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Metal Mining and the Environment—A Bibliography

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Metal Mining and the Environment—A Bibliography LI.I u 0 compiled by Rebecca A. Christie WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Open File Report 94-16 September 1994 Funding for publication provided by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant X 000798-01-0 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF Natural Resources Jennifer M. Belcher- Commissioner of Public Lands Kaleen Cottingham - Supervisor Metal Mining and the Environment-A Bibliography Compiled by Rebecca A. Christie INTRODUCTION This bibliography is a compilation of materials relating to the reclamation of open-pit metal mines. References on coal, uranium, underground mines, and remediation of smelter damage are included if the information is applicable to open-pit metal mine reclamation. The materials included pertain to the abatement of acid drainage, treatment technologies for tailings and waste rock, physical contain­ ment methods, revegetation, and other reclamation issues for precious and base metal mines. The work is divided into 13 broad subject groupings. Subject headings used by the Library of Con­ gress, various databases, and other bibliographies were examined in the process of developing index terms. The index terms and subject categories used in this report were determined jointly by the com­ piler and David K. Norman, Washington's reclamation geologist. The bibliography is organized so that a reference may fall under multiple subject groupings. For ex­ ample, a work about preventing the formation of acid drainage in a tailings impoundment would be listed in both Section I, Acid drainage, and also in Section V, Tailings and surface impoundments. The index terms are appended to each citation. Some, but not all, of the listed materials are held in the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources reference library and (or) in the Division's surface mining literature file in Olympia, Wash­ ington. The bibliography is being sent to Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario, for inclusion in their Mining Environment Database. (See Appendix D.) This bibliography is also available on an MS-DOS diskette in Word Perfect 5.1 or ASCII. The file is about 800 kb. To receive a diskette copy, please send us a formatted 3.5-in. or 5.25-in. diskette, with a $1.00 check or money order made out to the Department of Natural Resouces to cover postage and handling. We will load the diskette and return it to you, along with a list of index terms. ASCII file users may want to acquire a paper copy of the bibliography because text formatting is lost in the con­ version to ASCII. TRI-STATE AGREEMENT ON MINING The Tri-State Agreement on Mining, implemented in 1993 and funded by U.S. Environmental Protec­ tion Agency grant X 000798-01-0, has facilitated information sharing among mine regulators and rec­ lamation professionals in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. This bibliography is one of Washington's contributions to this cooperative effort. CONT ACT PERSONS: David K. Norman, Reclamation Geologist Allen H. Throop, Reclamationist Bruce Schuld Washington Division of Geology and Earth Mined Land Reclamation Program Water Quality Compliance Officer Resources Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Idaho Department of Environmental Quality 1111 Washington St. S.E. Industries Southwest Idaho Regional Office P.O. Box 47007 1536 Queen Avenue S.E. 1420 N. Hilton Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Albany, OR 97321 Boise, ID 83706 (206) 902-143 9 (503) 967-2039 (208) 334-0554 fax (206) 902-1785 fax (503) 967-2075 fax (208) 334-5887 (Effective Jan. 15, 1995, the area code is 360.) Acknowledgments This project evolved into a document because of the support of Dave Norman, whose humor, pa­ tience, and interest in reclamation issues kept me on track. I thank Bill Lingley and Connie Manson at the Division of Geology and Earth Resources and Barbara Pearson at the Washington State Library for their assistance. CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 TRI-STATE AGREEMENT ON MINING BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 I. Acid drainage 3 A. Acid drainage - General works 7 B. Acid drainage - Chemistry and prediction 15 C. Acid drainage - Control 21 D. Acid drainage - Treatment - General works 24 E. Acid drainage - Treatment - Chemical 25 F. Acid drainage - Treatment - Biological 30 IL Mine waters and water quality 30 A. Hydrogeochemical modeling 31 B. Water chemistry 33 C. Water quality management 35 D. Water quality monitoring 39 III. Ore treatments - Cyanide, leaching, metallurgy 39 A. Cyanide - General works 40 B. Heap leaching/vat leaching/tank leaching and cyanide treatments 46 C. Non-cyanide metallurgical processes 49 IV. Wildlife and mining 52 V. Tailings and surface impoundments 52 A. Tailings - General works 59 B. Tailings - Impoundments 65 C. Tailings - Chemistry, geochemistry, biogeochemistry 67 D. Underwater tailings disposal 69 VI. Waste rock 76 VIL Erosion control and contaminant transport 78 VIII. Revegetation and plant-soil relationships 78 A. Revegetation 86 B. Soils 93 IX. Landform reclamation 95 X. Management and planning 99 XL Mining law and regulation 104 XII. Performance securities, costs, and equipment 107 XIII. Bibliographies APPENDICES 108 A. Selected government agencies and research organizations 108 B. Selected professional associations 109 C. Selected sources for publications 109 D. Mining Environment Database I. ACID DRAINAGE This section is divided into six subsections: A. Acid drainage - General Works B. Acid drainage - Chemistry and prediction C. Acid drainage - Control D. Acid drainage - Treatment - General works E. Acid drainage - Treatment - Chemical F. Acid drainage - Treatment - Biological I. A. ACID DRAINAGE - GENERAL Choubey, V. D.; Rawat, R. K., 1991, Davies, B. E., 1989, Mining effects on ecosys­ WORKS Hydrogeologic and environmental impact tems and their recovery. In Ravera, 0., ed­ Includes general works on acid mine of Amjhore pyrite mines, India: Environ­ itor, Ecological assessment of environmen­ drainage and acid rock drainage. mental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, tal degradation, pollution and recov­ no. l, p. 51-60. ery-Lectures of a course held at the Joint Acid Mine Drainage Seminar/Workshop, AMJHORE PYRITE MINES (INDIA)/ ACID Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, 1987: Elsev­ 1987, Acid Mine Drainage Seminar/Work­ DRAINAGE/ PYRITE ier Science Publishers B.V., p. 313-323. shop Proceedings, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Clarke, R. McV., 1974, The effects of effluents UNITED KINGDOM/ WALES/ LEAD/ GOLD/ March 23-26, 1987: Environment Canada, from metal mines on aquatic ecosystems in ACID DRAINAGE 617 p. Canada-A literature review: Environment Eger, A. P.; Lapakko, K. A., 1985, Heavy ACID DRAINAGE Canada Fisheries and Marine Service Tech­ metals study-Progress report on the field Ackman, T. E.; Cohen, K. K., 1994, Geophys­ nical Report no. 488, 150 p. leaching and reclamation study-1977- ical methods-Remote techniques applied CANADA/ ACID DRAINAGE/ WATER QUAL­ 1983: Minnesota Di vision of Minerals, to mining-related environmental and engi­ ITY MONITORING/ CYANIDE - HAZARDS 53 p. neering problems. In International land rec­ TO WILDLIFE/ WILDLIFE AND MINING DULUTH COMPLEX (MINNESOTA)/ COP­ lamation and mine drainage conference and Clift, A. E., 1990, Reclamation options for PER/ NICKEU STOCKPILES/ ACID DRAIN­ International conference on the abatement acid mine drainage at high-altitude metal AGE of acidic drainage, 3rd, Proceedings: U.S. mining site, near Fairplay, Colorado. In Errington, J. C.; Ferguson, K. D., 1987, Acid Bureau of Mines Special Publication SP Billings symposium on disturbed land reha­ mine drainage in British Columbia today 06D-94, p. 208-217. bilitation, 5th, Proceedings: Montana State and tomorrow. In Acid Mine Drainage ACID DRAINAGE University Reclamation Research Unit Seminar/Workshop Proceedings, Halifax, Applegate, R. J.; Kraatz, Maria, 1991, Reha­ Publication 9003, v. 2, p. 218-227. Nova Scotia, March 23-26, 1987: Environ­ bilitation of Rum Jungle uranium mine. In SOUTH MOSQUITO CREEK, COLO.I LON­ ment Canada, p. 67-87. International conference on the abatement DON MINE (COLORADO)/ ACID DRAINAGE BRITISH COLUMBIA/ ACID DRAINAGE of acidic drainage, 2nd, Proceedings: Can­ Craze, Barry, 1977, Restoration of Captains Errington, J. C.; Ferguson, K. D., 1987, Acid ada Mine Environment Neutral Drainage Flat mining area: Journal of Soil Conserva­ mine drainage in British Columbia-Today (MEND) Report 5.6.1, v. 3, p. 153-169. tion, New South Wales, v. 33, no. 2, p. and tomorrow. In Acid mine drainage: Brit­ RUM JUNGLE MINE (AUSTRALIA)/ COP­ 98-105. ish Columbia Mine Reclamation Sympo­ PER/ URANIUM/ ACID DRAINAGE CAPTAINS FLAT MINE (NEW SOUTH sium, Annual Meeting, 11th, Proceedings, Baum, Dan; Knox, M. L., 1992, 'We want WALES)/ ZINC/ PYRITE/ LEAD/ COPPER/ p. 7-29. people who have a problem with mine GOLD/ ACID DRAINAGE/ WASTE ROCK/ RE­ BRITISH COLUMBIA/ ACID DRAINAGE wastes to think of Butte': Smithsonian, v. VEGETATION Ese, Harald, 1991, Acidic mine drainage from 23, no. 8, p. 46-56. Craze, Barry, 1979, Mine waste pollution con­ the Killingdal mine, Norway. In Interna­ BUTTE, MONT.I BERKELEY PIT (MON­ trol at Captains Flat, New South Wales. In tional conference on the abatement of TANA)/ ARSENIC/ COPPER/ LEAD/ WASTE Trudinger, P. A.; Walter, M. R.; Ralph, B. acidic drainage, 2nd, Proceedings: Canada ROCK/ TAILINGS/ ACID DRAINAGE J., editors, Biogeochemistry of ancient and Mine Environment Neutral Drainage Bradshaw, A. D.; Chadwick, M. J., 1980, The modern environments: Springer-Verlag, p. (MEND) Report 5.6.1, v. 2, p. 163-172. restoration of land-The ecology and rec­ 705-712. KILLINGDAL MINE (NORWAY)/ COPPER/ lamation of derelict and degraded land: CAPTAINS FLAT MINE (NEW SOUTH ZINC/ ACID DRAINAGE University of California Press Studies in WALES)/ ZINC/ PYRITE/ COPPER/ LEAD/ Feasby, D. G.; Blanchette, M.; Tremblay, G. Ecology v. 6, 317 p. GOLD/ TAILINGS/ ACID DRAINAGE/ REVEG­ A.; Sirois, L. L., 1991, The Mine Environ­ ETATION REVEGETATION/ ACID DRAINAGE/ LAND­ ment Neutral Drainage (MEND) Program. FORM RECLAMATION/ SOILS/ TAILINGS/ Danielson, Luke; McNamara, Alix, 1993, The In International conference on the abate­ WASTE ROCK Summitville mine-What went wrong: ment of acidic drainage, 2nd, Proceedings: Colorado Department of Natural Resources Brawner, C.
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