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SOIL Surveysoil Survey Issued August 1968 Recent iii~~estigationsindicate that some soils between Crowlcy's Ridge and the Miss. River are not as wet as previously thought and as used for interpretations in thi: SOIL SURVEYsoil survey. Additional investigations are being plannec to collect data that is needed to update this soil survey. Cross County, Arkansas UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Soil Conservation Service In cooperation with ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Major fieldwork for this soil survey was done in the period 1958-63. Soil names and descrip- tions were approved in 1966. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in the publication refer to conditions in the county in 1963. This survey was made cooperatively by the Soil Conser- vation Service and the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station; it is part of the tech- nical assistance furnished to the Cross County Soil and Water Conservation District. HOW TO USE THIS SOIL SURVEY HIS SOIL SURVEY contains infor- have the same limitation or suitability. Tmaition that can be applied in manag- For example, soils that have a slight ing farms and woodlands; in selecting limitation for a given use can be colored sites for roads, ponds, buildings, or other green, those with a moderate limitation structures; and m appraising the value of can .be colored yellow, and those with a tracts of land for agriculture, industry, or severe limitation can be colored red. recreation. Famners and those who work with famters can learn about use and manage- ment of the soils in the soil descriptions Locating Soils and in the section "Management by Capa- All of the soils of Cross County are bility Units." shown on the detailed map at the back of Foresters and others can refer to the this survey. This map consists of many section "Use of the Soils for Woodland," sheerts that are made from aerial photo- where the soils of the county are grouped graphs. Each sheet is numbered to wr- according to their suitability for trees. respond with numbers shown on the Index Game managers and sportmn can find to Map Sheets. information of interest in the section On each sheet of the detailed map, soil "Wildlife." areas are vcltlined and are identified by Comwnity planners and others con- symbol. All areas marked with the same cerned with suburban development can symbol are the same kind of soil. The soil read about soil properties that affect the symbol is inside the area if there is enough choice of homesites, industrial sites, room ; otherwise, ilt is outside and a pointer schmls, and ,parks in the section "Use of shows where the symbol belongs. Soils for Buildin Sites, Recreational Facilities, and Traf cways." ad Engineers and builders can find under F'indhg Using Infonnation "Engineering Uses of the Soils" tables The "Guide to Mapping Units" can be that give engineering descriptions of the used to find information in the survey. soils in the county and that name soil This guide lists all of the soils of the features that affect engineering practices county in alphabetic order by map symbol. and struckures. It shows the page where each kind of soil Scientists and others can read about is described and also the page for the how the soils were formed and how they ,- capability unit, woodland group, and are classified in the section "Formation, wildlife pup. Classification, and Morphology of the Individual colored maps showing the Soils." relative suitability or limitation of soils Newcomrs in Cross Cownty may be for many specific purposes other than especially interested in -the section "Gen- cultivated crops, woodland, and wildlife eral Soil Map," where broad patterns of can be developed by using the soil map soils are described. They may also be inter- and information in the test. Translucent ested in the section "General Nature of material can be used as an overlay over the 'County," which gives additional infor- the soil map and colored to show soils that mation about the county. Cover picture : Rice growing on Crow- ley and Hillemann silt loams, 0 to 1 percent slopes. U.S. GOYERNM PRlNTlNG OFFICE: 1968 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.8. Qovemment Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Contents Page Description of the soils-Continued Page How this survey was made------------- 1 Memphis series- ------ - - - - --- - - --- - 22 General soil map-- - ----------------- 2 Ochlockonee series- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23 1. Crowley-Hiiemann-Henry. asso- Providence series- - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - 23 ciation- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Rough broken land--- -------------- 24 2. Calloway-Henry-Loring associa- Zachary series----------------- ---- 24 tion------------------------ Use and management of the soils- -- - -- 24 3. Henry-Calloway association - - - - - Capability groups of soils ------- ---- 24 4. Loring-Memphls associatlon - -- - - Management by capability units-- - - - 25 5. Rough broken land-Gullied land Predicted yields--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 association-.- - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - - Use. of. the soils for woodland- ------- 30 6. Zachary association-------,---- --Wddlife--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 7. Arkabutla-Collms associatlon- - - - Engineering uses of the soils---- -- - - - 35 .8. Mantachie-Iuka-Ochlockonee. as- Engineering classiicatlon systems- - 35 socia tion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Engineering test data-- - -- - - - - - - - - 36 9. Dubbs-Dundee association-------- Estimated properties- -,- - - - - - __- - - - 37 10. Alhgator-Earle association--_----- Engineering mterpretations--, - - - - - 37 Descriptions of the soils- ------------- Clay mineralogy of selected soils and Alligator series- - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - its effect on engineering use- - - - 46 Amagon series-- - - - - ------------ - --- Use of soils for building sites, recrea- Arkabutla series- --------- - - -- - - - - - - tional facilities, and trafficways- - - - 48 Bowdre series- - - ----__---- - ---- ---- Formation, classification, and morphol- Calhoun series --------------- ------ ogy of the soils ------------------ 52 Calloway series----- --------- ------ Formation of the soils -------------- 52 Collins series- ------- - -.- - - - - - - - ---- - Climate---. - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - 52 Crowley series-- ------- - - --- ---- - --- Living organisms-- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 3 --------- - -- Dubbs series- - - ------- - Parent material ---------- - -- - ---- 54 Dundee series- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Relief .......................... 54 Earle series- - - - ------------------- Time_-------------------------- 54 Foley series ....................... Classification of the spils-- - ------- - - 54 Grenada series---- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - Morphology of the soils ------------- 55 ----- - - - - - - - - - - - Grubbs series - - - - - - General nature of the county ---------- 56 Gullied land -------------- - - ------- Climate........................... 57 Henry series------ ---- ------------ - Physiography, relief, and drainage-- - - 57 Hillemann series- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - Water---------------------------- 58 Iuka series........................ ...................... Le~ington~series- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Literature cited 58 Loring senes- - -------------------- Glossary.......................... 59 Mantachie series- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guide to mapping units- - - - - - - - Following 61 I Issued August 1968 SOIL SURVEY OF CROSS COUNTY, ARKANSAS BY JAMES L. GRAY AND VERNON R. CATLETT. SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, IN COOPERATION WITH THE ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ROSS COUNTY is in east-central Arkansas (fig. 1). is in each orchards. Acreage controls on cotton and rice It is about 20 miles long and 30 miles wide and has n and tK e short.age of labor have encouraged the trend landC area of 400,640 acres. toward growing more soybeans. Mechanization and chem- The soils of the county formed in alluvium and loess. ical weed control have partly offset the shortage of labor Those in the eastern half of the county are nearly level caused by migration of laborers from farm to industry. soils that formed in alluvium and have been flooded by backwater from the Mississippi River and its tributary, the St. Francis. The soils in the rest of the county formed How This Survey Was Made in loess. Soil scientists made this survey to learn what kinds of soils are in Cross County, where they are located, and how they can be used. They went into the county knowing they likely mould find many soils they had already seen and perhaps some they had not. As they traveled over the county, they observed steepness, length, and shape of slopes; size and speed of streams; kinds of native plants or crops ; kinds of rock; and many facts about the soils. They dug many holes to expose soil profiles. A profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil ;it extends from the surface down into the parent material that has not been changed much by leaching or by roots of plants. The soil scientists made comparisons among the profiles they studied, and they compared these profiles with those in counties nearby and in places more distant. They classi- fied and named the soils according to nationwide, uniforin procedures. To use this publication efficiently, it is neces- sary to know the kinds of groupings most used in a local soil classification. Soils that have profiles almost alike make up a
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