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CHKO Kokořínsko – Předběžné Výsledky Lepidoptera of Kokořínsko Protected Landscape Area – Preliminary Results

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CHKO Kokořínsko – Předběžné Výsledky Lepidoptera of Kokořínsko Protected Landscape Area – Preliminary Results Bohemia centralis, Praha, 27: 365–398, 2006 Motýli (Lepidoptera) CHKO Kokořínsko – předběžné výsledky Lepidoptera of Kokořínsko Protected Landscape Area – preliminary results Vladimír Vrabec Katedra zoologie a rybářství, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 – Suchdol, CZ - 165 21, Česká republika; e-mail: [email protected] ▒ Abstract. The study summarizes present information on fauna of Lepidoptera of the Kokořínsko PLA (Czech Republic, Central and Northern Bohemia, Mělník and Česká Lípa districts) based on material collected by the author in the years 1996 to 2005 on 55 localities. Further information was derived from literature sources and from the study of collections of different authors and also from oral information about occurrences on 38 localities. Thus 394 species from 33 families were confirmed. The following butterfly species protected under present Czech laws were recorded in the past (+) or still persist (*) in the Kokořínsko PLA: critically endangered: Parnassius mnemosyne (+), Maculinea alcon rebeli (*); endangered: Apatura ilia (*), Apatura iris (*), Limenitis populi (*), Papilio machaon (*), Iphiclides podalirius (*). Twenty recorded species with recently documented (*), presently unverified (?) distribution or possibly extinct species (+) are included in one of the categories in the draft of the Red List of the Czech Republic: critically endangered species (CR): Parnassius mnemosyne (+), Colias myrmidone (+), Maculinea alcon rebeli (*), Lopinga achine (+); endangered species (EN): Thymelicus acteon (?), Pseudophilotes vicrama (?), Hyponephele lycaon (?); vulnerable species (VU): Ostrinia palustralis (*), Carcharodus alceae (*), Iphiclides podalirius (*), Satyrium w- album (?), Scolitantides orion (?), Glaucopsyche alexis (*), Polyomatus daphnis (*), Argynnis adippe (*), Minois dryas (+), Erebia aethiops (?), Abraxas grossulariatus (?); nearly threatened species (NT): Aporia crataegi (*), Drymonia obliterata (?). Four butterfly species, known to inhabit the Kokořínsko PLA in the past were not found at present and are supposed to be extinct: Parnassius mnemosyne, Colias myrmidone, Minois dryas, Lopinga achine. A total of 28 Lepidoptera species included in faunistic records of Kokořínsko area in various historical sources were not observed during present field research, but they may still persist in the studied area up to now. Present distribution of the following species requires verification: Caloptilia populetorum, Epicallima formosella, Isophrictis anthemidella, Recurvaria leucatella, Teleiodes fugacellus, Caryocolum 365 BOHEMIA CENTRALIS 27 marmoreum, Anarsia lineatella, Acleris bergmanniana, Acleris rhombana, Hedya salicella, Epinotia tenerana, Dichrorampha plumbana, Thymelicus action, Satyrium w- album, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Scolitantides orion, Aricia agestis, Erebia aethiops, Hyponephele lycaon, Abraxas grossulariatus, Ennomos erosarius, Paradarisa consonaria, Epirrhoe rivata, Eulithis testata, Thera juniperata, Furcula bicuspis, Drymonia obliterate, Cybosia mesomella. Two of them are very improbable: Hyponephele lycaon and Abraxas grossulariatus. On the ground of present study the most significant recent faunistic records are: Maculinea alcon rebeli (second known locality of this taxon in the territory of Bohemia), Stegania cararia (third, respectively fourth locality of this species in the territory of Bohemia), Eucarta virgo (further evidence of this species expansion), Xestia sexstrigata (further evidence of this species expansion). Field research of Lepidoptera in the Kokořínsko PLA is not finished The high diversity of habitats may enable higher species distribution than that detected in present field studies. ▒ Key words: Lepidoptera, faunistics, Czech Republic, Central Bohemia, Kokořínsko PLA, endangered species, protected species Úvod a historie výzkumu Motýli, zvláště velcí a denní, patří mezi relativně dobře prozkoumané skupiny hmyzu na našem území, což je dáno velkým množstvím především amatérských entomologů, zabývajících se tímto řádem. V České republice bylo doposud zaznamenáno 3387 druhů v 76 čeledích, z toho na území Čech 2993 druhů (Laštůvka 1998, Laštůvka et Liška, permanent internet publication). Na mapě České republiky však stále zůstává více málo prozkoumaných oblastí. Jednou z nich je i CHKO Kokořínsko. Oproti jiným turisticky atraktivním oblastem je fauna Kokořínska známa velmi nedostatečně, byť jde o oblast v minulosti i současnosti často navštěvovanou. Pravděpodobně první poznatky o motýlí fauně z území dnešní CHKO Kokořínsko uvádějí Joukl (1910) a Piszczek (1911). Veškeré do třicátých let známé údaje (i jednotlivé a nepublikované z různých sbírek) pak shrnuje Sterneck (1929) ve svém prodromu. Jeho dílo obsahuje zmínky o lokalitách nejen z Kokořínska, ale i z blízkého okolí (hodně údajů je např. z Mělníka, České Lípy, Bělé [? pod Bezdězem] a Mladé Boleslavi). Celkem Sterneck (1929) přímo z Kokořínska uvádí 24 druhů motýlů z lokalit Kokořín, Kokořiner Tal = Kokořínské údolí, Liboch = Liběchov, Mšeno (zde ale není jisté zda nejde o překlep, protože tato lokalita není více zmíněna, zato autor vícekrát uvádí Mešno u Plzně), Schelesen (Bei Liboch) = Želízy (u Liběchova) a Vidim bei Mělník = Vidim u Mělníka. Tyto nálezy už sám Sterneck (1929) považoval za významné, neboť lokality u uvedených druhů uvádí jmenovitě na rozdíl od běžných zástupců motýlů, u kterých pouze číselně odkazuje na 366 Vladimír Vrabec: Motýli (Lepidoptera) CHKO Kokořínsko – předběžné výsledky jednotlivé prameny. Jiným zdrojem starých údajů výhradně o drobných motýlech je soupis Sternecka a Zimmermanna (1933). Z něho by se Kokořínska mohly týkat údaje o 13 druzích z lokalit Liběchov (Liboch) a Mšeno, ze vzdálenějšího okolí pak autoři uvádějí poměrně hodně nálezů z České Lípy (Leipa) a Mělníka (Melnik). Další starý pramen k poznání motýlí fauny severního okolí Kokořínska představují studie Michela (např. Michel 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943a, b), tyto neobsahují údaje z dnešní CHKO, nicméně je v nich velké množství dat z okolí České Lípy. Žádné údaje z Kokořínska neobsahují ani často citované české práce z tohoto a následného období (Skupina pražských lepidopterologů 1935, Wichra 1949, 1965). Novější práce pochází až ze 70. let minulého století (Novák 1975). Autor v letech 1972 a 1973 zkoumal motýlí faunu v okolí Ždírce u Dubé a ve svém sdělení uvádí 10 význačných druhů, které průzkumem zjistil. Jde však pouze o fragment jeho výsledků, neboť v textu zmiňuje, že během uvedených let zaznamenal celkem 310 druhů. Celý seznam nálezů však zveřejněn nebyl. Téměř v současnosti byla motýlí fauna Kokořínska zkoumána pány J. Matoušem (příležitostné sběry v letech 1985–1991, celkem 41 druhů), L. Beranem (příležitostné sběry od roku 1995, větší množství druhů buď pozorovaných nebo ulovených různými metodikami, především materiál získaný pomocí žlutých misek v roce 2003, záznamy jsou částečně uloženy na správě CHKO Kokořínsko), V. Lekešem (v roce 1996 zjistil 34 druhů, rukopisná zpráva je uložena na správě CHKO), S. Valdou (od roku 2002, větší množství druhů). Uvedení kolegové poskytli nezveřejněné výpisy ze svých sbírek, záznamy o svých pozorováních a eventuálně i materiál pro zpracování této studie. Rovněž okolí CHKO Kokořínsko bylo v poslední době zkoumáno, a to díky projektům inventarizace a monitoringu denních motýlů organizovaném Agenturou ochrany přírody a krajiny České republiky (AOPK ČR) v územích národních přírodních rezervací a památek (Vrabec 2005a, b, c, d). Velmi dobré faunistické zpracování je k dispozici z navazující oblasti severních Čech (Vávra et al. 1996), eventuálně z blízkého bývalého VVP Ralsko (Bouma 1983, 1997, Vávra et al. 1997, Solovka 2002), nález řady druhů známých z přilehlých oblastí lze na Kokořínsku očekávat. Autor sám navštěvuje území CHKO Kokořínska nepravidelně od roku 1996, jeho výsledky jsou poskytovány Správě CHKO Kokořínsko formou zpráv, v úplnosti a s komentáři jsou zpracovány níže. Nepochybně zdaleka nejde o úplný seznam motýlů Kokořínska, fauna této oblasti je díky velké stanovištní diverzitě zcela určitě několikanásobně bohatší, v souvislosti s připravovanou monografií fauny této CHKO však má předložený seznam alespoň podat základní informaci pro následný výzkum. 367 BOHEMIA CENTRALIS 27 Metodika a materiál Veškeré nálezy a pozorování autora jsou výsledkem individuálních sběrů a pozorování učiněných během pochůzek po jednotlivých lokalitách v terénu v rámci nepravidelných návštěv a příležitostných individuálních odlovů materiálu na světlo. Materiál byl většinou za pomoci síťky sbírán a obvyklým způsobem smrcen, pouze běžné dobře determinovatelné druhy byly zaznamenávány prostřednictvím diktafonu jako pozorované. Dokladový materiál byl standardním způsobem preparován, lokalizován, určen a uložen do sbírky autora (Vladimír Vrabec lgt., det. et coll., depon. in Krakovany). Determinace byla provedena podle běžných determinačních příruček (zejména Fajčík et Slamka 1996, Fajčík 1998, Razowski 2001, Slamka 1995) v případě nejasností konzultována nebo provedena specialisty – viz výsledky práce. Používaná nomenklatura a systematické uspořádání je dle Laštůvky (1998). Seznam druhů zjištěných autorem byl doplněn o dostupné výsledky všech autorů citovaných v úvodu textu, ovšem jejich materiál s výjimkou materiálu poskytnutého panem L. Beranem z pastí z roku 2003 a částečně kolegou S. Valdou (rok 2005) nebyl autorem revidován a je nutno se spolehnout na původní určení. Přehled lokalit Lokality, které navštívil autor tohoto příspěvku jsou uvedeny a charakterizovány s
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