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Joseph Stalin Revolutionary, Politician, Generalissimus and Dictator
Military Despatches Vol 34 April 2020 Flip-flop Generals that switch sides Surviving the Arctic convoys 93 year WWII veteran tells his story Joseph Stalin Revolutionary, politician, Generalissimus and dictator Aarthus Air Raid RAF Mosquitos destory Gestapo headquarters For the military enthusiast CONTENTS April 2020 Page 14 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Russian Special Forces outside the military could hope to under- stand. Some of the terms Features 34 were humorous, some A matter of survival were clever, while others 6 This month we continue with were downright crude. Ten generals that switched sides our look at fish and fishing for Imagine you’re a soldier heading survival. into battle under the leadership of Part of Hipe’s “On the a general who, until very recently 30 couch” series, this is an been trying very hard to kill you. interview with one of How much faith and trust would Ranks you have in a leader like that? This month we look at the author Herman Charles Army of the Republic of Viet- Bosman’s most famous 20 nam (ARVN), the South Viet- characters, Oom Schalk Social media - Soldier’s menace namese army. A taxi driver was shot Lourens. Hipe spent time in These days nearly everyone has dead in an ongoing Hanover Park, an area a smart phone, laptop or PC plagued with gang with access to the Internet and Quiz war between rival taxi to social media. -
Biosecurity in Putin's Russia
EXCERPTED FROM Biosecurity in Putin’s Russia Raymond A. Zilinskas and Philippe Mauger Copyright © 2018 ISBN: 978-1-62637-698-4 hc 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com Contents List of Tables and Figures vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Putin’s Direction in the Biosciences 1 Notes 6 2 The Legacy of the Soviet Union’s Biological Warfare Program 7 The First-Generation Program, 1928–1971 7 The Second-Generation Program, 1972–1992 9 Legacy in Russia 10 Conclusions 23 Notes 25 3 Russian Biosecurity and Military Modernization 33 Russia’s Military R&D Doctrine 35 Biosecurity Threat Perceptions and Biodefense Programming 51 A Warning Sign: The Hawks Within the NBC Troops 66 Conclusions 68 Annex 3.1 Selected Russian Documents and Statements 75 Annex 3.2 Russia’s Science and Technology Priorities Since 2002 76 Notes 77 4 Biodefense and High-Technology Research and Development 87 Russian Ministry of Defense Institutions 91 Military Institutions Responsible for Advanced Weapons Acquisition Planning and R&D 115 Select Military-Industrial Complex Institutions 125 Civilian Research Institutes with Biodefense Roles 131 v vi Contents Open Financial Flows Throughout Both Military and Civilian Networks 154 Conclusions 159 Annex 4.1 A 2008 NBC Troops’ Tender Describing Future Infrastructure Work 162 Annex 4.2 Russia’s Scientific Electronic Library: eLibrary.ru 165 Notes 167 5 Civilian Bioscience and Biotechnology Since 2005 199 Developments in Biotechnology 200 Federal Programs, 2005–2016 207 Case Study 1: Consolidation of Russian Pharmaceutical Production 227 Case Study 2: Space Biology Projects 235 Case Study 3: Reforming the Russian Academies 240 Conclusions 249 Annex 5.1 Excerpts from Science in Siberia no. -
RUSSIA INTELLIGENCE Politics & Government
N°66 - November 22 2007 Published every two weeks / International Edition CONTENTS KREMLIN P. 1-4 Politics & Government c KREMLIN The highly-orchestrated launching into orbit cThe highly-orchestrated launching into orbit of of the «national leader» the «national leader» Only a few days away from the legislative elections, the political climate in Russia grew particu- STORCHAK AFFAIR larly heavy with the announcement of the arrest of the assistant to the Finance minister Alexey Ku- c Kudrin in the line of fire of drin (read page 2). Sergey Storchak is accused of attempting to divert several dozen million dol- the Patrushev-Sechin clan lars in connection with the settlement of the Algerian debt to Russia. The clan wars in the close DUMA guard of Vladimir Putin which confront the Igor Sechin/Nikolay Patrushev duo against a compet- cUnited Russia, electoral ing «Petersburg» group based around Viktor Cherkesov, overflows the limits of the «power struc- home for Russia’s big ture» where it was contained up until now to affect the entire Russian political power complex. business WAR OF THE SERVICES The electoral campaign itself is unfolding without too much tension, involving men, parties, fac- cThe KGB old guard appeals for calm tions that support President Putin. They are no longer legislative elections but a sort of plebicite campaign, to which the Russian president lends himself without excessive good humour. The objec- PROFILE cValentina Matvienko, the tive is not even to know if the presidential party United Russia will be victorious, but if the final score “czarina” of Saint Petersburg passes the 60% threshhold. -
Eugene Miakinkov
Russian Military Culture during the Reigns of Catherine II and Paul I, 1762-1801 by Eugene Miakinkov A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics University of Alberta ©Eugene Miakinkov, 2015 Abstract This study explores the shape and development of military culture during the reign of Catherine II. Next to the institutions of the autocracy and the Orthodox Church, the military occupied the most important position in imperial Russia, especially in the eighteenth century. Rather than analyzing the military as an institution or a fighting force, this dissertation uses the tools of cultural history to explore its attitudes, values, aspirations, tensions, and beliefs. Patronage and education served to introduce a generation of young nobles to the world of the military culture, and expose it to its values of respect, hierarchy, subordination, but also the importance of professional knowledge. Merit is a crucial component in any military, and Catherine’s military culture had to resolve the tensions between the idea of meritocracy and seniority. All of the above ideas and dilemmas were expressed in a number of military texts that began to appear during Catherine’s reign. It was during that time that the military culture acquired the cultural, political, and intellectual space to develop – a space I label the “military public sphere”. This development was most clearly evident in the publication, by Russian authors, of a range of military literature for the first time in this era. The military culture was also reflected in the symbolic means used by the senior commanders to convey and reinforce its values in the army. -
THE LAND WARFARE PAPERS Perestroika and Soviet Military
THE LAND WARFARE PAPERS No.5 OCTOBER 1990 Perestroika and Soviet Military Personnel By Robert B. Davis A National Security Affairs Paper Published on Occasion by THE INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Arlington, Virginia PERESTROIKA AND SOVIET MILITARY PERSONNEL by Robert B. Davis THE INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AN AUSA INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE PAPER In 1988 the Association of the United States Army (AUSA) established within its existing organization a new entity known as the Institute of Land Warfare. Its purpose is to extend the educational work of AUSA by sponsoring scholarly publications, to include books, monographs and essays on key defense issues, as well as workshops and symposia. A work selected for publication as a Land Warfare Paper represents research by the author which, in the opinion of the editorial board, will contribute to a better understanding of a particular defense or national security issue. Publication as an AUSA Institute of Land Warfare Paper does not indicate that the Association of the United States Army agrees with everything in the paper, but does suggest that AUSA believes the paper will stimulate the thinking of AUSA members and others concerned about important defense issues. LAND WARFARE PAPER NO. S, OCTOBER 1990 Perestroika and Soviet Military Personnel by Robert B. Davis Mr. Robert B. Davis is a research psychologist with the U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. Mr. Davis received his undergraduate degree from Arkansas College and his advanced degree from Troy State University, Alabama. -
Defence Policy of the Russian Federation
Defence policy of the Russian Federation Russia’s emergence as a sovereign state in 1991 led to claimed independence in 2008, Russia refused to recognise turmoil within and the disintegration of Soviet military struc- it, fearing that this case could become a precedent for all tures. Due to mass reduction of personnel, army organisation separatist-tending territories. fell into disarray, the industrial process was disrupted for lack The next escalation of tensions occurred in 2004 with of raw materials or components formerly supplied by other NATO expansion towards south-east Europe. As early as republics and regions, while logistic routes became unviable. 2000, in the previous Military Doctrine, NATO enlargement The political and economic crisis of the transitional period be- was assessed as representing a serious threat to Russia’s tween 1992 and 1999 and the disastrous war in Chechnya security. The question of NATO membership for Ukraine and brought about a far-reaching crisis in the armed forces and Georgia constitutes a red line for Russia. Having very lit- the military-industrial complex. It was not until the end of the tle influence on the current Ukrainian and Georgian political 1990s that the situation began to stabilise. During the decade establishment, Russia opts for harsh arguments when dis- of 1999-2009 the industrial and technological sectors under- cussing their potential membership in NATO: State officials went a large-scale restructuring process which was clearly claim that Ukrainian and Georgian aspirations to join NATO necessary for restoring Russia’s defence capability. could be a perfect justification for the secession of Crimea from Ukraine and the permanent separation from Georgia of THE RELATIONS WITH NATO the breakaway autonomous regions of Abkhazia and South In the latest Military Doctrine of 2010, NATO’s current pol- Ossetia. -
Russia's Armed Forces: the Power of Illusion
Russia's Armed Forces: The Power of Illusion Roger McDermott March 2009 Russia/NIS Center Ifri is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debates and research activities. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ alone and do not reflect the official views of their institutions. Russia/NIS Center © All rights reserved – Ifri – Paris, 2009 ISBN: 978-2-86592-476-9 IFRI IFRI-Bruxelles 27 RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THERESE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 – FRANCE 1000 BRUXELLES TEL. : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 TEL. : 32(2) 238 51 10 FAX : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 FAX : 32 (2) 238 51 15 E-MAIL : [email protected] E-MAIL : [email protected] WEBSITE : www.ifri.org R. McDermott / Russian Military Power Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an electronic collection dedicated to Russia and the other new independent states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy-oriented papers deal with strategic, political, and economic issues. -
Russian Federation RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: March 2018
Russian Federation RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: March 2018 KNOWYOURCOUNTRY Executive Summary - Russia Sanctions: US and EU Sanctions FAFT list of AML No Deficient Countries US Dept of State Money Laundering assessment Higher Risk Areas: Corruption Index (Transparency International & W.G.I.)) World Governance Indicators (Average score) Failed States Index (Political)(Average score) Compliance with FATF 40 + 9 Recommendations Medium Risk Areas: Major Investment Areas: Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts Exports - commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures Exports - partners: Netherlands 12.2%, China 6.4%, Italy 5.6%, Germany 4.6%, Poland 4.2% (2011) Imports - commodities: machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and -
Russia's Armed Forces on Modernisation Course. Progress
Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik ments German Institute for International and Security Affairs m Co Russia’s Armed Forces on Modernisation Course WP S Progress and Perspectives of Military Reform Margarete Klein and Kristian Pester In 2008 Russia’s Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov launched a mammoth project of comprehensive military reforms, whose objectives his successor Sergei Shoigu has also upheld since his November 2012 appointment. Despite deficits in recruitment, equip- ment and funding, Moscow’s armed forces have already accomplished the organisa- tional transition from mass mobilisation army to modern combat force. Although the reforms will not fundamentally change the balance of power with the United States, increased military muscle-flexing vis-à-vis Europe must be expected. Above all, however, the reforms expand Moscow’s ability to project power in the post-Soviet space and mili- tarily reinforce Putin’s efforts to tie that region more closely to Russia. In October 2008, immediately after the third, and with the arms industry, towards Russia-Georgia War exposed serious deficits which the reformers adopted a tougher in the Russian armed forces, Moscow ini- stance. Serdyukov’s dismissal on 6 Novem- tiated the most sweeping military reforms ber 2012 is therefore likely to have had for decades. The Russian leadership was deeper reasons than the officially cited seeking nothing less than massive mod- corruption investigations against Oboron- ernisation of an army that was still to a servis, a commercial enterprise under the large extent orientated on the concept of Defence Ministry. mass mobilisation. For conventional forces As his successor, Vladimir Putin ap- in particular this involves deep changes in pointed the former Minister for Emergency organisation and concept as well as weap- Situations and governor of the Moscow onry and personnel. -
Corruption in the Russian Defense Sector, Especially the Toughest Issues
Corruption in the The WPF Seminar Series Russian Defense Sector The World Peace Foundation, an by Polina Beliakova and operating foundation affiliated solely with The Fletcher School, Sam Perlo-Freeman aims to provide intellectual May 11, 2018 leadership on issues of peace, justice and security. It believes Introduction that innovative research and The World Peace Foundation, an teaching are critical to the operating foundation affiliated Today, Russia is the world’s fourth largest military spender and second solely with the Fletcher School at challenges of making peace largest arms exporter. Their arms industry is probably the third largest in around the world, and should go Tufts University, aims to provide the world, after the USA and China. The Russian arms industry, despite its hand-in-hand with advocacy and intellectual leadership on issues current strength, must be viewed within the legacy of the USSR. The current of peace, justice and security. It practical engagement with the Russian state inherited a significantly wounded, but still powerful system believes that innovative research of arms production and export. However, along with an aging industrial toughest issues. It regularly and teaching are critical to the infrastructure and global relations with importing countries, Russian convenes expert seminars to challenges of making peace leaders were endowed with an arms industry rife with corruption that pre- address today’s most pressing around the world, and should go dated the fall of the USSR and metastasized in the chaotic years that issues. The seminar, “Water and hand-in-hand with advocacy and followed. Today, corruption still constitutes a significant problem facing the Russian arms industry. -
The Patronage of Silovik Powers and Their Historical Presence in Russian Politics, London School of Economics Undergraduate Political Review, 4(1), 5-12
Sumedh Raghavan (2021), The Patronage of Silovik Powers and Their Historical Presence in Russian Politics, London School of Economics Undergraduate Political Review, 4(1), 5-12 The Patronage of Silovik Powers and Their Historical Presence in Russian Politics Sumedh Raghavan1 1University of Toronto, [email protected] Abstract Russian politics has often been the subject of academia, in an attempt to both understand and predict Russia-policy. I contend that ultimately, the deciding factor that drives Russian politics is not militarism, paranoia or post-Soviet hang-ups. Rather, it is Russia's historical system of political patronage. Keywords: Russian Politics; International Relations; Putin; Political History Post-Soviet politics has produced a plethora of literature that has attempted to predict, explain, analyse, and explore the inner workings of the Russian Federation. Often, these endeavours are structured on the centralization of Russian politics under Vladimir Putin. Recent foreign policy measures taken by the Putin administration have distanced the West from Russia and placed the two at odds once again. Among Western concerns is the resurgence of Russia as a military power, and by extension a global one. Beginning with the crushing of Chechen separatists, involvement in Georgia and Ukraine, support for the Assad government, and Putin’s often-touted goals of modernising Russia’s military, many of the narratives that have sought to explain Russian politics have focused on providing explanations for these activities. These narratives often explore how Russia would seek to return to a position of politico-military prestige, and what the underlying forces are that push it to do so. -
Moscow Defense Brief 1/2008
CONTENTS International Policy #1 (11), 2008 Ukraine, NATO and Russia 2 PUBLISHER Towards a Military Doctrine for Russia 5 Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Russian Army Technologies Serdyukov Cleans Up the Arbat 7 CAST Director & Publisher Ruslan Pukhov Reform of Military Education in Russia 10 Editor-in-Chief Towards the Restoration of Russian Air Power 13 Mikhail Barabanov Short Term Rearmament Prospects Advisory Editors Konstantin Makienko of Russia’s Armored Forces 17 Alexey Pokolyavin Researchers Ruslan Aliev Arms Trade Sergey Denisentsev Crisis: Algeria Refuses Delivery of MiG-29SMT Fighters 19 Polina Temerina Dmitry Vasiliev Facts & Figures Editorial Office 3 Tverskaya-Yamskaya, 24, office 5, Export Deliveries of Armoured Vehicles Moscow, Russia 125047 from Russian Plants 1992–2007 21 phone: +7 495 251 9069 fax: +7 495 775 0418 Contracts on Export http://www.mdb.cast.ru/ of Russian SAM Systems 1992–2007 22 To subscribe contact phone: +7 495 251 9069 23 or e-mail: [email protected] Our Authors Moscow Defense Brief is published by the Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording or otherwise, without reference to Moscow Defense Brief. Please note that, while the Publisher has taken all reasonable care in the compilation of this publication, the Publisher cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions in this publication or for any loss arising therefrom. Authors’ opinions do not necessary reflect those of the Publisher or Editor Computer design & pre-press: ZEBRA-GROUP www.zebra-group.ru Cover Photo: Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov during his trip to the 201st Motorized Rifle Division in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.