National Symposium on Spices and Aromatic Crops (Symsac –Viii)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Accused Persons Arrested in Idukki District from 12.07.2015 to 18.07.2015
Accused Persons arrested in Idukki district from 12.07.2015 to 18.07.2015 Name of Name of the Name of the Place at Date & Arresting Court at Sl. Name of the Age & Cr. No & Sec Police father of Address of Accused which Time of Officer, Rank which No. Accused Sex of Law Station Accused Arrested Arrest & accused Designation produced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Door No.9/39, 315/15, JFMC 49, Cumbum Street, 12/07/15, K A Shaji SI 1 Selvaraj Chinnaswamy Sankurundan u/s.17 of KML Vandanmedu Nedumkanda Male Mettu Bhagom, 1.10 pm Vandanmedu Act m Cumbum. Kunnathu Illam, Cr.313/15, JFMC 19, 12/07/15, K A Shaji SI 2 Ajmal Asharaf Mattancherry, Vandanmedu u/s.20(b) (ii) Vandanmedu Nedumkanda Male 8.45 am Vandanmedu Ernakulam of NDPS Act m I K Vilasam, Cr.313/15, JFMC 19, 12/07/15, K A Shaji SI 3 Nimshad Nazeer Mattancherry, Fort Vandanmedu u/s.20(b) (ii) Vandanmedu Nedumkanda Male 8.45 am Vandanmedu Kochi, Ernakulam of NDPS Act m Mullasseril House, 240/09, CPO 2801, JFMC 35, 13/07/15, Nedumkanda 4 Sajeer Muhammad Kalkoonthal, Peermade u/s.324 IPC CPO 3172, Nedumkanda Male 7 PM m Nedumkandam (LP 28/11) CPO 3572 m Cr.274/15, u/s.17 of KML Act sec. 3 Cheenickal House, r/w. 9 of 34, Udumbannoor, Chakkappan 14/07/15, M A Sabu, CJMC,THODUP 5 Saju Ibrahim Kerala Karimannoor Male Edamaruk, kavala 5.20 pm Addl. SI UZHA Prohibition of Mankuzhy charging Exorbitant Interest Act Kadankulam House, Cr.132/15, 33, Mailappuzha, 14/07/15, C V Abraham, 6 Sijo George George Eettikkavala u/s.55(a) (1) Kanjikuzhy JFMC Idukki Male Pazhayarikkandam, 12 am SI Kanjikuzhy of Abkari Act Kanjikuzhy. -
Agricultural Produce Marketing
Agricultural Produce Marketing Ragupathy Venkatachalam CCS RESEARCH INTERNSHIP PAPERS 2004 Centre for Civil Society K-36 Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi 110016 Tel: 2653 7456/ 2652 1882 Fax: 2651 2347 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ccsindia.org In order to understand the nature of the Indian economy, significant attention should be paid to marketing the agricultural produce in a country where more than 60 % of the population is agrarian in nature. This study focuses on the nature and functions of the Markets that are regulated by the Government and are often referred to as the Regulated Marketing Committees. The agricultural marketing board in Tamil Nadu establishes these. The study is restricted to Erode district in Tamil Nadu and concentrates on the regulated market in Avalpoondurai, which comes under the Erode Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee. I have studied the functions and powers of these Agriculture Produce Marketing Committees (APMC’s) and have attempted to analyse the extent of government intervention in the day to day functioning of the market activities and the outcomes of such policies. The study finally contrasts the observed results with the intended goals, where I have highlighted the informal market that is thriving along with the formal markets1 as a consequence of the government tax policies. The factors that set apart the Avalpoondurai regulated market have also been discussed. Methodology The players who were taken in to account were farmers, small and large-scale traders, government officials in the regulated market committee, mill owners and the workers in the these mills. The study was not restricted to any particular sample size but was undertaken till saturation point was reached in response. -
{A.Ffi Proceedings of the District Collector & District Magistarte Ldukki (Issued Under Section 21 of Crpc Tg73) (Preseng: H Dinesha N TAS)
/" {a.ffi Proceedings of the District Collector & District Magistarte ldukki (issued under Section 21 of CrPC tg73) (Preseng: H Dinesha n TAS) Sub : Disaster Manasement - Covid 19 Pandemic - Imminent / Possible surge - Effective Containment - Reinvigorating enforcement - Appointing Gazetted Officers of various Departments as Sectoral Magistarte & Covid Sentinels in local bodles - Order issued. Read: 1. GO (Rt) No 768/2020/DMD dated 29.09.2020 of Disaster Management (A) Department 2. GO (R0 No 77412020/DMD ated 01.10.2020 of Disaster Management (A) Department Proceedings No. DCIDIV 1640/2020- DM1 Dated : 04.10.2020 In the light of the surge in number of Covid 19 cases in the State, Government have decided to reinvigorate enforcement at the level of local bodies to check the surge in positive cases. Vide Order (2) above District Magistrates are directed to assess the ground situation in tleir districts and use the relevent provisions and orders under section 144, CrPC to control the spread of the desease. It was also directed that strict restrictions shall be imposed in the containment zones and in specific areas where the spread of desease is apprehended. Vide Order (1) cited, the Government ordered that the DDMA's shall depute Exclusively one or more, able Gazetted Officers from other departments of the State government (Deparments other than Health, Police, Revenue and LSGD) working in the District as Sectoral Magistrates & Covid Sentinels, in each local body who shall be tasked to reinvigorate monitoring and enforcement of Covid containment activities in their Jurisdiction. In the above circumstances, I, H Dineshan IAS, the District Magistrate and District Collector Idukki, by virtue of the powers conffened on me under the Disaster Management Act 2005, here by appoint and empower the following officers as Sector officers to monitor and enforce ali Covid Containment measures - existing and those introduced from time to time in their areas of jurisdisction specified by DDMA. -
IDUKKI Contact Designation Office Address Phone Numbers PS Name of BLO in LAC Name of Polling Station Address NO
IDUKKI Contact Designation Office address Phone Numbers PS Name of BLO in LAC Name of Polling Station Address NO. charge office Residence Mobile Grama Panchayat 9495879720 Grama Panchayat Office, 88 1 Community Hall,Marayoor Grammam S.Palani LDC Office, Marayoor. Marayoor. Taluk Office, Taluk Office, 9446342837 88 2 Govt.L P School,Marayoor V Devadas UDC Devikulam. Devikulam. Krishi Krishi Bhavan, Bhavan, 9495044722 88 3 St.Michale's L P School,Michalegiri Annas Agri.Asst marayoor marayoor Grama Panchayat 9495879720 St.Mary's U P School,Marayoor(South Grama Panchayat Office, 88 4 Division) S.Palani LDC Office, Marayoor. Marayoor. St.Mary's U P School,Marayoor(North Edward G.H.S, 9446392168 88 5 Division) Gnanasekar H SA G.H.S, Marayoor. Marayoor. St.Mary's U P School,Marayoor(Middle Edward G.H.S, 9446392168 88 6 Division) Gnanasekar H SA G.H.S, Marayoor. Marayoor. Taluk Office, Taluk Office, 9446342837 88 7 St.Mary's L P School,Pallanad V Devadas UDC Devikulam. Devikulam. Krishi Krishi Bhavan, Bhavan, 9495044722 88 8 Forest Community Hall,Nachivayal Annas Agri.Asst marayoor marayoor Grama Panchayat 4865246208 St.Pious L P School,Pious Nagar(North Grama Panchayat Office, 88 9 Division) George Mathai UDC Office, Kanthalloor Kanthalloor Grama Panchayat 4865246208 St.Pious L P School,Pious Nagar(East Grama Panchayat Office, 88 10 Division) George Mathai UDC Office, Kanthalloor Kanthalloor St.Pious U P School,Pious Nagar(South Village Office, Village Office, 9048404481 88 11 Division) Sreenivasan Village Asst. Keezhanthoor. Keezhanthoor. Grama -
Kattappana School Code Sub District Name of School School Type 30001 Munnar G
Kattappana School Code Sub District Name of School School Type 30001 Munnar G. V. H. S. S. Munnar G 30002 Munnar G. H. S. Sothuparai G 30003 Munnar G. H. S. S. Vaguvurrai G 30005 Munnar G. H. S. Guderele G 30006 Munnar L. F. G. H. S . Munnar A 30007 Munnar K. E. H. S . Vattavada A 30008 Munnar G. H. S. S. Devikulam G 30009 Munnar G. H. S. S. Marayoor G 30010 Munnar S. H. H. S. Kanthalloor A 30011 Peermade St. George`s High School Mukkulam A 30012 Nedumkandam Govt. H.S.S. Kallar G 30013 Nedumkandam S.H.H.S. Ramakalmettu A 30014 Nedumkandam C.R.H.S. Valiyathovala A 30015 Nedumkandam G.H.S. Ezhukumvayal G 30016 Kattappana M.M.H.S. Nariyampara A 30017 Peermade St.Joseph`s H.S.S Peruvanthanam A 30018 Peermade G.H.S.Kanayankavayal G 30019 Peermade St.Mary`s H.S.S Vellaramkunu A 30020 Kattappana SGHSS Kattappana A 30021 Kattappana OSSANAM ENG MED HSS KATTAPPANA U 30022 Peermade Govt V.H.S.S. T.T. I. Kumaly G 30023 Nedumkandam N S P High School Vandanmedu A 30024 Nedumkandam S.A.H.S. Vandanmedu A 30025 Peermade C.P.M. G.H.S.S. Peermedu G 30026 Peermade M.E.M.H.S.S. Peermede U 30027 Peermade Panchayat H.S.S. Elappara A 30028 Peermade G.H.S.Vagamon G 30029 Peermade St. Sebastians H.S.S. Cheenthalar A 30030 Peermade Panchayat H.S.S. Vandiperiyar A 30031 Nedumkandam Govt. H S S And V H S S Rajakumary G 30032 Peermade St. -
Self Assessment Report (Sar) Department of Management Studies April - 2021
Nandha Engineering College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT (SAR) DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES APRIL - 2021 NBCC Place, 4th Floor East Tower, Bhisham Pitamah Marg, Pragati Vihar New Delhi 110003 P: +91(11)24360620-22, 24360654, Fax: +91(11) 24360682 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nbaind.org SAR Contents Section Item Page No. PART A Institutional Information 1 PART B Criteria Summary 8 1 Vision, Mission & Program Educational Objectives 9 2 Governance, Leadership & Financial Resources 17 3 Program Outcomes & Course Outcomes 72 4 Curriculum & Learning Process 100 5 Student Quality and Performance 149 6 Faculty Attributes and Contributions 176 7 Industry & International Connect 212 8 Infrastructure 234 9 Alumni Performance and Connect 258 10 Continuous Improvement 275 PART C Declaration by the Institution 291 Annexure - I Program Outcomes (POs) 292 Department of Management Studies Nandha Engineering College(Autonomous) PART A: Institutional Information 1. Name and Address of the Institution: Nandha Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai Main Road, Vaikkaalmedu, Pitchandampalayam (PO), Erode-638052 TamilNadu. Ph : 04294 – 225585, 226393 Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.nandhaengg.org 2. Name and Address of the Affiliating University, if applicable: Anna University Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600025 Ph: 044 - 22357264, 22357265 3. Year of establishment of the Institution: 2001 4. Type of the Institution: Institute of National Importance University Deemed University Autonomous √ Autonomous Status granted in the year : 2013 Renewal of the Autonomous status : 2018 Affiliated Institution AICTE Approved PGDM Institutions Any other (Please specify) NBA/Self Assessment Report (SAR)/NEC/MBA 1 Department of Management Studies Nandha Engineering College(Autonomous) Provide Details: Note: In case of Autonomous and Deemed University, mention the year of grant of status by the authority 5. -
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL River Periyar, the Longest of All the Rivers in the State of Kerala and Also the Largest in Poten
Pre Feasibility Report Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL River Periyar, the longest of all the rivers in the State of Kerala and also the largest in potential, having a length of 244 km originates in the Sivagiri group of hills at an elevation of about +1830 m above MSL. This river basin is the second largest basin of Kerala State with a drainage area of 5398 Sq Km of which 114 sq km in the Anamalai fold lies in the State of Tamil Nadu. The Periyar Basin lies between 090 15’ N to 100 20’ N and longitude 760 10’ E to 770 30’E. From its origin, Periyar traverses through an immense cliff of rocks in a northerly direction receiving several streamlets in its course. About 48 km downstream, the Mullayar joins the main river at an elevation of +854 m above MSL. Afterwards, the river flows westwards and at about 11 km downstream of the confluence of Mullayar and Periyar, the river passes through a narrow gorge, where the present Mullaperiyar Dam is constructed in 1895. The name Mullaperiyar is derived from a portmanteau of Mullayar and Periyar. Below the Mullaperiyar Dam, the river flows in a winding course taking a north westerly direction. On its travel down, it is enriched by many tributaries like Kattappana Ar, Cheruthoni Ar, Perinjankutty Ar, Muthirapuzha Ar and Idamala Ar. Lower down of Malayatoor; the Pre Feasibility Report Page 2 river takes a meandering course and flows calmly and majestically for about 23 km through Kalady and Chowara and reaches Alwaye. -
List of Biogas Plants Installed in Kerala During 2008-09
LIST OF BIOGAS PLANTS INSTALLED IN KERALA DURING 2008-09 by Si ze Block Model Sr. No latrine g date Village amount Dist rict Dist & Name Subsidy Address Category Guidence Technical Technical Inspected Inspected Functionin Beneficiary Beneficiary 1 Trivandrum Vijayakumar.N, S/o Neyyadan Nadar, Vijaya Bhavan, Neyyattinkar Parassala HA 2m3 KVIC 0 3500 26.11.08 K.Somasekhar P.Sanjeev, ADO Neduvanvila, Parassala P.O & Pancht, Neyyattinkara Tq- a anPillai (BT) 695502 2 Trivandrum Sabeena Beevi, Kunnuvila Puthenveedu, Edakarickam, Kilimanoor Pazhayakunnu GEN 3m3 KVIC 0 2700 28.10.08 K.Somasekhar P.Sanjeev, ADO Thattathumala.P.O, Pazhayakunnummel Pancht, mmel anPillai (BT) Chirayinkeezhu Tq 3 Trivandrum Anilkumar.B.K, S/o Balakrishnan, Therivila House, Athiyannur Athiyannur HA 2m3 DB 0 3500 17.01.09 K.Somasekhar P.Sanjeev ADO Kamukinkode, Kodangavila.P.O, Athiyannur Pancht, anPillai (BT) Neyyattinkara Tq 4 Trivandrum Sathyaraj.I, S/o Issac, kodannoor Mele Puthenveedu, Perumkadav Perumpazhuth HA 2m3 DB 0 3500 18.01.09 K.Somasekhar P.Sanjeev ADO Punnaikadu, Perumpaxhuthoor.P.O, Neyyattinkara Pancht & ila oor anPillai (BT) Tq 5 Trivandrum Balavan.R.P, S/o Rayappan, 153, Paduva House, Neyyattinkar Athiyannur HA 2m3 DB 0 3500 04.02.09 K.Somasekhar P.Sanjeev ADO Kamukincode, Kodungavila.P.O, Athiyannur Pancht, a anPillai (BT) Neyyattinkara Tq-695123 6 Trivandrum Ani.G, S/o Govindan.K, Karakkattu Puthenveedu, Avanakuzhy, Athiyannur Athiyannur HA 2m3 DB 0 3500 08.02.09 K.Somasekhar P.Sanjeev ADO Thannimoodu.P.O, Athiyannur Pancht, Neyyattinakara Tq anPillai -
PTO, Madikeri-RTI 4(1)
Office of the Profession Tax Officer, Madikeri, Kodagu District, Information furnished u/s 4(1)(a) of the RTI Act 2005 (Note: NA = Not Applicable) Record Maintenance Sl No File No RCN/ECN Trade Name Adress Subject Year of Date of Category Date on which Name of the Date on which Name of the Rack/ Bundle Year Year of Datet of Name of officer Name of the opening closing A B C D E file sent to official who has sent the file is received officer i/c of Almirah No No disposal destruction who has ordered officer who the file record room file to the in the record record room of the for destruction has destroyed record room room record of the record the record 1 2 2a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11a 11b 11c 12 13 14 15 1 270 175370476 PAVITHRA BOPANNA - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 2 271 131369210 S.J.SANJAY - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 3 272 120373210 D.PRADEEP JAGANATH - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 4 273 110368813 ROHAN MASCARENHAS - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 5 274 153369940 EARAPPA B.S. - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 6 275 155369539 NARAYANA C - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 7 276 192369541 DOMBAIAH HB - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 8 277 128374807 C.K.SHIV SOMANNA - Profession Tax-EC 2010 NA C NA NA NA Dr.G.Viswanatha 1 2 NA NA NA NA NA 9 278 152375427 B.A. -
PWD BUILDINGS DIVISION, IDUKKI BUDGETTED WORKS Physical Progress Report of Works March 2017 SHO Date Department Agreed PAC Agreed Estimate PAC LA Constituency Agt
PWD BUILDINGS DIVISION, IDUKKI BUDGETTED WORKS Physical Progress Report of works March 2017 SHO date Department Agreed PAC Agreed Estimate PAC LA constituency Agt. No and date No and Agt. TS No. and amount amount No. and TS Physical progress (%) Stages of electrification Actual date of completion Extended date of completion of date Extended Period of completion in months in months completion of Period AS No and amount No and AS Remarks Budget page.No./ Item no. Item page.No./ Budget Esti.Amount Date of completion as per agreement ` Name of Contractor of Name Present status of work current upto Expenditure month this upto required Amount financial year SL. No. SL. Budget Provision in lakhs Name of Project 12345 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 4059-01-051-96 1 0/4 Improvement to Village office Revenue Devikulam Vellathooval FCC paid 2 m Improvement to Village office 32/4 Devikula Revenue Mannamkandam FCC paid 3 Improvement to Village office 33/4 Revenue Kunchithanni FCC paid Devikulam 4 a 34/4 Improvement to Village office Revenue Udumbanchol Rajakumari FCC paid 5 a Order no LR (M2) 34619/10 11/EE/2010-2011 dtd 35/4 1.44 3.85 Revenue Renovation of Village Office dtd 19.10.2010 Of 3.01.2011 for Rs No response to Udumbanchol Pooppara LRC,TVM For Rs 3.85L 385000/- tender 4059-01-51-94 6 50 7.68 32/14 Idukki Excise Constn of a building for Excise GO(Rt) No.490/15/TD dated 2159/15-16 dt 38/EE/15-16 Ground Floor range office Thankamany 4.7.15 Rs 50L 21.12.15 dt29.2.16 Column Concreeting. -
S.No. ROLL No. NAME of ADVOCATE ADDRESS
ERODE S.No. ROLL No. NAME OF ADVOCATE ADDRESS 131, EAST PATTAKKARAR STREET, AANOOR 1 1569/2016 ABDUL GANI A. THEATRE ROAD ERODE - 638001. NO.45, PERIYAR SALAI, ULAVAN NAGAR, 2 2906/2006 ABDUL RAHMAN S. SURAMPATTI, ERODE 638009 ERODE DIST. 50/23 LAKSHMI GARDENS, KARATUR, 3 234/1999 AJIEETH KUMAR V.C. SATHYAMANGALAM. ERODE DT - 638 402 KALATHUMINNAPPALAYAM, P.K.VALASO, 4 395/2014 AMUDHA K. MADAKURICHI, ERODE - 638104 CHENDUR NAGAR,RALWAY COLONY 5 479/1998 AMUTHA N. POST,R.N.PALAYAM,ERODE-2 NO.59, NATHAKADU, VEDIYARASAMPALAYAM, 6 58/1998 ANANDA KUMAR K. PALLIPALAYAM, ERODE - 638008. NO. 28, RAVI STREET, SANJAI NAGAR, 7 75/1974 ANANDHAN N. ERODE. NO:17/4,DR.RADHAKRISHNAN ROAD, NEW 8 1032/2007 ANANDHARAJA S. TEACHERS COLONY, ERODE 638011 41, DR.RADHA KRISHNAN ROAD TEACHERS 9 340/1997 ANANTH K. COLONY ERODE -638011 NO:177 10 873/1993 ANANTHANAYAKI B. A1,SOKKARAYANKADU,SENKADU,BHAVANI,ER DOE DT 10/57, S.K.C. ROAD 1ST STREET, 11 1496/1992 ANBARASU C. SUBRAMPATTI NALL ROAD, SURAMPATTI POST, ERODE - 638009. S.No. ROLL No. NAME OF ADVOCATE ADDRESS 422A, VAKKIL THOTTAM, MANICKAMPALAYAM, 12 2303/2006 ANITHA C. ERODE 638004 ERODE DIST. NO. 37/2, SELVAM NAGAR, 5TH STREET, 13 448/1994 ANNADURAI L. KUMILANKUTTAI, ERODE - 638011. 32/46, THIRUMALAI STREET, VEERAPPAN 14 220/1976 ANNADURAI M. CHATRAM (P.O.), ERODE 638004 2/16, RANA NAGAR, BHAVANI - 638301. ERODE 15 2407/2015 ANU RADHA V. DISTRICT. 82/A, KOVALAN STREET, TEACHERS COLONY, 16 1649/2014 ANUPRIYA M. ERODE - 638 011 NO.34, PANNAI NAGAR, VEERAPPAM 17 224/1988 APPUSAMY S. -
251602/2020/Marketing 412 251602/2020/Marketing
411 251602/2020/MARKETING 412 251602/2020/MARKETING Annexure-1 SCHEDULE FOR CONDUCTING CARDAMOM AUCTIONS BY LICENSED AUCTIONEERS AT BODINAYAKANUR AND PUTTADY E-AUCTION CENTRE FOR THE PERIOD FROM 01.01.2021 to 22.03.2021 Date Day E-Auction Time Name of the Auctioneer licensed to conduct the Centre Venue Auction 01.01.2021 Friday Puttady 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s Vandanmedu Green Gold Cardamom Producer Company Limited,Vandanmettu. 2.30 pm to 6 pm M/s Sugandhagiri Spices Promoters &Traders Private Limited, Nedumkandom. 02.01.2021 Saturday Bodinayakanur 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s Spice More Trading Company,Kumily. 2.30 pm to 6 pm M/s Green Cardamom Trading Company, Bodinayakanur. 04.01.2021 Monday Puttady 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s South Indian Green Cardamom Company Limited, Pampupara. 2.30 pm to 6 pm M/s Green House Cardamom Marketing India Private Limited, Puliyanmala. 05.01.2021 Tuesday Bodinayakanur 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s The Cardamom Planters Marketing Co-operative Society Limited, Kumily. 2.30 pm to 6 pm M/s Cardamom Planters Association, Santhanpara. 06.01.2021 Wednesday Puttady 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s Header Systems (India) Pvt Ltd, Nedumkandom. 2.30 pm to 6 pm M/s MAS Enterprises Limited,Vandanmettu. 07.01.2021 Thursday Bodinayakanur 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s Cardamom Growers Forever Private Limited, Bodinayakanur. 2.30 pm to 6 pm M/s The Kerala Cardamom Processing and Marketing Company Limited,Kumily. 08.01.2021 Friday Puttady 10 am to 1.30 pm M/s Idukki District Traditional Cardamom Producer Company Limited,Chakkupallam.