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Public Redacted Version of the Final Trial Brief on Behalf of Drago Nikolić

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Public Redacted Version of the Final Trial Brief on Behalf of Drago Nikolić IT-05-88-T 38728 D38728 - D38372 PUBLIC 30 July 2010 SMS INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Case No. IT-05-88-T IN TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge Carmel Agius, Presiding Judge O-Gon Kwon Judge Kimberly Prost Judge Ole Bjørn Støle - Reserve Judge Acting Registrar: Mr. John Hocking Date Filed: 30 July 2010 THE PROSECUTOR v. VUJADIN POPOVIĆ LJUBIŠA BEARA DRAGO NIKOLIĆ LJUBOMIR BOROVČANIN RADIVOJE MILETIĆ MILAN GVERO VINKO PANDUREVIĆ PUBLIC PUBLIC REDACTED VERSION OF THE FINAL TRIAL BRIEF ON BEHALF OF DRAGO NIKOLIĆ The Office of the Prosecutor: Mr. Peter McCloskey Counsel for the Accused: Zoran Živanović and Mira Tapušković for Vujadin Popović John Ostojić and Predrag Nikolić for Ljubiša Beara Jelena Nikolić and Stéphane Bourgon for Drago Nikolić Aleksandar Lazarević and Christopher Gosnell for Ljubomir Borovčanin Nataša Fauveau Ivanović and Nenad Petrušić for Radivoje Miletić Dragan Krgović and David Josse for Milan Gvero Peter Haynes and Simon Davis for Vinko Pandurević Case No. IT-05-88-T 1 30 July 2010 IT-05-88-T 38727 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR v. POPOVIĆ ET ALS. CASE No. IT-05-88-T FINAL TRIAL BRIEF ON BEHALF OF DRAGO NIKOLIĆ OUTLINE STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL BRIEF ON BEHALF OF DRAGO NIKOLIĆ PART ONE - PRELIMINARY SUBMISSIONS……………………………...…..p.4 PART TWO - LEGAL SUBMISSIONS………………………………………........p.15 PART THREE - THE ACCUSED DRAGO NIKOLIĆ……………………………...p.68 PART FOUR - TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE WHICH CAN BE ATTRIBUTED LITTLE OR NO PROBATIVE VALUE………..p.84 PART FIVE - ARGUMENTS RELATED TO THE FIRST ALLEGED JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE AND COUNTS 7 AND 8 OF THE INDICTMENT………………………………………….p.162 PART SIX - ARGUMENTS RELATED TO THE SECOND ALLEGED JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE AND COUNTS 3, 4, AND 5 OF THE INDICTMENT………………………………………….p.184 PART SEVEN - ARGUMENTS RELATED TO COUNT 1: GENOCIDE……......p.223 PART EIGHT - ARGUMENTS RELATED TO COUNT 2: CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT GENOCIDE…………………...…p.263 PART NINE - ARGUMENTS RELATED TO COUNT 6: PERSECUTIONS………………………………………………..…p.275 PART TEN - FINAL SUBMISSIONS…………………………………………....p.279 ANNEXES Case No. IT-05-88-T 2 30 July 2010 IT-05-88-T 38726 PUBLIC STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL BRIEF 1. This Final Trial Brief Submitted on Behalf of Drago Nikolić (the “Nikolić Brief”) comprises ten parts as illustrated in the outline on page 1. A detailed TABLE OF CONTENTS is also enclosed in Annex A with a view to assisting the Trial Chamber in understanding the exact contents of each part. 2. Parts One to Ten of this Nikolić Brief, each have a specific purpose as follows. 3. PART ONE sets out in general terms, without the benefit of detailed references, the Prosecution’s case as well as the case for the Defence. It also serves the purpose of an executive summary: (a) giving a general overview of the foundation and basic submission on which the case for the Defence was built and presented; (b) providing a summary of what the evidence reveals concerning the duties and responsabilities as well as the whereabouts of Drago Nikolić at the relevant times; and (c) setting out the submissions of the Defence regarding all allegations which the Prosecution has failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt; 4. PART TWO sets out the legal submissions of the Defence relevant to this case, including the discussion of specific legal issues arising from the Indictment as well as an overview of the essential elements related to the modes of liability and the crimes alleged in the Indictment; 5. PART THREE provides all information concerning Drago Nikolić including the duties and responsibilities of the Accused in his capacity as Assistant Commander for Security as well as his character; 6. PART FOUR sets out the arguments of the Defence as well as the detailed reasons concerning seven Prosecution witnesses and one Chamber witness as to why the evidence they provided can be attributed little or no probative value; 7. PART FIVE provides the submissions of the Defence concerning the first Joint Criminal Enterprise alleged by the Prosecution – the forcible transfer of the Muslim population from the Srebrenica and Žepa enclaves - as well as the justifications as to why Drago Nikolić was not a member thereof. Consequently, other modes of liability are addressed concerning the events related to this Joint Criminal Enterprise. This part relates more specifically to Counts 7 and 8. 8. PART SIX provides the submissions of the Defence concerning the second Joint Criminal Enterprise alleged by the Prosecution – the execution of all able-bodied men Case No. IT-05-88-T 3 30 July 2010 IT-05-88-T 38725 PUBLIC from Srebrenica - as well as the justifications as to why Drago Nikolić was not a member thereof. Consequently, other modes of liability are addressed concerning the events related to this Joint Criminal Enterprise. This part relates more specifically to counts 3, 4 and 5. 9. PART SEVEN sets out the arguments of the Defence supporting the conclusion that no genocide took place in Srebrenica in July 1995 as well as the detailed submissions as to why - even if the Trial Chamber finds that a genocide did take place - Drago Nikolić incurs no individual criminal liability for this crime; 10. PART EIGHT sets out the arguments of the Defence supporting the conclusion that no conspiracy to commit genocide took place in Srebrenica in July 1995 as well as the detailed submissions as to why - even if the Trial Chamber finds that a conspiracy to commit genocide did take place - Drago Nikolić incurs no individual criminal liability for this crime; 11. PART NINE addresses the arguments of the Defence as to why Drago Nikolić never committed illegal acts towards the Muslim population with the required discriminatory intent; 12. PART TEN finally provides the submissions of the Defence regarding the adjudication of the charges led against the Accused. PART ONE - PRELIMINARY SUBMISSIONS A. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 13. Drago Nikolić was initially indicted on 6 September 2002 in Case no. IT-08-63. 14. On 15 March 2005, he surrendered voluntarily and was subsequently transferred in the custody of the International Tribunal on 17 March 2005. 15. On 20 April 2005, he pleaded not guilty to all charges laid against him. 16. On 21 September 2005, the Indictment against Drago Nikolić was joined to that of seven other accused in The Prosecutor v. Popovic et als., Case No. IT-05-88-PT. 17. On 4 April 2006, during his further appearance as a result of the joinder, Drago Nikolić again pleaded not guilty to all charges. 18. On 26 June 2006, Milorad Trbić was severed from the Indictment, leaving seven co- accused in Case No. IT-05-88-PT. Case No. IT-05-88-T 4 30 July 2010 IT-05-88-T 38724 PUBLIC 19. Trial proceedings began on 14 July 2006 and the last witness testified viva voce before the Trial Chamber on 15 July 2009, exactly 3 years and one day later. 20. Pursuant to the Trial Chamber`s Order from 27 March 2009, as modified orally by the Trial Chamber on 2 July 2009, Counsel for the Defence of Drago Nikolić ( the “Accused” or the “Defence”) hereby file this Nikolić Brief pursuant to Rule 86(B). 21. On 2 July 2009, the Trial Chamber granted the Defence leave to submit a final brief not exceeding 350 pages. B. THE BURDEN OF PROOF 22. Pursuant to Rule 87(A), a finding of guilt may be reached against the Accused only if a majority of the Trial Chamber is satisfied that his guilt has been proved beyond reasonable doubt for any of the counts in the Indictment. 23. The Defence insists on the fact that the burden to prove the guilt of the Accused beyond a reasonable doubt rests firmly on the Prosecution. Moreover, in application of this universal standard which governs all criminal proceedings, the Accused has no burden of proof. 24. Furthermore, in a case of this magnitude, involving seven co-accused and during which the evidence of more than 250 witnesses has been adduced - either viva voce or pursuant to Rules 92bis, 92ter, 92quater and 94bis - and more than 7,000 exhibits have been admitted, the Defence respectfully submits that it is all the more important to scrupulously adhere to the standard of “proof beyond reasonable doubt”. C. THE PROSECUTION’S CASE AGAINST DRAGO NIKOLIC 25. The Prosecution has charged the Accused with eight counts, including: Genocide - Count 1; Conspiracy to commit genocide - Count 2; Extermination - Count 3; Murder as Crime against Humanity – Count 4; Murder as Violation of the Laws and Customs of War – Count 5; Persecutions – Count 6; Forcible Transfer – Count 7; and Deportation – Count 8. 26. It is highly significant, as will be argued in this Nikolić Brief, that two of the Co- accused in this case – Radivoje Miletić and Milan Gvero – have not been charged with genocide, conspiracy to commit genocide and persecution. Case No. IT-05-88-T 5 30 July 2010 IT-05-88-T 38723 PUBLIC I. GENERAL ALLEGATIONS IN THE INDICTMENT 27. The Prosecution`s case against the Accused includes four main components. 28. Firstly, the Prosecution alleges that Drago Nikolić was a member of a joint criminal enterprise of the first category, the common purpose of which was to force the Muslim population out of the Srebrenica and Žepa enclaves to areas outside the control of the RS, amounting to or involving the crimes of forcible transfer and deportation. 29. Secondly, the Prosecution alleges that Drago Nikolić was a member of a joint criminal enterprise of the first category, the common purpose of which was to summarily execute and burry all the able-bodied men from Srebrenica, amounting to or involving the crimes of extermination and murder, either as a crime against humanity or as a violation of the laws and customs of war.
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