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Schreyerite, Vztisoe, a New Mineral

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Schreyerite, Vztisoe, a New Mineral American Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages I182-l 186, 1978 Schreyerite,VzTisOe, a newmineral Orep MnoaNBACH Institut tilr M ineralogie, Ruhr-Uniuersitiit D-4630 Bochum, West Germany ANDKARL Sctrunrznn I nsti tut fitr M ineral ogie, Rupp recht - Karl - Uniu e rs itiit D-6900 H eidelberg, l(est Germany Abstract Schreyerite,a new vanadiumtitanium oxide with the composition(Vo.rrCroo.Alo.0r)2Tisoe givingidealized VrTirOr, is describedfrom the Kwale District, southof Voi, Kenya.The ore mineraloccurs as exsolutionlamellae and particlesin rutile coexistingwith kyanite,sillima- nite, tourmaline,and kornerupinein a highly metamorphosedgneiss. The reflectivityof schreyeriteis 2l percent,and the microhardnessafter Knoop is l100-1200kp/mm,.The d valuesof 4.075(m ), 3.381(m), 2.874(s), 2.737 (vs), and 2.a32(w) suggesta directanalogy to an Anderssonphase (Cro.ruFe6.,u)2TisO" with a monoclinicunit cell. The investigationof a depositof greenvanadium- overlyingweathered zone were collected by Dr. H. bearingkornerupine from Kenya (Schmetzeret al., Krupp, Heidelberg,who visitedthe mine in 1974.The 1974)has revealedthe presenceof a new vanadium strongly weathered,highly metamorphosedgneiss mineral through observationsin reflectedlight. The contains quartz, biotite, tourmaline, diopside,and mineralis calledschreyerite in honour of Professor epidote.The most abundantopaque minerals are Dr. Werner Schreyer,Professor of Mineralogyat graphite and rutile, although traces of pyrrhotite, Ruhr University,Bochum (F.R. Germany),distin- chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are also found. guishedfor his mineralogicaland petrologicalwork Schreyeritealways occurs in intergrowthwith rutile. on kornerupine-and sapphirine-bearingrocks. The The rutile grainsin the gneissreach a diameterof up mineral and its name have been approvedby the to 0.5mmand are partly idiomorphic.The ratio of Commissionof New Mineralsand Mineral Names of schreyeriteto rutile is stronglyvariable. In one sec- the IMA. Type materialis depositedin the Instituteof tion, rutile crystalsdevoid of schreyeritecoexist with Mineralogyand Petrology,University of Heidelberg, others containing predominantlyschreyerite. Inter- D-6900Heidelberg (F.R. Germany). growths of the latter range from finest exsolution lamellae(Figs. I and2) throughcoarser lamellae to prominentcompact sections (Figs. 3a and 3b). Even Occurrenceand paragenesis the finest lamellaeshow strong polysynthetictwin- Around 1970emerald-green kornerupine crystals ning. In some casesthe intergrowth has a definite of gem quality were discovered6km southeastof orientationto the rutile. In the cyclic rutile twin LasambaHill (4'12'S,38o40'E) in the Kwale Dis-' shown in Figure 2, two exsolutionlamellae of trict, south of Voi, Kenya. The kornerupinecame schreyeriteoriented parallel to the rutile twin plane from a deeplyweathered layer about 2m thick, which {l0l} or {301}may be observed.From this andother wassystematically searched for materialof gemqual- observationsin different sections(for exampleFig. ity. Exploratory excavationsshowed that the host l), one can argue that parts of the orientedinter- rock consistsof alternatinglayers of gneissand growthsare parallelto {l0l} in rutile. In the more quartzite.Further informationon the geologyand stronglyweathered parts of the gneiss,schreyerite is petrologyof this particulararea is not available.The alteredto a spotty, inhomogeneoussubstance with samplesof schreyerite-bearingcountry rock and the lowerreflectivity (Figs. 3a and 3b, phasex). 0003-004x/78/I I l2-1182$02.00 I 182 MEDENBACH AND SCHMETZER: SCHREYERITE I 183 Fig. l. Euhedral rutile crystal elongated parallel to the c axis lamellaeof schreyerite.Reflected lisht, oil fr,l"lrT":-rtution Fig. 3. Rutile intergrowth with schreyeritewhich is partly altered into an unknown phasex. The unusually coarse appearanceis due to an orientation effect. Reflected light, oil immersion; (a) in plane Physical properties polarized light, rutile (R) (white), schreyerite (S) (bright grey)' polarizers The reflectivityof schreyeriteis only slightlylower alteration product (X) (dark grey); (b) under crossed showing anisotropy and twinning of schreyerite. than that of rutile;the color is reddish-brown.There is a weakpleochroism from yellow-brownto reddish- brown. With oil immersion the contrastsbetween rutile and schreyeritebecome clearer, and the red- small size of the untwinnedareas, no reproducible dish-browncolor is more intense.With crossedpo- measurementsof the spectralreflectivity could be larizersa moderateanisotropism becomes evident, so obtained.The meanvalue for 546nm (Na light)is 2l that the very fine lamellar twinning is very distinct percent.From this, neglectingabsorption, an index (Fig. 3). Internal reflectionswere never observed,a of refractionof 2.7 canbe calculated.Microhardness fact that points to an opaquebehaviour of schreye- is slightlyhigher than that of rutileand gives Knoop rite. This was confirmed by investigatingpolished hardnessnumbers between ll00 and 1200kp/mm2. thin sectionsin transmittedlight. The sectionswere Solubility testswith inorganicacids were negative' coveredby a thin aluminumfoil with a smallhole grainsrich in schreyeritethat directlyabove the rutile ChemicalcomPosition had been selectedfor investigation.The foil effec- tively blocks transmittedlight from the surrounding Chemical analyseswere made with an Anl-Etvtx Nb silicates.The reflectivitywas measuredwith a Leitz microprobe.The standardsused were synthetic synthetic OrthoplanPol togetherwith an MPV2.Owing to the and Ta oxide for Nb and Ta respectively, rutile for Ti, analysedchromite for Al, Cr, Mg, and Fe, analysedpyroxmangite for Mn, and analysed vanadinitefor V. Six representativeanalyses (Nos. l- 6) are shown in Table 1. The mean composition yields the formula (Vo.rrCro.ouAlo.ol)2TisOe,giving idealizedV2TisOe, which corresponds to 61.53weight percent TiOz and 38.47 weight percent VrOs. The coexistingrutile is vanadium-bearing.Three rutile analyses(Nos. 7-9) arealso given in Tablel. Quan- titative analysesof the alterationproduct (phasex) could not be made becauseof the high content of volatileelements (HrO?) and the rapid decomposi- tion underthe electronbeam. Energy-dispersive anal- yseswith a Si(Li) detectorgave as main elementsTi, V, Al, and Cr. Figure 4 comparesthe energy-dis- twin of rutile with orientedexsolution lamellae of Fig. 2. Cyclic persivespectra of the unknown phasex, schreyerite, schreyerite(S) parallel to the rutile twin plane {101}or {301}. Reflectedlight, oil immersion. and the coexistingvanadium-bearing rutile. MEDENBACH AND SCHMETZER: SCHREYERITE Tablel. Microprobeanalysis of schreyerite(anal. nos. l-6) and coexistingrutile (anal. nos. 7-9) urti3og No. 3 No. 5 No. 5 No. J No, 8 No. 9 caIcul. Nb^0_ n.d. n.d. 0.06 0.09 Ta^O- o.01 n.d, O. Ol+ 0.03 n.d. n.d. Tin 62.o Ai < 60.9 61.7 97.o 98.0 A1^0- o.56 0,)+1 o.52 0, 1+3 n.d. n.d. 1J v^0- 35.9 35.3 1.90 1.79 1J 2.28 2.22 2. ).18 1 05 0.08 0.08 Meo 0.1]+ 0.13 0.1)+ 0.o7 n.d, n.d, Mn0 0.03 0.01 n. d. n.d. O.O2 n,d. FeO 0. 10 0.06 0. 05 0.18 n.d. 0.05 Sm 100.83 99.73 99.66 100. 00 99.O5 100-oi Cataons based on 9 oxy Cations based. on ti 2.966 2.972 2.975 3.O00 0.986 0.981 0.98Ir o.o3t o.o3o 0. 0\0 0.000 0.oo0 0.000 1.882 1.881 1.85\ 2.O00 0.017 0.020 0.019 Cr o. 117 0.112 o.127 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.012 0.011 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fe 0. 00j+ 0. 002 o.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 Sm 5.O12 5.001 5.008 ++ --1M' 2 .030 1.999 2.O23 ttt "2M 2.982 3.002 2.985 t not detected tt V+Cr+A1 +++ Ti +Mo+M.+I'a X-ray crystallography the syntheticphases FezTisOg and (Cr..uFeo.ru)2Ti3Or. The latter are membersof the Anderssonphases with Due to the intergrowth with rutile and the limited the generalformula M2M(o-2)O(2,-r;(Grey and Reid, amount of material available,neither single crystals 1972).From the similarity of the chemical formula nor concentratesofschreyerite could be separatedfor and the d values betweenschreyerite and those An- X-ray investigations. Rutile grains with a high derssonphases with n : 5, we assumethat the crystal schreyeritecontent were picked out of the polished structuresare the same.The structuresof the Anders- sectionsand cleaned from silicateswith HF. The d son phasescan be clearly derivedby meansof crystal- values measured on these powdered grains with a lographic shear from the rutile structure, or as ori- Debye-Scherrercamera (ll4.6mm diameter, FeKa) ented intergrowths of VrOu and PbO, structure types. werecontrolled by further films of singlegrains made A detailed discussionof these shear structure com- with a Gandolfi camera (57.3mm diameter). All in- pounds is given in Grey and Reid (1972), Grey et al. vestigatedgrains similar to the one in Figure 3 show (1973), Hyde et al. (1974), and others. Electron dif- predominantly rutile in the powder patterns, thus fraction patterns show that the primitive unit cell implying that the coarseappearance of the schreye- which Grey and Reid (1972) derived for Fe2TisO, rite is due to the subparallelorientation of thin la- may also be describedas a body centered unit cell mellae to the plane of the section. All films gave with a crystallographicshear plane (132) (Grey et al., identical X-ray patterns without any addilional lines 1973).The two alternative indexing schemesas well except for rutile. The d values of schreyerite (with as the lattice constants of FezTirO, and schreyerite rutile lines eliminated) are listed in Table 2. A com- are given in Tables 2 and 3 (see the discussionin parison of thesevalues with those of oxides with the Hyde et al., 1974). We
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