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Vol. XXI, 2017 ISSN 1999-2297 MARGALLA PAPERS A Journal of International Affairs National Defence University Islamabad - Pakistan National Defence University Islamabad - Pakistan Patron-in-Chief Lieutenant General Majid Ehsan, HI(M) Patron Major General Muhammad Samrez Salik, HI (M) Advisory Board Major General Khalid Zia Chief Instructor, National Security College, NDU Islamabad Dr. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema Dean FCS, NDU, Islamabad Dr. Lubna Abid Ali HoD (IR), FCS, NDU Islamabad Dr. Nazir Hussain Professor, School of Politics and International Relations, QAU Islamabad Dr. Syed Hussain Shaheed Associate Professor, Department of Soherwordi International Relations, University of Peshawar Dr. Rodney W. Jones President, Policy Architects International, USA Dr. Marvin G. Weinbaum Scholar in Residence, Middle East Dr. Muhammad Ahsan Academic Research Consultant, UK Dr. Stephen P. Cohen Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, Washington DC USA Dr. Ragip Kutay KARACA Faculty Member, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey Editorial Board Colonel Dr. Ghulam Qumber Editor Ms. Qurat-ul-Ain Assistant Editor MMaarrggaallllaa PPaappeerrss Volume XXI 2017 Message of the Patron-in-Chief i Lieutenant General Majid Ehsan, HI(M) _______________________________________________________ Acknowledgements ii Major General Muhammad Samrez Salik, HI(M) _______________________________________________________ Reflections on Indo – Pak 1971 War through Theories 1 of War and Peace Zahid Latif Mirza _______________________________________________________ Role and Significance of Senate in the Federation 19 of Pakistan: An Analysis before and after 18th Amendment to the Constitution of 1973 Dr. Umbreen Javaid & Zainab Ahmed _______________________________________________________ Is there a Drift towards Post-Hegemony in the 33 Global Hierarchy? Nazish Mahmood & Dr. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema __________________________________________________________________________ Synergizing Foreign and Security Policy of Pakistan 49 Dr. Zulfqar Khan _______________________________________________________ Hurdles in Women Development in Pakistan 61 Dr. Aisha Anees Malik & Muhammad Aamir _______________________________________________________ Indian Strategic Thinking & Partnership with Israel: 73 Implications for Pakistan Attiq ur Rehman & Dr. Zafar Nawaz Jaspal _______________________________________________________ Constitutional Status of Gilgit-Baltistan: An Issue of 85 Human Security Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD _______________________________________________________ Pakistan’s Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan Since 104 Operation Freedom Sentinel: An Overview Maliha Zeba Khan _______________________________________________________ Living on the Frontlines: Perspective from the 122 Neelum Valley Dr. Shaheen Akhtar _______________________________________________________ Understanding the Causes of Militancy in 142 Pakistan’s Frontier Dr. Ejaz Akram & Nauman Hassan _______________________________________________________ Indian Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Shield and 153 Space Weapon Ambitions: Implications for South Asian Strategic Environment Ahmed Saeed Minhas & Dr. Farhat Konain Shujahi _______________________________________________________ The New American Militarism and Its Impact on 165 World Politics Dr. Mansur Umar Khan _______________________________________________________ Realising South Asian Economic Union in 21st Century 177 Raza ul Munem _______________________________________________________ Sources and Impact of the Trust Deficit in Pakistan – 188 US Relations (2008-2014) Manzoor Ahmad, Naveeda Yousaf & Zahir Shah _______________________________________________________ Inter-Faith Dialogue; A Solution for Global Peace 200 Dr. Muhammad Khan & Arshmah Jamil _______________________________________________________ Libya Descent into Chaos - The Need for 213 Strategic Management Dr. Hassan Jalil Shah _______________________________________________________ Exit of Pakistan from IMF: Implications for the Economy 227 Samia Majeed Hashmi _______________________________________________________ Pak-China Partnership: US and India’s Response 242 Asma Rashid _______________________________________________________ USA’s Pivot to Asia; Cooperation or Containment- 254 An Intrusive Analysis from Realist Perspective Dr. Waseem Ishaque, Saqib Anjum & Syed Jawad Shah _______________________________________________________ Strategic National Perspective & CPEC Understanding 266 the Changing International Paradigms Dr. Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman _______________________________________________________ Disclaimer The contents of this 'Journal' are writers’ personal views. The statements, facts and opinions by the authors in the Margalla Papers do not imply the official policy of the National Defence University and Editors or the publishers. i MESSAGE OF PATRON-IN-CHIEF In an environment of rapidly transforming geopolitical realities, a constant and timely reckoning of policy substitutes is necessary to evaluate the veracity of present course of action. South Asia has long been a sensitive region, destabilized by the complexities arising out of international power play, bitter internal and mutual conflicts and hindered growth despite its enormous economic potential. Thriving in such an environment poses a huge challenge to Pakistan whose frontline status has often embroiled it in situations detrimental to its core interests. The demands of desired progress entail a delicate strategic balancing and intricate policy maneuvers. It is incumbent upon the cognoscente to acquaint the decision-makers of the eminent potentialities in order to adjust to the shifting sands of regional and international phenomena. Fortunately, our intelligentsia is alive to this obligation and fully perceptive of the portents of future changes. I congratulate the Editorial team of "Margalla Papers" for providing a platform that affords an uninhibited intellectual discourse aimed at situational and policy assessment. My appreciation is also due towards the contributors for their incisive inquisition into the thorny labyrinth of foreign relations which has made this publication a valuable study into geostrategic evolution. I sincerely hope that in its coming issues, "Margalla Papers" will emerge as a dependable source of creditable opinion on matters of national and international significance. Lieutenant General Majid Ehsan, HI(M) President National Defence University ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the background of emerging global challenges, Pakistan is actively playing the role of a responsible nation to maintain peace in the region. Though our country is confronting with both internal and external variegated challenges yet we believe that days are not farahead when we will achieve the ultimate destination of peace and stability both on the economic and social platforms. Pakistan Army has successfully met the target of defeating terrorism and militancy within the county by virtue of unprecedented professionalism coupled with the sacrifices which have been acknowledged by all nations in the world. The current operation ‘Radd-ul-Fasaad’ to eliminate terrorists across Pakistan will prove peacemaker for the society and pacemaker for the economy; with special reference to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. We believe in peaceful coexistence and expect of all our neighbours’ to honour our peaceful existence in the region. We strongly condemn all shapes of aggression and extremism and respect the integrity and sovereignty of our neighbors’. Our professionalism and commitment which we have displayed during our war on terror has been acknowledged by the international power-players. This capability and performance of Pakistan Army remains unprecedentedly unique in the world. No doubt our achievements would not have been possible without the support of our nation. The latest edition of Margalla Papers, offers a panorama of defence and security related strategic issues with the solution oriented objective judgments and views of various scholars in the relevant fields. The objectivity and impartiality is commendable. The peer reviewers and editorial boards deserve appreciation. Major General Muhammad Samrez Salik, HI (M) Director General Institute for Strategic Studies Research and Analysis 1 REFLECTIONS ON INDO – PAK 1971 WAR THROUGH THEORIES OF WAR AND PEACE Zahid Latif Mirza* Abstract The authoritative account provides an excellent overview of reflections on Indo-Pakistan 1971 war through theories of war and peace. He is of the view divergences of East Pakistan began to surface with West Pakistan soon after independence, when a group of students protested the Quaid-i-Azam’s speech in Dacca in 1948, making Urdu the national language. Two years later in 1950, the East Pakistan Muslim League asked for maximum autonomy. Then in 1954, after elections in East Pakistan, the United Front, which won with overwhelming majority, asked for a complete autonomy according to the Pakistan Resolution. A West Pakistan dominated central government’s manipulation to deny power to the elected majority in East Pakistan added to the accumulating grievances. Delays in constitution-making and holding national elections exacerbated East Pakistan’s sense of deprivation. Keywords: Reflections, Pakistan, War, Peace, Pakistan’s Resolution, East Pakistan, Autonomy, Operation. Introduction hared interest in the protection of cultural, economic and political rights Sbrought the Muslims of British India to a common platform. The leaders of Bengal played a seminal
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