. Citizens, most of them, have figured out who the gendarmes are and what’s their role in the society. The missions aren’t so easy, but they are always present, no matter what. And they often risk their lives, though they are also people with family and children...

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Perhaps this plea that I support for my gendarmerie colleagues is more or less subjective, but reality equalizes this collegial subjectivism and comes to reinforce what I said earlier. The facts, however, cling to objectivity. The best example that comes to mind now is that of the wounded gendarme during the protests in Victory Square. Some hooligans wanted to infiltrate among the peaceful protesters and ruin the good course of the demonstration, turning it into a street fight. This has not happened, of course. It would not have been the first time the gendarmes were confronted with such situations. And they managed! They isolated the turbulent ones and protected the people who had gone to the street in a civilized way. Yes! But what’s the price for all this? Three gendarmes were injured. One of them, in serious condition. He lost his ability to see with one eye again! He was there to protect the people. Newspapers, television, facebook are feeling sorry for him and they are being supportive for the gendarmes in those moments. Everywhere there are titles such as "The gendarme wounded in Victory Square’s protests was lifely injured. A man forever mutilated."

A brick in his eye was fatal. On Facebook, the ophthalmologist Monica Pop said that "the young gendarme seriously injured with a brick in the eye in Victory Square, unfortunately remained with an eye condition: he still has about 25 percent of the normal sight. It’s an aggression with serious and irreversible consequences! Sacrifice! A man who has been mutilated by some lunatics!"

Reality or news topic? Breaking news? Social empathy? Who cares? The gendarme who lost his sight certaintly did not. He will be a news subject for a month, two, three, then he will be forgotten. Perhaps no one will remember him. Will he be rewarded? Who knows? And what reward could exist that would ever compensate for his health? None! Whatever it is, things are irreparable! He is a man who is mutilated not only physically, but also mentally, spiritually. He is a man who will never be the same again! Sometimes the natural course of things can be interrupted by... a brick that is moving in Photos: Răzvan BĂLTĂREŢU a slow-motion to a man, hitting a family.

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#11 years... Her name is Marilena Şoavă and she is an N.C.O at the Bucharest Gendarmerie General Directorate. Her work has been in the field of public order since the beginning, nearly 11 years since he had fulfilled her dream of becoming a gendarme. Asked why she wanted to wear the military uniform, Marilena replied that the Gendarmerie had certain values, and "dignity is the supreme value that attracted her to this institution. The uniform must always be worn with dignity."

#Protest in Victoria Square

This time, the protesters were among each The agitators had serious thoughts! Molotov social categories, regardless of age. Unlike other cocktails and knives were seized. The gendarmes situations, when people who participated at the succeeded in creating a cordon of order and protests belonged to a certain category of groups separating the peaceful people from violent (for example, only supporters organizing protests groups. People in the square booed! They did not on different themes or retirees who pleaded for agree with the violent actions of the agitators! their rights), this time, things were different. Other colleagues, since the intervention, have "There were people who wanted to communicate removed the violent groups from the square that with us, they did not come in order to be violent, have withdrawn on Lascăr Catargiu Boulevard but on the contrary, they were civilized. And they and Victoria Street Way. An advertising stand were really open! They had certain dissatisfactions, was on fire... but they understood that we were there to make sure that the protests would unfold without violence" our Following the incident, peaceful protesters colleague said. retreated to the Antipa Museum, Kiseleff Road, and Aviatorilor Boulevard. Some of them started But at one point, on the evening of February to leave. A strong smell of tear gas was felt in the 1, a group of agitators, members of the galleries, square, and people covered their mouths with threw with crackers, stones, snowballs with ice, collars and retreated because of the smell. Some bricks or pyrotechnic objects to the gendarmes, came with the kids. challenging them. The intervention was necessary, and our colleagues used tear gas.

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Even if the peaceful protest was troubled by we bend", and the people shook hands over the that small group, everyone understood the fence with the gendarmes. situation. In the following evenings, people came to the square with coffee and tea that they In a few evenings, the theme was tulips. gave to gendarmes. Some offered them flowers. Several protesters kept these flowers in hand to Impressed, Marilena said that "it was a form of share them with the gendarmes. They brought respect for us that we were there just to protect them. the tulips as a sign of solidarity with those who They understand that." manifested peacefully to amplify the message of non-violent protest. After the demonstration from Wednesday night to Thursday in Victoria Square degenerated into Our colleague tells me excited about how she incidents, the gendarmes called on protesters to was really impressed by the women who came separate themselves from the hooligans. with their children! "They came with the children in their arms and gave us flowers, thanking us this Again, the evening comes, and large groups of way! And the children were delighted! As for us, the people are coming from the subway and adjacent gendarmes ... we are neither pro nor counter! I was boulevards, heading for Victoria Square. Some there only to protect them during their democratic are accompanied by children that they hold by demonstration! We are militaries!" Most of the hand or carry them on their shoulders. They time, the children wanted to take pictures of the have flags, whistles and banners. gendarmes, being impressed by the uniforms and the materials the men of law had in their The demonstrations in Victoria Square in hands! As an ample protest, our colleagues were the capital, as well as in the country, lasted equipped with materials that children do not see about seven to eight hours each evening. Each every day on the street, at other structures! time the protesters applauded the gendarmes before going home. Every time, to the end of the demonstration, when there were hundreds of people in thesquare, people chanted the "Gendarmes are with us" and "Gendarmerie,

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#Gendarmerie seen through Indeed, that’s the way it works and, when a woman's eyes people show you some gratitude, you feel a professional fulfillment, which seems to have Even if the weather is not always favorable, long been hidden, dusty, waiting to come to even if it is raining or snowing, our colleague light! When you see a lot of people acclaiming, does not consider these things an inconvenience. looking at you in the eye and saying "thank "It’s simple! When you do what you like, such things you", time stops for a second, as if to keep the don’t matter any more! And then, in any profession intensity of that moment! there are advantages and disadvantages! I think if you do what you like, you do not have to work a day Just as another colleague used to say and out of your life!" he said it well, because I do not think there is a gendarme that does not come up with these I asked her how to deal with colleagues and she words, "the appreciations we’ve got made us corrected me! "I call them comrades! Because we are forget about the cold, the burden of standing, of more than colleagues! After so many hours and years any obstacle... I have waited 12 years for the people of working together, after so many situations we have to shout: "Gendarmerie, we bow!". I am proud!!! been through, we have a very strong connection! We For the first time since I've been working in the are a team!" Gendarmerie, people are shouting at us, in a good sense. I feel excited and feel my work appreciated and She does everything her colleagues do, without understood! " discrimination, without any difference! Because it's not about being a woman or being a man, but And here it’s not about taking sides, but about being a gendarme. And it does not bother about the feeling that those next to you have her, on the contrary. As long as there are women understood what it means to simply do your who work as a pilot, why shouldn’t it be female duty. And in such moments, you feel that being gendarmes also? Although it's not easy, because a gendarmerie is not a profession, it is primarily you have to put on a hard physical effort, the a state of mind. secret is to enjoy it! "I'm a gendarme! I'm doing what a gendarme does in the field of public order and I would never think of doing anything else! I am very #Thank you, people! proud of what I do!"

JUNE 2017- ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE 7 GENDARMERIE TODAY % Captain Gheorghe ENE

At first it was the idea! The idea of a team, cohesion and CTspirit of sacrifice and the need to go beyond the limits, an idea that rooted in collective mentality and materialized in what we know today: The Olympics of counter- 100 terrorist intervention teams.

The contest, which lasted three days, There followed passing the obstacles took place at Gendarmerie’s Training inside. The timer started! Throughout the Center from Ochiuri. It was not easy test, it was not allowed to touch the ground at all, some of the teams being on the with the log. After a crazy run, the teams brink of abandonment. But even when had to overcome the obstacle marked with X they thought they could not go through and at the same time to pass the log over the certain stages of the contest, it seemed fence and climb on the 5-meter rope. Then like their forces were coming back and followed pull-ups at fixed bar. Without too they continued like a tireless Phoenix much rest, the fighters are now facing a new bird. challenge: they must pass the log under the obstacle, but over the dangerous area which First day - team track is considered mined. All these without any safety procedure.

Ten teams of 5 fighters each participated There was also a rocking beam, test in this competition. Equipped with where the device is secured by two fighters training clothing and military overalls, who help their colleagues safely move boots, gloves, hood, multifunctional downwards to the end of the obstacle. The vests, bulletproof helmet, gas mask, fighters place themselves in a line in front handcuffs, climbing harness, carbines of the device and pass one by one on their and pistols, the gendarmes from the stomach, using their hands and feet, while intervention teams fought side by side in the instructor or the colleagues rock the a competition which gave rise to a new beam in different directions to make it training level. difficult for them to advance.

The competition began on Tuesday Competitors move forward and, morning with the team track consisting harnessed, climb up the rope to the in walking a distance of 2.5 km on varied tower. The first fighter is secured by types of ground with different obstacles the instructor while climbing. Once on and moving on a track especially designed the wall, he secures himself with the to challenge the teams and test their climbing harness he had already put on. endurance. Then he removes the initial safety device and sends it down to the next teammate.

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And so, the teams pass one by one over the wall, hurrying to the climbing net. Time is running quickly and the competition does not stop here.

They have an underground passage, so they line up and penetrate into the tube, one after the other.

At the end of the obstacle they have to pass onto a big espalier, a real challenge of balance.

And maybe the most demanding test was the one that followed: the climbing chimney. The gendarmes entered in twos inside a tube, and climbed it by leaning backwards against one side of the wall with the feet on the opposite wall, using the force of arms and legs.

Upon arriving at the end of the tube, they climbed up on the lowering rope and hurried to the inclined plane. Here, they placed their backs against the plane in the form of a human pyramid, until the one at the top was able to grab the rope to get down. The first two fighters who managed to climb helped the other colleagues to climb too. The first day is coming to an end.

The gendarmes reach the barbed wire. Once they pass it, they head for the car, rushing to board. But ... the last obstacle for today: pushing the car on a short distance.

The next day - tactical intervention exercise

The test was practical and focused on the action of a gendarmerie counter-terrorist intervention team to solve a situation in the field of special actions and counter-terrorist intervention.

The exercise was about executing a search and a warrant for bringing offenders before the court. It also involved sequential solving of tactical situations and firing with paint marking ammunition at various objectives: hostile people or targets.

Test development:

The intervention team went by car, from the departure point up to Villa 5, where the action was performed according to the tactical situation.

The team disembarked in the nearby area, shared their tasks and entered the building. While advancing inside, the team came into contact with two hostile armed targets (body guards), disposed in different rooms, consisting in fixed targets, which had to be neutralized by using paint

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The third day – Firing "FX" itinerary

The shooters went to the exercise area, grouped in the same team and firing while correctly identifying the enemies. The objectives (targets) were arranged within an area delimited by two parallel walls marked with doors and windows, corners, hardly visible areas and a floor. All these were ammunition. There were two innocent people (the housekeeper designed to realistically render a street and the hostage) and one person on the name of which was in a city (to adapt specific tactics and issued the warrant. techniques) where the intervention team can correctly identify and neutralize After the extraction from the building, this person was placed threats. Each team was led by its chief, in the intervention vehicle and transported to the marked point without evaluators’ involvement. on the unit’s Central Training Field, when the mission was completed.

"It would have been better to get inside more firmly! “No, we could have been uncovered!" I overheard this talk between colleagues.

On paper, things seem pretty easy. The reality is completely different. You can always be surprised by something. Tactics has its logic, but also its limits... “Tactics stops at the door!” says a colleague smiling! "Indeed, it is good to know it! There are some principles and rules to be observed! But that's it! After that, once you get in, you have to adapt to the given situation! Sometimes, although you're experienced, you get stuck! And then you need to get over it! To release yourself! Every teammate can support you!"

The conclusion of this test is that teams must never forget that they are a group and that no one lags behind! And the group does not have to excel at something; for example to be good at endurance but bad at firing… it won’t compensate! The group must be constant! In such a group you do not need endurance while running 20 km! On the contrary! Such a team needs people who can run up to 200 meters, intensely, quickly and efficiently. That is why the group needs to be balanced. It must have people able to think, to adapt quickly to new situations, often to limit situations! There must be no people waiting for orders. They must act on their own initiative so as to ensure first and foremost individual and group security. They must be psychologically balanced.

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FIRING IN THE FIRING RANGE

The race began by starting the timer at the finish line of the FX track when the team began moving to the firing range. The difficulty consisted in the fact that each fighter had to carry an ammunition box filled with sand in each hand.

When the team reached the waiting line, they put the boxes down, each teammate executed 30 pushups and rushed to the firing range. On their own initiative, the shooter team lifted the magazine, loaded the gun and fired at the multi-faceted target. Careful! On the track, while carrying paint marking ammunition, the fighters came across four posters of wanted persons. They had to fire at them in the firing range. Whoever did not correctly identify the hostile targets was marked down!

The last cartridge fired at the target can be heard. The timer has stopped! Now will be the ranking display. A lot of nervousness! The teams‘ scores are very closer!

Conclusions

Things are perfectible. And the dynamics of changes The teams on the podium received awards and always places us in the situation to learn something, diplomas handed by brigadier general Petrică to desire to improve ourselves. And the laurels of Gearîp, deputy general inspector of the Romanian victory will only make you stay at least at the podium Gendarmerie. He stated "I am pleased to believe that level. At the same time, it leaves the possibility for there will be other editions. Regarding your participation, I improvement to the teams that come up from behind, would point out that you answered "Present" today. Which who always come more prepared and motivated. is very good. Some have also had a period of preparation and, implicitly, a freedom of choice. The fact that you showed a great cohesion within the teams represents for me the guarantee and the certainty that there is indeed this caste spirit. [...]

One of the images I have in my mind is the one with the battering ram held by the colleague from the Gendarmerie General Directorate, who could not hold it anymore and who said "Relax, let me hold it, I’ll hold it!" He sat on his bottom, keeping the battering ram on him, not to let it fall off, not to be penalized! That says a lot about the power of sacrifice! And these are not mere words!"

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In an "unpredictable world, with challenges from the South and the East, NATO itself constitutes an essential source of stability.

Ernest J. HEROLD, NATO Deputy General Assistent for Defence Investments Stability operations, the solution against threats

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At the NATO Warsaw Summit last year, faced At the same time, our leaders acknowledged with an increasingly diverse and demanding in Warsaw that NATO must retain its ability to security environment, our Heads of State and respond to crises beyond its borders, and that Government have placed renewed emphasis on we must remain actively engaged in projecting deterrence and collective defence against threats stability and enhancing international security that originate both from state and non-state through working with partners and other actors; from military forces and from terrorist, international organisations, thereby contributing cyber, or hybrid attacks. to Alliance security overall.

In an unpredictable world, with challenges Heads of State and Government agreed in from the South and the East, NATO itself particular: constitutes an essential source of stability. Our • to provide NATO training to Iraqi security mission is enduring: To ensure that the Alliance and military forces in ; remains an unparalleled community of freedom, • to support the EU’s maritime operation peace, security, and shared values, including SOPHIA in the central Mediterranean; individual liberty, human rights, democracy, • to step up the support to NATO Partners, and the rule of law. in particular those that face difficult security challenges such as Ukraine, Georgia and the In order to manage 21st century conflicts, we Republic of Moldova in the east; and Jordan and need 21st century armed forces. They need to be Tunisia in the south. able to move quickly to a conflict area, and they • and they reaffirmed NATO’s enduring need to be strong enough to have an immediate commitment to ; effect. They need to be given the capabilities to dominate any given situation, and they need So, in execution of these tasks too, we need to to be able to protect themselves and civilians. continuously adapt and make sure that we are And we need forces that are able to stay in the able to support civil administration on a wide- field for as long as it takes to accomplish their range of tasks. Distribution of humanitarian mission. relief. Border control. Providing area security for more focused international and local police activity. Those are just a few examples. In other situations, civil administration and law enforcement capabilities need to be deployed to restore order and to rebuild the underpinnings of a law-abiding and, ultimately, law-respecting society.

JUNE 2017- ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE 13 Stability Policing, understood as a Comprehensive Approach to establish a safe and secure Now we all know environment and to that Stability Policing restore Public Order, mission is not new to is based on close NATO. On the contrary. But our operations, past partnerships with local, and present, have taught regional, and national us that mission success Now, those NATO-led forces have worked authorities, with can be just as hard as very hard to maintain law and order. But their Intergovernmental winning a military deployment was literally what we call a stopgap conflict. measure - born out of necessity, and to restore Organizations, The need for NATO public order under difficult circumstances. Non-Governmental to be endowed with a Organizations, military capability of Ever since, the need of NATO forces indigenous and civil police first emerged performing police duties to fill in a security during the SFOR - gap has evolved to frame the scope of a NATO international police Stabilization Force - Stability Policing concept – to encompass a wide forces, and even with mission in Bosnia and range of scenarios and activities. contractors. Herzegovina. 20 years ago, Allied Command Stability Policing, understood as a Europe identified the so- Comprehensive Approach to establish a called security or law enforcement gap between safe and secure environment and to restore SFOR military capabilities, on the one hand, and Public Order, is based on close partnerships the UN IPTF (International Police Task Force) with local, regional, and national authorities, mission, with no executive powers, one the with Intergovernmental Organizations, Non- other hand. Governmental Organizations, indigenous and international police forces, and even with In a grey area where local police were either contractors. Some of these actors are key in incapable of or unwilling to enforce the law, providing specialized capabilities to address nobody seemed to take responsibility. The specific requirements during a Stability Policing gap was eventually bridged by military forces mission. performing typical tasks of a civil police force: the NATO Multinational Specialized Unit (or Today’s conference (Bucharest, 27th February MSU) which was made up of gendarmerie 2017) and the wide range of stakeholders’ forces. Similarly, an MSU was used in , represented epitomize how much we rely on with KFOR soldiers patrolling the streets, coordination at an international level among investigating crimes, making arrests. security, economic, democracy-building and law enforcement organizations.

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Now is the right time to take the lessons learned from our past NATO This initiative comprises missions, adopt NATO experts, Allied Several efforts are them to modern Nations, partners, industry underway to help meet the and academia to ensure a law enforcement gap at the scenarios, draw from broad discussion. But the international level. The UN, the experience of level of expertise in this room, the OSCE, the EU are all other stakeholders not only benefits NATO and working in various ways and develop the its Allies. It also benefits to generate the capacity to our partner nations and deploy units of civilian police right capabilities international organizations on short notice. They are for a resilient and alike. And ultimately, it will of creating rosters of available robust future NATO course benefit the recipients of professionals, or recently posture, as called for our support deployments and retired officers, who could in Warsaw. projecting stability efforts all move to a crisis quickly. over the world. And they are developing the necessary training to ensure that these Your assessment of our Stability Policing officers can make an instant contribution to law capabilities, today’s requirements and enforcement when they hit the ground. tomorrow’s challenges, is crucial in developing a wider NATO concept, addressing both military But building a self-sustaining civil society and non-military means. requires civilian architects. Human rights and development agencies, to help Government In the 21st century, military success depends experts. Engineers, to help rebuild shattered critically on civilian success - and vice versa. infrastructure. And police, investigators, To quote Harry Truman out of context, they are prosecutors, judges, and wardens to deploy a "two halves of the same walnut". justice system, which allows people to trust in their own society and government again. Again, with my sincere thanks to the organizers and their supporting staffs, I encourage you all Now is the right time to take the lessons to engage in a frank and fruitful debate, and I learned from our past NATO missions, adopt look forward with interest to the conclusions them to modern scenarios, draw from the you will draw here. experience of other stakeholders and develop the right capabilities for a resilient and robust Speech held during the Conference organised future NATO posture, as called for in Warsaw. at the Palace of Parliament, Bucharest, 27th February. As the NATO HQ Focal Point for our Centres of Excellences, I am pleased to see that Allied Command Transformation, the centres and their sponsoring nations are taking a proactive approach in reaching out to Stability Policing communities of interest.

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Col. Andrea Paris (ITA Carabinieri) assumed duty as the Director of the newly established NATO Stability Policing Centre of Excellence in August 2015. His career includes national and international assignments as well as operational deployments to (UN IPTF - 1997/1998), Macedonia (NATO Task Force “Harvest” - 2001) Iraq (Coalition - 2004).

The NATO Stability Policing

Colonel Andrea PARIS, Within NATO, SP represents the enlargement NATO SP COE Director Centre of and the refinement of the idea supporting the NATO Multinational Specialized Units (MSU). Excellence The MSUs have been deployed to several theatres of operations to bridge the so called “security gap”, the grey area between, on one A key role hand, the NATO conventional military forces, which were neither trained nor equipped to for the conduct police activities or to support the indigenous police, and, on the other hand, the Romanian indigenous police, which were either incapable or unwilling to fulfill their duties. Patrolling, Gendarmerie crowd and riot control, and operational support to the indigenous police were the original tasks of the MSUs. Based on this, SP has developed Depicting the NATO Stability Policing Centre of over the time. Today, SP is defined by NATO Excellence (NATO SP COE) is challenging as it is a as “police-related activities intended to reinforce or complex reality, which, first, requires to understand temporarily replace the indigenous police in order what Stability Policing is. to contribute to the restoration and/or upholding of the public order and security, rule of law, and the Stability Policing, or SP, is a relatively new protection of human rights”, where collective name for a set of activities that NATO “reinforcing” means mentoring, monitoring, advising, and other International Organizations, such as the reforming, training, and partnering with and UN and the EU, have performed over the past two means to fully or partly conduct decades, at least, under different names. “replacing” executive police duties.

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The current establishment numbers 36 authorized positions. However, only 33 positions have activated and 32 filled.

The Romanian Gendarmerie is contributing to the NATO SP COE with two Officers, posted in the leading positions of the LL Branch, and one NCO, posted in the E&T Branch. Italy is the other Nation filling positions within the Branch. The LL area has showed itself to be very demanding, since the inception of the COE. No NATO Country, in The NATO SP COE is the Alliance’s hub of fact, has ever operated the LL cycle in the field of expertise for SP, bringing the police dimension SP. Whether LL is well known as a name, it is not into military operations and being the engine widely and deeply known in terms of procedures of the transformation and innovation of the and mechanics, however. Furthermore, it has been Alliance’s capacity in the specific field. a neglected area by all NATO Gendarmeries and Military Police (MP) Forces, which are the prime The NATO SP COE is a joint, multinational contributors to the SP COE. All this results in a NATO Body, established under the provisions very challenging responsibility for the SP COE LL of the Paris Protocol concerning the status of Branch, whose crucial point is not the workload the NATO Headquarters. The Centre is part of a while starting the SP LL cycle within NATO and network of 24 COEs across the world, coordinated spreading a mentality and stimulating the general by the Allied Command Transformation (ACT), LL and the specific SP LL processes within the Norfolk (USA). Italy is the Framework Nation contributing Gendarmeries and MPs. (FN), which provides infrastructure, logistical support, the Director and half of staff, while the Czech Republic, France, Poland, Romania, Spain, The Netherlands, Turkey are the Sponsoring Nations (SNs), providing the rest of personnel. In this regards, the COE, through the LL The FN/SNs totally fund the Centre and give Branch, has recently started a project to elaborate the Director political-strategic guidance, through an Analysis Report concerning the gaps and the Steering Committee, the body where they all the best practices that military planners and sit and vote. Within this establishment, the COE enforcers have identified in the past and current is an independent Body, which is part of NATO SP operations conducted by NATO, in order to but not part of the NATO Command Structure make recommendations to the SP Community of (NCS) nor of the NATO Force Structure (NFS), Interests that is being established. This is the first exclusively subordinate to the FN/SNs. LL project on SP ever implemented within NATO and the SP COE Nations. Besides the declared The NATO SP COE is organized in two areas: result, in the COE’s intent, the project will also the Directorate, which is the command and highlight the need for LL on SP within NATO and control and the support component, and the Staff, prompt a LL mentality within the contributing encompassing 3 Branches, namely, “Doctrine & Forces to the SP COE. Concept Development” (D&CD), “Education and Training” (E&T), “Lessons Learned” (LL). While The NATO SP COE is a new Body, which is the Directorate is all staffed by Italy, apart from the booming at a velocity rate that had never been Deputy Director, who is a Senior Officer serving expected. The Romanian Gendarmerie will have a with the Turkish Gendarmerie, the Branches are key role in it by developing a crucial sector for all staffed by all the contributing Nations. the contributing Gendarmeries and MPs to COE.

JUNE 2017- ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE 17 GENDARMERIE AND PUBLIC ORDER CULTURE A new concept in the field of security

18 ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE - JUNE 2017 GENDARMERIE AND PUBLIC ORDER CULTURE

in the field of security

Colonel Mihai CRISTIAN

One of the main tasks of the Gendarmerie is the protection of the fundamental institutions of the state and the fight against acts of terrorism. For this, important human and material resources are given, and the efficiency of their use is a major concern of the institution.

Currently, ensuring the security of the objectives is based on the adoption of three specific procedures: • physical guard; • monitoring; • supervision; • intervention; • a combination.

The devices are organized with static service elements, mostly located at the access points/ vital or perimeter, and the share is held by the guard and the physical protection. In this context, we believe that it is necessary to develop the concept of supervision and intervention, which implies increasing the weight of the security systems and alarming and transferring the Romanian Gendarmerie personnel to the public space near the objectives, while modifying the way of organizing the intervention.

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GUARDING AND PROTECTING THE OBJECTIVES BY DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT OF "SURVEILLANCE AND INTERVENTION"

Changing the approach of the security concept is determined by the mutations in this area, the current trend being characterized by the shift from human security watching to monitoring, surveillance and intervention.

At the same time, the use of integrated security systems, monitored by dispatchers, reduces the involvement of the human factor in the surveillance process, which creates various advantages, including: extending competencies in the public area, extending the possibilities of simultaneous monitoring of multiple objectives and focus on the improvement of the force The immediate result would be to ensure a permanent presence intervention. in the area of the surveillance and intervention teams for taking the first steps when the secured security objectives are in danger Guarding and protecting the objectives or there is information about the organization of actions that could by developing the concept of oversight and endanger them in order to delimit the areas Protection of guarded intervention involves the reorganization of objects with gendarmes, banning or limiting access to these areas the security and protection system. Thus, it is (according to Law 550/2004, article 53). necessary to act in three directions: They could also easily intervene in support of gendarmerie 1 - the reorganization of security devices by teams that guard and protect the transport of goods and transforming permanent posts into temporary values in their deployment area and may form public order posts, especially when it is not a program with patrols to carry out activities in the area close to the objectives, the public, the abolition of temporary posts and in order to be informed about the operational situation and the setting up of surveillance and intervention combat anti-social facts. patrols from the personnel resulting from the reorganization of the layout elements Within the subunits that ensure the security of the isolated/ conducting the surveillance of the public area dislocated objectives (located at a distance from the mobile in the immediate vicinity of the objectives; detachments/surveillance and intervention groups), surveillance and intervention teams may be established 2 - establishment of regional monitoring consisting of the guard subunits, which are included in the centers; Security and protection layout elements and in the security plans of those objectives. 3 - upgrading the security and alarm systems at the assigned objectives, by installing The application of the new procedure would lead to the electronic security systems and connecting transfer in the public space of the center of the Romanian them to the regional monitoring dispatchers, as Gendarmerie’s guarding activity core, by including the well as installing mechanical security systems. objectives in the unique plan of public order and safety, while setting a protection area of the objectives, assimilated to the responsibility area of the layout elements.

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IMPLEMENTATION STEPS

The development of the concept of supervision • performing the supervision and intervention and intervention in the execution of the guard and of all the objectives mentioned in the legislation, as protection mission involves: well as those in the area of responsibility and on the • reassessing threats and vulnerabilities from established travel itineraries; objectives and identifying those to whom the security • preventing and combating the contraventional and and protection layout elements can be reorganized; criminal phenomenon by increasing the number of • setting regional monitoring centers; gendarmes performing missions in the public space; • implementation/increasing/modernization of • equipping and professionalizing the monitoring security systems, surveillance and alarm systems SPOCs; by the security beneficiaries and their connection to • the large-scale implementation of the technical the gendarmerie dispatchers, according to the legal security systems at the objectives of the Romanian provisions; Gendarmerie; • setting surveillance patrols and permanent • equipping intervention teams with necessary intervention at the objectives where security layout means and materials; elements can be reorganized; • ensuring the maintenance of the means and • reorganizing the structures for the establishment materials used in the mission. of groups of surveillance and public order in the areas where there are objectives secured with guard and protection; • setting special intervention car patrols for the prevention of the criminal and misdemeanor phenomenon in the area near the objectives and the execution of the operative intervention in special situations;

DIFFICULTIES systems (mechanical and physical) perform the mission (why change it if and for M.I.A objectives, they are we are now content!). If, theoretically, the analyzes show hard to identify. the superiority of this new way of But regardless of the difficulties, organizing the guard, practically The costs are relatively high the constantly changing society its implementation faces some even for the connection of forces us to adapt and to be at least impediments, which in austerity technical systems to monitoring in step with its demands. If not, one situations they can be considered as area monitoring, which currently step ahead! major. don’t exist (it is necessary to identify locations for them, then to be equipped, The essential condition for its and professionalized). implementation is the provision of significant funds necessary for Last but not least, we also need the optimal implementation of to keep in mind the reluctance of the technical security and alarm beneficiaries to change the way they

JUNE 2017- ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE 21 GENDARMERIE IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Security, a challenge of this millennium

For four days, approximately 100 NATO high officials and security experts from NATO member countries and partners were present in Romania.

The purpose of this visit was to participate in the Conference and workshop within the project "NATO stability policing capability The workshop was opened on the in emerging security morning 27th February, starting with challenges". 9.00 am, in the presence of: mr. Ernest J. Herold, NATO deputy general secretary for Defense Investment, mrs. Carmen Daniela Dan, minister of Internal Affairs and mr. Dorel-Gheorghe Căprar, President of the Captain Casandra ILIE Commission for Defense, Public Order and National Security from the Chamber of Deputies.

On this occasion, the minister of internal affairs highlighted that, in the current geopolitical context, the fight against threats such as terrorism and criminal activities, as well as the establishment of conditions for stable governance, reconstruction and developments are priorities of specialized structures.

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"Romania is fully committed to the efforts of NATO allies to increase stability and maintain peace in the world's conflict zones. Restoring and maintaining security for the local populations in states or areas affected by conflict or crisis, as well as restoring order or strengthening the rule of law have been the main aims of international activity of Romania's specialized structures", said minister Carmen Daniela Dan.

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The General Inspector of the Romanian Gendarmerie, Brigadier-General Marin Andreiana, said that the opening conference of the workshop offered everyone the opportunity to listen to interested positions from the , the African Union, the European Union and NATO, highlighting their direct involvement in the context of stabilization, with a focus on judicial and police systems. Furthermore, he stated that:

"We also had the opportunity to find out two different perspectives on how to ensure stability following the experiences in Afghanistan: a UN and NATO perspective, both working to have a future for this country. The European Union, following the experience gained in the and up to current commitments, also focuses on strengthening the capabilities of local police forces to ensure a safe security environment for the native population. Everything we have said so far is a component of this remarkable tool you create: the concept of stability police. Once we are able to develop a capability that is genuinely able to react to future threats, to combat terrorism, to ensure peace and public order, we can say that we have truly succeeded in restoring freedom!"

Romania, through the Romanian Gendarmerie, hosted the event as "Sponsor Nation" within NATO Center of Excellence for Stability Operations (NATO SP COE), and the success of the activity will significantly contribute to increasing the visibility of Romania, of The workshop also included representatives of the the Ministry of Internal Affairs and of the Romanian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Gendarmerie, within NATO. Affairs and the Ministry of National Defense.

The project, at its second edition, was structured The Romanian Gendarmerie was represented by into four workshops, and aimed to obtain for the first colonel Lucian Gavrilă - head of the Operational time the approval by the North Atlantic Council, of the Management Department from the General concept of stability operations and the promotion of Inspectorate of the Romanian Gendarmerie, by the the capabilities of gendarmerie-type forces to manage future commander of EUROGENDFOR (European police missions within NATO. Gendarmerie Force) and by lieutenant colonel Sebastian Cucoş - head of the Gendarmerie General Directorate In Romania, the Workshop took place from 27th in Bucharest. February to 2nd March and was held at the Palace of Parliament as well as at "Mihai Viteazul" Application The project's initiative comes as a follow-up to the 2016 School for Gendarme Officers. NATO Summit in Warsaw, where NATO identified the need to stress upon its involvement in the field of stability operations. The first workshop was held in Rome, Italy, and modules 3 and 4 will be organized in Amsterdam (the Netherlands) and Vicenza (Italy).

24 ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE - JUNE 2017 GENDARMERIE IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Romanian Gendarmes abroad...

They are our colleagues. Gone outside the country's borders on international missions. Each of them performs different activities based on key issues when it comes to credibility and the image of the professionalism of the Romanian gendarmes. The following pages are dedicated to them, the colleagues who went to Congo, Afghanistan, Georgia, Ukraine, Haiti, Mali or Poland.

Captain Silviu Octavian Farcaş, West Department FPU Coordinator (MINUSTAH - Haiti)

"Since June 26, 2016, I was appointed on the Operations: during this period (relatively calm position of Departmental FPU Coordinator from a security point of view) characterized by in West Department. West Department is the preparing national elections (first round - October most important of the country's 10 departments 9, second round - 8 January 2017) and preparation because of the capital of Haiti, the city of Port au of the transition / closure phase of the mission Prince. (depending on post-election security situation), operations take place in a mixed system with the West Department has a population of 4.028.705 active participation of NPH (National Police of inhabitants (almost half of Haiti's population) Haiti) and consist of patrols in places and areas with a density of 810 inhabitants / km² and a with high criminality, escorts of convoys carrying national crime rate of 80%. From this position, electoral materials and of VIP delegations, I coordinate the activity of the 4 Established ensuring public order during elections, ensuring Police Units - 600 police / gendarmerie officers, the security of UN facilities and staff ". on three main lines of work: coordinating the operations carried out in the area of competence by FPU; coordinating FPU training activities and conducting inspections / controls.

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NATO Afghanistan

After a year spent away from families, friends and colleagues, in March, the two gendarme officers who participated in Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan returned home, marking the end of their mission.

On 3rd March, colonel Florinel Flueraş and colonel Mihai Iosif arrived at the General Inspectorate of the Romanian Gendarmerie and were welcomed by the institution's command. They were congratulated on the way they performed their mission, but also on the attitude they had in dealing with international partners.

Among the visits and congratulations they found the time to tell us a little about the mission they had just completed, about the feelings, about the most difficult moments.

• What are you feeling now, when you returned from the mission? Colonel Florinel Flueraş: I have the feeling of • Can the experience you gained in this mission fulfillment, of satisfaction that I completed my mission help in your career? successfully, I was appreciated by all the collaborators Colonel Florinel Flueraş: I'm sure it will help me. and commanders that I had there, but I am mostly It was the most interesting professional experience happy that I returned home, to my family, safe and I’ve had. This year, I had the opportunity to evaluate sound. myself, to see where I rank myself in relation to others, Colonel Mihai Iosif: The feeling ... is of fulfillment to figure out what and where I have to improve. and satisfaction. I feel like a real professional and, as Colonel Mihai Iosif: Certainly yes. I wish to use the my superiors said, I think I was a very good ambassador acquired experience. of Romania. During the mission, colonel Florinel Flueraş • The most difficult moments were when ... served as Chief of Support Section - NATO (NFE) Colonel Florinel Flueraş: For me the first month was Funded Equipment, and colonel Mihai Iosif the hardest. After that, I can’t say that it was easy, but served as Advisor of the Chief of Major Staff of I got used to it, I made my contacts, and when you had the Afghan Ministry of Interior. He also served a lot to work, time passed very quickly. as EUROGENDFOR coordinating officer in Colonel Mihai Iosif: The most difficult moments. Afghanistan. For 5 weeks I replaced an American colonel and I was a senior advisor for the Afghan minister of internal For the professionalism demonstrated in affairs. The trust that had been given to me forced me carrying out the entrusted missions, the two to do my best, and to continue the work that he used to officers were decorated. Thus, colonel Mihai do so that no one could feel his absence. Also, a difficult Iosif received "The Meritorious Service Medal" time was in terms of security when the convoy I was from the United States of America, and "Non- in was attacked. Fortunately, the man who wanted to Article 5 NATO Medal" from NATO. Colonel commit suicide did not manage to carry out his plan. Florinel Flueraş also received "Non-Article 5 NATO Medal" from NATO and "The Army Commendation Medal" from the American Defense Ministry.

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Major Gabriel order and in the field of professional Fotescu, mission intervention by non-commissioned • the Expert level aims to prepare EUCAP Sahel Mali officers with execution functions from future instructors in the field territorial or mobile units; of public order and professional "EUCAP Sahel Mali is a mission intervention by training pedagogical of the European Union that provides • in the Intermediate Level, the and methodical qualities in the two strategic training and counseling target audience consists of the areas." experts for the National Police, the commanders of mobile detachments, National Gendarmerie, the National public order companies, territorial We have to say that for the Guard and the line ministries to brigades and departments, in this activity performed within the support reform in security field. case, aiming to improve basic mission, our colleague was practical skills but also to initiate decorated by the EU High Starting with May 2015, I joined them in the activities of Major Representative for Foreign Affairs the training experts and until now, Staff and the implementation of and Security Policy, Federica alongside with an officer from the management-specific techniques; Mogherini, with the European French National Gendarmerie and Union "Common Security" and an officer from the Italian Carabineer • the High Level implies the Defence Policy Service Medal. Troops, I attended the training of improvement of commanders’ over 700 Malian officers and non- training from the Territorial commissioned officers. and Mobile Groups, of the units’ commanders and of the Large Training is structured into four Territorial and Mobile Units’ levels, depending on the positions commanders with attributions in held by the participants and the pre- the field of public order, as well as established modular objectives: of the personnel from the structures subordinated directly to the Central • within the Proximity Level, Unit, with the emphasis in this case the objective of training is the on complex activities of Major Staff implementation of knowledge in the and improving managerial skills at field of ensuring and restoring public command level;

JUNE 2017- ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE 27 GENDARMERIE IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Major Sebastian Tatu, United Nations Mission in Congo - MONUSCO

"We have had a lot of activities lately. The security situation here has deteriorated, due to the political tensions of street violence in most of Congo's big cities. If a month ago there were attending the Medal Parade ceremony of the massacres, where tens of locals were slaughtered • Indian FPU contingent, as representative of FPU HQ with machetes, tortured, raped, this time there are MONUSCO; public demonstrations by opposition representatives, dissatisfied with the fact that the current power, conducting joint training in the field of public order in this case president Kabila and his government, • involving FPU subunits (Formed Police Units within do not want to give up political positions despite the Police Component) and military subunits within constitutional provisions. Force Component.

At the same time, the elections to be held in At present, I am in Cairo, Egypt, where, as an AOC November will be delayed, an additional reason for Instructor (assessment of operational capacity) within dissatisfaction. the Formed Police Assessment Team (FPAT), I assess the operational capability of an Egyptian unit which will Under these circumstances, my activity included: replace another one within the mission. I was proposed by the head of MONUSCO Police and selected by New accompanying the head of the MONUSCO • York. Police in various diplomatic missions/visits; It is an opportunity to promote the image of the Gendarmerie and of our country on which the Egyptians, surprisingly, know a lot of things. Thank you very much for thinking about us. God help us! "

28 ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE - JUNE 2017 GENDARMERIE IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Captain Neculai Oprea, mission under the aegis of the EU in Ukraine - EUAM Captain Sandu Stanciu, mission "EUAM Ukraine is a EU mission aiming to support under the aegis of the EU in Georgia - the process of reforming the civilian security system in EUMM Ukraine. Among the directions for action established by EU member states for Ukraine, Public Order component "As you know, the mission in Georgia began is one of the priorities of the mission, especially because following the peace agreement signed in September of February 2014 events, known as Maidan Revolution, 2008. We are an unarmed mission and we are generated the need for change in the Ukrainian society. permanently patrolling to see if the agreement is respected. Our priorities are:

• to ensure that there is no possibility that the war breaks out again;

• to facilitate access to a normal life for the communities living in the Administrative Boundary Lines (ABL) (we call it border) with Abkhazia and South Ossetia;

• to try to facilitate cooperation between the parties involved in the war;

I was selected to be part of one of the offices On this line, the EUAM Public Order team is working responsible for ABL area with South Ossetia, namely on implementing a new Crowd Management concept Filed Office Gori, which is the most important one. based on principles such as respect for human rights, Since my arrival, I have been distributed in one of dialogue, necessity, proportionality and graduality in the two teams involved in monitoring, analyzing and terms of missions for ensuring and restoration public reporting the situations regarding the normalization order. I am currently involved in two mission projects: and stabilization process of the area. Today, September 25, I was in the responsibility area with two colleagues • implementation of the Policing Dialogue concept is (from Finland and Bulgaria), an interpreter and a one of these. Since June, in partnership with the Czech doctor. Police, was launched a training program for the staff from public order structures to introduce the dialogue The patrol began at 17.00 with a briefing on the between the structures for ensuring and restoring public patrol area, the objectives to be met, checking the two order and the representatives of the people involved in a armored vehicles assigned to the team and also the public assembly as a first step of the activities from Crowd materials (camera, binoculars, GPS, compass, map, Management field; medical kit, stretcher).

• conducting Crowd Management activities in the light After the briefing and radio verification we went into of respecting Human Rights. In cooperation with OSCE- the area of responsibility with the hope that it would ODHIR experts and colleagues from Human Rights and be one of the days when we would not get stuck in the Gender EUAM department, was carried out a training mud and we would not have to use the winch or other course for Ukrainian partners, and three more trainings special ropes to get out of the mud which is part of the in Kiev, L'viv and Kharkiv will take place in October and last days’ landscape, as a result of heavy rains. In the November. area, everything was quiet and we did not discover new elements of the process for creating a border between The feedback was very good, but the success of these the separatist province and the rest of the territory. So steps must result from changing the way in which public much from Georgia. Respectfully…" order structures will carry out Crowd Management activities in the ever-changing Ukrainian society."

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The European Union Police Services Training (EUPST) forms part of a wide-ranging European Union project for the uniform training of European Police Services, as well as the standardisation and integration of techniques, methods, and procedures, to create a common system for action in deployment in crisis situations. EGF Legal & PPIO Assistant In the framework of the European Union Police Services Training II Antonio ANAYA LORITE, ANAYA Antonio (EUPST II) 2015-2018, and financed by the European Commission, from 13rd to 24th March 2017 the Spanish Guardia Civil, in collaboration with the Portuguese National Republican Guard, organized the Training in Civil Crisis Management Exercise, a practical exercise comprising training workshops and practical incident resolution scenarios.

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The exercise was attended by 200 police officers from 13 European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Spain, and the ), as well as 11 countries from the American and African continents (Algeria, Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Guinea- Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Sâo Tomé and Principe, and Senegal).

The EUROGENDFOR staff at work coordinating an incident resolution

The European Gendarmerie Force The Spanish Minister of the Interior, Juan Antonio contributed to the exercise with the expertise Zoido, recalled during his closing ceremony speech that of EUROGENDFOR’s Chief of Operations the aim of this international exercise is to "unify procedures Lieutenant Colonel Gabriel Oanta as Chief of Staff and standardise capabilities to develop more successful civil and of the exercise, Captain Manuel Sacchetto as head military crisis management missions that can be carried out of the Plans Office, and Warrant Officer Marco under a European Union mandate". Tupini as Operations Room operator. The Minister also stressed that "experience tells us that The practical part of the EUPST II exercise when we work together we are more effective; and the more simulated a scenario where an international of us that join this task, the better it will be for all". He later contingent, under the European Union umbrella, thanked all the police forces taking part in the exercise, was deployed in an imaginary country coming highlighting that "involving so many and such diverse out of an armed conflict situation. The transition countries, organisations and institutions for two weeks has from armed conflict to peace involves a gap in been rewarded by a professional enrichment demonstrated in the political leadership and social instability, which is impressive live exercise you have organised... We are today a fertile ground for incidents that the international little stronger in the face of current threats". contingent had to resolve putting into work the theoretical classes given during the two weeks Brigadier General Philippe Rio, Commander of the that the exercise lasted. European Gendarmerie Force attended the closing ceremony, as well as many other local and international authorities.

JUNE 2017- ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE 31 EDUCATION, TRADITIONS AND MILITARY HISTORY

"On Jianu Road, in a wonderful spring coat, beneath a sunny sky, this year, the troops had a parade to commemorate the 10th of May - the Romanian Great Anniversary of our Nation. We always gave this national day, which symbolizes for us the independence and unity of all the Romanians, a special attention and there is not a single one who did not feel vibrating in his soul, awakened by the History sound of music, the cadence of the military marches, the old and deep country love. On this day of national pride, the Romanian comes to see the country's army and all its progress. Thus, in the years of May 10th, airplanes, tanks, antiaircraft File cannons, etc. were seen for the first time. This year, the gendarmes paraded." Captain Casandra ILIE

This was the beginning of the article signed Never before a unit has presented itself better, by the Gendarmerie Magazine in 1933, an article more self-sufficient, more majestic and more aware of written on the occasion of the May 10 celebration. its power. His royal highness, The King, is watching; The Gendarmerie was considered as an "unseen In his eyes pride and gratitude are shinning. In turn, army", but which had been active whenever the the officers of the application school, the students of situation required it, whether at peace or war time. the gendarmerie’s officers school, the school of Oradea Since it was intended to maintain public order with the police dogs, the pedestrian gendarmes, the and respect for laws in urban and rural areas, the mobile legion 5, the motorcycle patrols, and a mounted existence of this institution was considered to be squadron from Durostor and Caliacra legions are "more of an administrative annex", but due to the parading. A sense of admiration, but also of safety and initiative of General Dimitrescu N. Constantin, tranquility, masters the viewers. The Order Army has who understood its importance, the Gendarmerie proved iron discipline and perfect instruction (...) The Army was "taken out of her latent life and brought date of May 10, 1933 will remain in our documents as a to a new, vigorous and young one. "On that historic date and a great celebration of the gendarmerie, important day for every Romanian, officers, pupils, re- as it establishes the beginning of a new era of work and installed and soldiers presented themselves, for the first fruitful progress , for the good and happiness of our time in the history of the Army, for parading in front country." . of King Michael and the high officials of the country. From the writings of our colleagues it has been learned that the gendarmes' parade was a pleasant novelty, and the manner in which they were presented exceeded any expectation "and unanimous acclamations."

Here is how it was seen and then painted the image of the gendarmes present in the parade: "The beautiful blue uniform, on which red and white colors were so harmonious, the slim quiver, adorned with the white plumage, which complemented the gendarmes’ high and tied gown, their sure and proud step, the splendid alignment of the ensemble, all those showed the special training of this institution of internal peace. Hardly had the noise of the cars carrying the antiaircraft cannons disappeared, when, from the distance, a merry, strong, new march could be heard, the prelude to the most beautiful view. Everyone startles, curious eyes can be seen and they are all captivated. On the lime-lined alley in bloom, a blue, sparkling wave, similar to the sea foam, advances majestically. Long applause welcomes the Commander, then the troops; In a few moments enthusiasm captivates everyone. Endless cheers join the march of the most beautiful Arm - the gendarmerie.

32 ROMANIAN GENDARMERIE - JUNE 2017 1916

Leaving home to take part at WWI

2016

Leaving home to take part at NTM Afghanistan