DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Native and Red Jungle Fowls in Fiji and Western Samoa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Native and Red Jungle Fowls in Fiji and Western Samoa 9 DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Native and Red Jungle Fowls in Fiji and western Samoa Hideji YAMASHITA1), Takao NISHIDA2), Naoki TSUNEKAWA2), Peter MANUEL3), Shin OKAMOTO1), Yoshizane MAEDA1) and Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI1) Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252, Japan Animal Health and Production Division, Ministry of Primary Industry, Suva, Fiji In the present study, genomic DNA was prepared from dried chicken blood sample and subsequently used for analyzing DNA fingerprinting (DFP) of native and Red jungle fowl in the South Pacific Islands. These chicken genomic DNAs were sufficient in quantity and purity for multiple DFP analyses, and chicken blood could be stored for up to 3 months without physical degradation under dry condition. The DFP analyses were carried out by individual and population DFP. Similarities of DFP patterns and genetic distances among fowls in Fiji and Western Samoa were estimated using band sharing (BS) value and the mean number of nucleotide substitu- tions per nucleotide site, respectively. The results of population DFP were under the influence of data in individual DFP. From the BS values and genetic distances, the native fowls in five different islands of Fiji and Western Samoa could be distinguished in each island, and the difference was consistent with geographical distribution. Fijian and Western Samoan native fowls were found to form two separate groups. The Red jungle fowls in Fiji islands were closely related to each other, but were found to be related remotely to Red jungle fowls in Kagoshima University. Therefore, DFP analysis can be used to estimate relative genetic variability and to reconstruct the evolutionary relation- ships in small populations genetically isolated. (Jpn. Poult. Sci., 34 : 9-20, 1997) Key words : native fowl, Red jungle fowl, DNA fingerprinting, genetic relationship, ge- netic distance Introduction There are two theories as to whether jungle fowl is the ancestor of domestic fowl, namely the monophyletic origin theory which Red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) is the ancestor, and the polyphyletic origin theory suggesting Grey jungle fowl (Gallus sonneratii), Ceylonese jungle fowl (Gallus lafayettii) and Green jungle fowl (Gallus varius) other than Red jungle fowl as the ancestors (CRAWFORD,1990). One modern technique for genetic monitoring of domestic animal by using DNA fingerprinting (DFP) was developed by JEFFREYSet al. (1985 a), DFP detects hypervari- able minisatellite regions which consist of tandem repeats of short sequence and have high degree of polymorphisms due to differences in the number of repeats at each Received Feb. 24, 1995 10 Jpn. Poult. Sci., 34 (1) locus. And then, DUNNINGTON et al. (1990) developed 'population DNA fingerprinting' using pooled DNA from random samples of individuals within a population. DFP has been used for identification of individuals (GILL et al., 1985 ; JEFFLREYS et al., 1985 a, b ; BURKE and BRUFORD, 1987), linkage analysis (JEFFREYS et al., 1986 ; GEORGES et al., 1990), assessment of genetic distance between populations in domestic animal (KUHNLEIN et al., 1989 ; DUNNINGTON et al., 1991 ; HABERFELD et al., 1992 ; YAMASHITA et al., 1994) and estimation of relative genetic variability in natural populations (WETTON et al., 1987 ; GILBERT et al., 1990). In the present study, the authors analyzed the DFP patterns obtained from native and Red jungle fowls in the South Pacific Islands in order to clarify their genetic relationships. Materials and Methods Fowls Eighteen Fijian native fowls, twelve Western Samoan native fowls, four Red jungle fowls and three hybrid fowls (Fijian native fowl •~ Red jungle fowl) in Fiji, and six Red jungle fowls in Kagoshima University were used in the present study (Table 1). Blood samples were collected at five different islands (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu , Taveuni, Makogai and Koro) in Fiji and two different islands (Upolu and Savai'i) in Western Samoa and dried onto 3 MM paper (1.5 •~ 15 cm), and then transported to Japan. DNA extraction DNA was extracted from dried blood samples of one to nine individuals from each island. 3 MM paper fixed blood was cut up and suspended in 1% SDS,10 mM Tris-HCl , pH 7.5, 0.1 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA. The solution was then incubated with 100 ƒÊg/ml of proteinase K at 55•Ž for 3h. After phenol extraction, DNA was precipitated by the addition of 2 volumes of ethanol and dissolved in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA. For electrophotoric determination of genomic DNA, absorbancy reading was taken at wavelength of 260 and 280 nm (SAMBROOK et al., 1989). Absorbance at 260 nm (A260) was used to determine the amount of DNA present. An A260 unit of 1.0 indicates 50 ƒÊg/ Table 1. List of fowls used in this study YAMASHITA et al. : DNA Fingerprinting Analysis in Fowl 11 ml of double-stranded DNA. The ratio of absorbances at 260 and 280 nm (A260/A280) was used as an indicator of nucleic acid purity. DNA fingerprinting DFP analyses were performed by using individual DFP and population DFP, which used DNA prepared from individuals and pooled DNA from individuals of each population, respectively. Four of six native fowls in Viti Levu and Savai'i, and all of Red jungle and hybrid fowls in Fiji were used for individual DFP. For population DFP, six of native fowls in each five different islands of Fiji and Western Samoa, and six Red jungle fowls in Kagoshima University were used. DNA transfer and hybrid- ization conditions were similar to those used previously (YAMASHITA et al., 1994). In brief, 10 ƒÊg DNAs were digested with Hinf I, electrophoresed in 1.2% agarose gel and transferred to a positive charge nylon membrane. Synthetic (TG)n polynucleotide (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology) was labeled with Dig-11-dUTP (Boehringer Mannheim) for use as a probe. Chemiluminescent detection was carried out according to manufacturer's recommendation. Similarities of DFP patterns were scored by means of band sharing (BS) value (JEFFREYS and MORTON, 1987), genetic distances were estimated as the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site (NEI 1987, GENTZBITTEL and NICOLAS, 1990), and dendrograms were constructed by the unweighted pair-group method (SNEATH and SOKAL, 1973). Results Preparation of chicken genomic DNA from dried blood sample The results of spectrophototic determination of genomic DNA isolated from chick- en blood dried onto 3 MM paper are shown in Table 2. The amount of chicken genomic DNA prepared from blood samples preserved for one to three months in dry condition were 1.52•}0.63 mg, ranging 0.60 to 2.46 mg. These amounts of genomic DNA were sufficient for multiple DFP analysis in quan- tities. These DNAs were suggested to be sufficiently pure, because the ratio of absorbances at 260 and 280 nm (A260/A280) were ranged 1.85 to 1.99. The agarose gel electrophoresis patterns of genomic DNA prepared from dried chicken blood sample are shown in Fig. 1. Table 2. Recovery of genomic DNA from dried chicken blood (n = 10) Mean•}S.D. Recovery of genomic DNA from fresh chicken blood 12 Jpn. Poult. Sci., 34 (1) Fig. 1. Comparison of agarose gel electrophoresis patterns of genomic DNA prepared from dried chicken blood samples preserved under dry condition. Fragment sizes (kb) are indicated on the left. These chicken genomic DNA showed high molecular weight DNA without tailing and physical degradation when preserved under dry condition. DFP analysis of native fowls in Fiji and Western Samoa islands The DFP patterns, which were produced by Hinf I digestion of DNA from native fowls in five different islands of Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu and Taveuni) and Western Samoa (Upolu and Savai'i), are shown in Fig. 2. The BS values between respective pairs of DFP patterns intra- and inter-island are summarized in Table 3. In individual DFP analysis, the intra-island BS values of Viti Levu and Savai'i were 0.413 and 0.347, respectively. These intra-island BS values were higher than inter-island BS value (0.195). This fact indicated that intra-island individuals were generally more similar to each other than inter-island individuals. In population DFP analysis, all bands that appeared in the population DFP patterns could be traced back to the individual DFP patterns in same population. The BS values within Fijian and Western Samoan native fowls were relatively high, averaging 0.274 and 0.300, respectively. The BS values between Fijian and Western Samoan native fowls (0.186) were lower than these within Fijian and Western Samoan native fowls. The inter-island BS values from population DFP patterns were similar to those obtained in the comparisons of individual DFP patterns and population DFP patterns. In order to illustrate the similarities observed in DFP patterns for native fowls in five different islands, a phenetic classification was carried out. This done on the basis of genetic distances calculated from BS value and presented in Table 3. The dendrogram draw from the genetic distance matrices is shown in Fig. 3. Fijian native fowls in three different islands belonged to the same cluster, and Western Samoan native fowls in two different islands formed another cluster. And then, the YAMASHITA et al. : DNA Fingerprinting Analysis in Fowl 13 Fig. 2. DNA fingerprints of native fowls in Fiji and Western Samoa islands. DNAs were digested with Hinf I, and hybridiza- tion was performed with (TG)n. Vi-1-Vi-4 and Sa-1-Sa-4 are individual DNA fingerprints, and the other are population DNA fingerprints. Fragment sizes (kb) are indicated on the left. Abbreviation of breeding places as follows : Vi, Viti Levu ; Va, Vanua Levu ; Ta, Taveuni ; Up, Upolu ; Sa, Savai'i.
Recommended publications
  • Survival Guide on the Road
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd PAGE ON THE YOUR COMPLETE DESTINATION GUIDE 42 In-depth reviews, detailed listings ROAD and insider tips Vanua Levu & Taveuni p150 The Mamanuca & Yasawa Groups p112 Ovalau & the Lomaiviti Group Nadi, Suva & Viti Levu p137 p44 Kadavu, Lau & Moala Groups p181 PAGE SURVIVAL VITAL PRACTICAL INFORMATION TO 223 GUIDE HELP YOU HAVE A SMOOTH TRIP Directory A–Z .................. 224 Transport ......................... 232 Directory Language ......................... 240 student-travel agencies A–Z discounts on internatio airfares to full-time stu who have an Internatio Post offices 8am to 4pm Student Identity Card ( Accommodation Monday to Friday and 8am Application forms are a Index ................................ 256 to 11.30am Saturday Five-star hotels, B&Bs, able at these travel age Restaurants lunch 11am to hostels, motels, resorts, tree- Student discounts are 2pm, dinner 6pm to 9pm houses, bungalows on the sionally given for entr or 10pm beach, campgrounds and vil- restaurants and acco lage homestays – there’s no Shops 9am to 5pm Monday dation in Fiji. You ca Map Legend ..................... 263 to Friday and 9am to 1pm the student health shortage of accommodation ptions in Fiji. See the ‘Which Saturday the University of nd?’ chapter, p 25 , for PaciÀ c (USP) in ng tips and a run-down hese options. Customs Regulations E l e c t r Visitors can leave Fiji without THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Dean Starnes, Celeste Brash, Virginia Jealous “All you’ve got to do is decide to go and the hardest part is over. So go!” TONY WHEELER, COFOUNDER – LONELY PLANET Get the right guides for your trip PAGE PLAN YOUR PLANNING TOOL KIT 2 Photos, itineraries, lists and suggestions YOUR TRIP to help you put together your perfect trip Welcome to Fiji ...............
    [Show full text]
  • Setting Priorities for Marine Conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion Contents
    Setting Priorities for Marine Conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion Contents Acknowledgements 1 Minister of Fisheries Opening Speech 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 5 1.0 Introduction 7 2.0 Background 9 2.1 The Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion 9 2.2 The biological diversity of the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion 11 3.0 Objectives of the FIME Biodiversity Visioning Workshop 13 3.1 Overall biodiversity conservation goals 13 3.2 Specifi c goals of the FIME biodiversity visioning workshop 13 4.0 Methodology 14 4.1 Setting taxonomic priorities 14 4.2 Setting overall biodiversity priorities 14 4.3 Understanding the Conservation Context 16 4.4 Drafting a Conservation Vision 16 5.0 Results 17 5.1 Taxonomic Priorities 17 5.1.1 Coastal terrestrial vegetation and small offshore islands 17 5.1.2 Coral reefs and associated fauna 24 5.1.3 Coral reef fi sh 28 5.1.4 Inshore ecosystems 36 5.1.5 Open ocean and pelagic ecosystems 38 5.1.6 Species of special concern 40 5.1.7 Community knowledge about habitats and species 41 5.2 Priority Conservation Areas 47 5.3 Agreeing a vision statement for FIME 57 6.0 Conclusions and recommendations 58 6.1 Information gaps to assessing marine biodiversity 58 6.2 Collective recommendations of the workshop participants 59 6.3 Towards an Ecoregional Action Plan 60 7.0 References 62 8.0 Appendices 67 Annex 1: List of participants 67 Annex 2: Preliminary list of marine species found in Fiji. 71 Annex 3 : Workshop Photos 74 List of Figures: Figure 1 The Ecoregion Conservation Proccess 8 Figure 2 Approximate
    [Show full text]
  • Researchspace@Auckland
    http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz ResearchSpace@Auckland Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: • Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. • You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis. To request permissions please use the Feedback form on our webpage. http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/feedback General copyright and disclaimer In addition to the above conditions, authors give their consent for the digital copy of their work to be used subject to the conditions specified on the Library Thesis Consent Form and Deposit Licence. CONNECTING IDENTITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH INDIGENOUS EPISTEMOLOGY: THE SOLOMONI OF FIJI ESETA MATEIVITI-TULAVU A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................. vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Health and Medical Services
    1 MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES January –July Report 2016 December 2016 Hon Rosy Akbar The Minister for Health and Medical Services Ministry of Health and Medical Services Suva Dear Hon Akbar, I am pleased to submit the January-July Report 2016 in accordance with the Government’s regulatory requirements. 2 Contents 1. Permanent Secretary’s Remarks .................................................................................... 7 2. Ministry of Health and Medical Services Overview........................................................ 8 3. Ministry of Health and Medical Services Priorities ......................................................... 8 Guiding Principles....................................................................................................... 9 Key Cabinet Papers.................................................................................................... 11 4. Reporting on SDGs January -July 2016 ........................................................................ 13 5. Impact of Tropical Cyclone Winston on Planned Activities ........................................... 15 6. Hospital Services ....................................................................................................... 16 7. Fiji Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Services Centre (FPBSC) .......................................... 18 8. Divisional Report ..................................................................................................... 20 9. Public Health Services ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 4348 Fiji Planning Map 1008
    177° 00’ 178° 00’ 178° 30’ 179° 00’ 179° 30’ 180° 00’ Cikobia 179° 00’ 178° 30’ Eastern Division Natovutovu 0 10 20 30 Km 16° 00’ Ahau Vetauua 16° 00’ Rotuma 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 km 16°00’ 12° 30’ 180°00’ Qele Levu Nambouono FIJI 0 25 50 75 100 mi 180°30’ 20 Km Tavewa Drua Drua 0 10 National capital 177°00’ Kia Vitina Nukubasaga Mali Wainingandru Towns and villages Sasa Coral reefs Nasea l Cobia e n Pacific Ocean n Airports and airfields Navidamu Labasa Nailou Rabi a ve y h 16° 30’ o a C Natua r B Yanuc Division boundaries d Yaqaga u a ld Nabiti ka o Macuata Ca ew Kioa g at g Provincial boundaries Votua N in Yakewa Kalou Naravuca Vunindongoloa Loa R p Naselesele Roads u o Nasau Wailevu Drekeniwai Laucala r Yasawairara Datum: WGS 84; Projection: Alber equal area G Bua Bua Savusavu Laucala Denimanu conic: standard meridan, 179°15’ east; standard a Teci Nakawakawa Wailagi Lala w Tamusua parallels, 16°45’ and 18°30’ south. a Yandua Nadivakarua s Ngathaavulu a Nacula Dama Data: VMap0 and Fiji Islands, FMS 16, Lands & Y Wainunu Vanua Levu Korovou CakaudroveTaveuni Survey Dept., Fiji 3rd Edition, 1998. Bay 17° 00’ Nabouwalu 17° 00’ Matayalevu Solevu Northern Division Navakawau Naitaba Ngunu Viwa Nanuku Passage Bligh Water Malima Nanuya Kese Lau Group Balavu Western Division V Nathamaki Kanacea Mualevu a Koro Yacata Wayalevu tu Vanua Balavu Cikobia-i-lau Waya Malake - Nasau N I- r O Tongan Passage Waya Lailai Vita Levu Rakiraki a Kade R Susui T Muna Vaileka C H Kuata Tavua h E Navadra a Makogai Vatu Vara R Sorokoba Ra n Lomaiviti Mago
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources
    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
    [Show full text]
  • Vanua Levu Vita Levu Suva
    177° 00’ 178° 00’ 178° 30’ 179° 00’ 179° 30’ 180° 00’ Cikobia 179° 00’ 178° 30’ Eastern Division Natovutovu 0 10 20 30 Km 16° 00’ Ahau Vetauua 16° 00’ Rotuma 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 km 16°00’ 12° 30’ 180°00’ Qele Levu Nambouono FIJI 0 25 50 75 100 mi 180°30’ 0 10 20 Km Tavewa Drua Drua National capital 177°00’ Kia Vitina Nukubasaga Mali Wainingandru Towns and villages Coral reefs Sasa Nasea l Cobia e n n Airports and airfields Pacific Ocean Navidamu Rabi a Labasa e y Nailou h v a C 16° 30’ Natua ro B Yanuc Division boundaries d Yaqaga u a ld ka o Nabiti Macuata Ca ew Kioa g at g Provincial boundaries Votua N in Yakewa Kalou Naravuca Vunindongoloa Loa R p Naselesele Roads u o Nasau Wailevu Drekeniwai Laucala r Yasawairara Datum: WGS 84; Projection: Alber equal area G Bua Savusavu Laucala Denimanu Bua conic: standard meridan, 179°15’ east; standard a Teci Nakawakawa Wailagi Lala w Tamusua a parallels, 16°45’ and 18°30’ south. s Yandua Nadivakarua Ngathaavulu a Nacula Dama Data: VMap0 and Fiji Islands, FMS 16, Lands & Y Wainunu Vanua Levu Korovou CakaudroveTaveuni Survey Dept., Fiji 3rd Edition, 1998. Bay 17° 00’ Nabouwalu 17° 00’ Matayalevu Solevu Northern Division Navakawau Naitaba Ngunu Nanuku Passage Viwa Bligh Water Malima Nanuya Kese Lau Group Balavu Western Division V Nathamaki Kanacea Mualevu a Koro Yacata tu Cikobia-i-lau Waya Wayalevu Malake - Vanua Balavu I- Nasau N r O Tongan Passage Waya Lailai Vita Levu Rakiraki a Kade R Susui T Muna C H Kuata Tavua Vaileka h E Navadra a Makogai Vatu Vara R Ra n Mago N Sorokoba n Lomaiviti
    [Show full text]
  • Cruising the Fiji Islands
    The Fiji Islands Cruising in Fiji waters offers many of those once-in-a-lifetime moments. You may experience remote and uninhabited islands, stretching reefs, exhilarating diving, plentiful fishing, a range of cultural experiences and you will still leave wishing to cruise further and explore more…just to the next island…and the island after that….. There are so many reasons to cruise the idyllic waters of Fiji. It is one of the warmest, friendliest nations on earth and caters to cruisers looking for adventure, time out, experiences with locals, and isolated cruising. Fiji is a nation comprising 322 islands in 18,376 square kilometers of the Pacific Ocean. The islands range from being large and volcanic with high peaks and lush terrain, to atolls so small they peak out of the warm aqua water only when the tide recedes. The islands range from being large and volcanic with high peaks and lush terrain to atolls so small they peak out of the warm aqua water when the tide recedes. 2 Yacht Partners Fiji – Super Yacht Support Specialists www.yachtpartnersfiji.com Yasawa & Mamanuca Islands White sand beaches and protected cruising The Yasawa and Mamanuca Islands are the closest cruising ground to the international airport. A departure from Port Denarau (which is only 20 minutes from Nadi international airport) will see you at Malolo Island, the southern-most in the Yasawa/Mamanuca chain of islands, in a couple of hours. This chain of islands and reefs is strung out over 80 nautical miles from Malolo to Yasawa-I-Ra-ra. Most of the traveling is inside of the reefs with short passages between many good anchorages and fine beaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Outcomes from the Vatu‐I‐Ra Seascape Stakeholders Workshop
    er Building Provincial‐level Integrated Coastal Management Plans: Outcomes from the Vatu‐i‐Ra Seascape Stakeholders Workshop Stacy Jupiter, Margaret Fox, Akuila Cakacaka, Akanisi Caginitoba, Natalie Askew, Ingrid Qauqau, Rebecca Weeks, Sunil Prasad This work was supported by a grant to the Wildlife Conservation Society from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (#10‐94985‐000‐GSS) © 2012 Wildlife Conservation Society This document to be cited as: Jupiter S, Fox M, Cakacaka A, Caginitoba A, Askew N, Qauqau I, Weeks R, Prasad S(2012) Building Provincial‐level Integrated Coastal Management Plans: Outcomes from the Vatu‐i‐Ra Seascape Stakeholders Workshop. Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji, 46 pp. Executive Summary Between September 8‐9, 2011, representatives from the four provinces which join together to form the Vatu‐i‐Ra Seascape (Lomaiviti, Tailevu, Ra, Bua) met together with partners from government and non‐government organizations at the Centre for Appropriate Technology & Development at Nadave to discuss the foundations for building provincial level integrated coastal management (ICM) plans. This work builds on the outputs from the September 2010 national Protected Area Committee workshop with provincial administrators where representatives from each province identified candidate sites for protection and management with the main goal to evaluate how new management initiatives fit within the Fiji Integrated Coastal Management Framework recently developed by the Department of Environment. This report provides an overview of the presentations made to guide thinking on the range of possible threats and management actions within the coastal zone of the Vatu‐i‐Ra Seascape. We focused specifically on three thematic areas of the ICM framework: Living Coastal Resource Utilization; Land‐Based Activities; and Coastal/Eco‐tourism Development.
    [Show full text]
  • TC Winston Brief
    TROPICAL CYCLONE WINSTON NEOC UPDATE 29 FEBRUARY 2016 AIM TO PROVIDE INFORMATION UPDATES ON POST TC WINSTON DAY 9 OPERATIONS, AND HIGHLIGHT THE FORECASTED ACTIVITIES SCOPE •Current Ops •Future Ops •Foreign Assistance CURRENT OPS TC Winston Response Action Plan HIGHLIGHTS • 623 RFMF personnel on the ground in the Central, Eastern & Northern Division (N-30, W-56,C-367,E-170) • Phsycological assessment carried out by Empower Pacific to 3 villages(Nasolo, Vuna and Nasawana) • Ration distribution completed for Tikina Dawasamu, Namena and Sawakasa in Central • Tikina Mualevu (8)and Lomaloma(9) in Vanuabalavu also completed ration and shelter distribution. • Complete distribution for Koro and Gau. • Airlifts of ration to Interior of Ra and Naitasiri will be done today EASTERN DIVISION • Communication clear in Vanuabalavu • 45 officials including 15 soldiers on the island to distribute rations & assessment • Rations has been distributed has been79 completed for Vanuabalavu • Tonga ration offload and withhold by ration distribution team • Tents – 150, Shelter kits – 100, Tarpaulins – 100, Hygiene – kits 300, Kitchen set – 200, Blankets – 100, Mosquito net – 200, Collapsible Tanks – 1,500 • Rations & shelter delivered to Koro, Gau, Batiki, Nairai Western Division • 2 trucks load of 200 x 10 men tents, 35 x 4 men tents, 21 tarpaulins and 35 boxes of kitchen appliances at 1000hrs taken to Rakiraki yesterday by Div. EOC West • Ration distribution for Yasawa complete and assessment report submitted. • 15 people in Naisilisili, Nacula suffering from viral infection and spreading quickly. • Ration distribution in Ra continues and majority are covered except for the remote areas not accessible by road(Tikina Nasau, Lawaki,Nailuva, Tokaimalo, Navatusila).
    [Show full text]
  • (SEA) Subsidy for Boats, Engines, and Equipment ––
    Implementation Guidelines Seafaring Entrepreneur Assistance (SEA) Subsidy for Boats, Engines, and Equipment –– “SEA Subsidy” Ministry of Economy 13 August 2021 1 Implementation Guidelines Seafaring Entrepreneur Assistance (SEA) Subsidy for Boats, Engines, and Equipment 1.0 Introduction 1.1 This paper outlines the Implementation Guidelines for ‘Seafaring Entrepreneur Assistance (SEA) Subsidy for Boats, Engines, and Equipment” –– a new initiative announced by the Fijian Government in the 2021-2022 National Budget. 1.2 In the 2021-2022 Budget, the Fijian Government has allocated a sum of $500,000 to subsidise the purchase of fully equipped and operational fibreglass boats for Fijians living in maritime regions. 1.3 Due to the significant up-front costs required, many Fijians in maritime regions are unable to afford boats and engines, effectively cordoning them off from many economic opportunities. 1.4 To promote better accessibility maritime communities on the same island and across neighbouring islands and improve access to markets, the Fijian Government will subsidise, by way of grant, the cost of purchasing fiberglass boats and engines, in addition to providing the full cost of boat equipment, including lifesaving equipment. 1.5 The initiative is aligned with government’s longstanding efforts to foster a culture of entrepreneurship among maritime communities by promoting a safe and inclusive environment for travelling and business ventures in the maritime region. This initiative will not only improve accessibility and transportation in these maritime areas, it will also generate more economic activity for our maritime communities. 1.6 The initiative will initially assist fifty (50) potential recipients located in Fiji’s maritime regions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Place Called Home
    FIJI A Place Called Home FIJI A Place Called Home Daryl Tarte Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Tarte, Daryl, author. Title: Fiji : A Place Called Home / Daryl Tarte. ISBN: 9781925022049 (paperback) 9781925022056 (ebook) Subjects: Tarte, Daryl. Fijian Australians--Biography. Fiji--Politics and government--History. Fiji--Social life and customs. Dewey Number: 996.11 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Wyndham Resort, Denarau Island, Fiji. Courtesy of Wyndham Resort, Denarau, and Meralyn Tarte. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2014 ANU Press Contents Epigraph . vii Dedication . ix Preface . xi Introduction . xiii Stewart Firth Prologue: The Early Days . xvii Part One: Taveuni: The Colonial Period 1 . People Along the Road . 3 2 . The Old Home . 17 3 . The Plantation . 23 4 . The Young Overseer . 35 5 . Island Life . 43 6 . Marriage . 55 7 . An Array of Characters . 65 8 . Sale of the Plantation . 73 9 . Farewell Taveuni . 79 Part Two: Greater Fiji: Life In The Nation 10 . Sugar . 85 11 . Tourism . 103 12 . Commerce and Industry . 111 Interlude: A Fijian Delicacy—Balolo . 121 13 . Diplomacy . 125 14 . Politics and Leadership . 131 Interlude: A Conversation of Spirits . 141 15 . Sports .
    [Show full text]