Promoting Universal Accessibility of the East Kowloon Harbor Front
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Promoting Universal Accessibility of the East Kowloon Harbor Front Zachary Harmony Meagan Hiatt Paige Waechter Chuankai Zhou 44-SS7-C154 Promoting Universal Accessibility of the East Kowloon Harbor Front An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted by: Zachary Harmony Meagan Hiatt Paige Waechter Chuankai Zhou Submitted to: Professor Hendrik Tieben, School of Architecture Chinese University of Hong Kong Dr. Sujata Govada, School of Architecture Chinese University of Hong Kong and Urban Design and Planning International Project Advisors: Professor Creighton Peet, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Professor Stephan Sturm, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Date: March 6, 2015 ii Abstract The pedestrian scheme that emerged from the former industrial district of Kwun Tong, Hong Kong developed without the consideration of pedestrian universal accessibility. Our goal was to propose a universally accessible pedestrian model to reach the East Kowloon harbor front. Through surveys and exploration of pedestrian pathways, we found inconsistencies in the degree of accessibility, stemming from the lack of Hong Kong accessibility standards. Our recommendations include implementing a wheelchair ramp slope standard, uniformly wide sidewalks, and more prevalent signage. iii Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following individuals, organizations and institutions for supporting us throughout the completion of this project: The School of Architecture, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) for sponsoring our project, and for providing work accommodations and valuable resources. Our sponsors, Professor Hendrik Tieben from CUHK and Dr. Sujata Govada with Urban Design and Planning International, for all their invaluable resources, insight and guidance throughout this project. Our WPI advisors, Professor Creighton Peet and Professor Stephan Sturm for their helpful feedback and guidance through the development of our project. Worcester Polytechnic Institute for giving us the opportunity to complete our Interactive Qualifying Project in Hong Kong. Our fellow WPI classmates, especially those who participated in our visitor navigation study, for their continued help and support. The Ngau Tau Kok Centre for the Elderly, and the residents of Kwun Tong, for their time and feedback on our survey questionnaires. iv Authorship Section of Report Primary Author(s) Primary Editor(s) Abstract Paige All Executive Summary Zachary Paige 1.0 Introduction Paige All 2.0 Background All All 2.1 Universal Accessibility Paige, Zachary All 2.2 Waterfront Initiatives Meagan All 2.3 History of East Kowloon Paige, Zachary All 2.4 The Public Sector Chuankai, Meagan, Zachary All 2.5 The Private Sector Meagan, Zachary All 2.6 Local Community Paige All 2.7 Summary Paige All 3.0 Methodology Paige All 3.1 Route Condition Paige Zachary 3.2 Residential Connectivity Paige Zachary, Chuankai 3.3 Local Opinions Paige Zachary, Meagan 3.4 Visitor Opinions Paige Zachary 3.5 Accessibility Limitations Paige Zachary 4.0 Results and Analysis All All 4.1 Route Conditions Paige All 4.2 Residential Connectivity Chuankai, Meagan All 4.3 Local Opinions Meagan All 4.4 Visitor Opinions Zachary All 4.5 Accessibility Limitations Paige All 5.0 Conclusions and All All Recommendations 5.1 Areas to be Addressed Zachary All 5.2 Recommendations Meagan All 5.3 Future Research Paige All Appendix A Zachary All Appendix B Paige All Appendix C Paige All Appendix D Meagan All Appendix E Meagan Chuankai Appendix F Paige All Appendix G Meagan All Appendix H Zachary All Appendix I Paige All Appendix J Meagan, Zachary All v All group members contributed equally to the editing for spelling and grammatical errors for each section of this report. In addition, each team member contributed to this project in ways not reflected in this table of authorship. Zachary Harmony was responsible for all the GPS data collection and analysis, as well as creating the final video. Meagan Hiatt structured and designed all PowerPoint presentations used during ID 2050 and our term in Hong Kong. Paige Waechter was responsible for creating the project timeline and project plan, as well as formatting the final report. Chuankai Zhou approached and interacted with all survey takers, and was an invaluable resource when translating and communicating in Chinese. vi Table of Contents Title Page...............................................................................................................................ii Abstract .............................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ iv Authorship .......................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vii Table of Figures................................................................................................................. ix Table of Tables .................................................................................................................. xi Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... xii 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Background ........................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Universal Accessibility ............................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Pedestrian Access .................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2 Physical and Visual Impairment Access ................................................................ 5 2.1.3 American Universal Access Standards .................................................................. 6 2.2 Universal Access Initiatives Near Waterfronts ........................................................ 7 2.2.1 Barcelona, Spain ................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Tokyo, Japan ......................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 London, England ................................................................................................. 11 2.3 History of East Kowloon Harbor Front .................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Industrial Background ......................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Airport History .................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Culture and History ............................................................................................. 14 2.4 The Hong Kong Government and Public Sector.................................................... 15 2.4.1 Existing Waterfront Redevelopment Initiatives in East Kowloon ....................... 15 2.4.2 Accessibility Studies in Hong Kong .................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Land Ownership .................................................................................................. 20 2.4.4 Transportation ..................................................................................................... 21 2.5 The Hong Kong Private Sector ............................................................................... 23 2.5.1 Business Sector ................................................................................................... 23 2.5.2 Tourism ............................................................................................................... 23 2.6 Local Community of East Kowloon ........................................................................ 24 2.7 Summary ................................................................................................................... 24 3.0 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 26 3.1 Determine the Current Condition of Possible Routes to the Harbor Front ......... 26 3.2 Determine the Connectivity of Residential Areas to the Waterfront ................... 27 3.3 Determine the Opinions of the East Kowloon Locals ............................................ 28 3.4 Determine the Opinions of Visitors and Tourists .................................................. 28 3.5 Determine the Limitations of Accessibility ............................................................. 29 3.6 Summary ................................................................................................................... 30 4.0 Results and Analysis ........................................................................................ 31 4.1 Current Condition of Viable Transit Routes.......................................................... 31 4.1.1 Possible Routes to Reach the Harbor Front ......................................................... 31 4.1.2 Analysis of Current Route Conditions ................................................................