Specification for Arctic Topographic Mapping 1:50 000

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping 1:50 000

Edition 1.0

June 2015

Table of contents

Preface ...... 4 Content ...... 4 Editors ...... 4 Technical requirements ...... 5 Quality ...... 5 Editors addresses ...... 8 Object catalogue ...... 9 Object class TRAFFIC ...... 11 ROAD ...... 11 PATH ...... 12 SNOW TRAIL ...... 13 TUNNEL ...... 15 RUNWAY ...... 16 HELIPORT ...... 17 HELISTOP ...... 18 Object class BUILDING ...... 19 BUILDING ...... 19 HUT ...... 20 GREENHOUSE ...... 21 TANK/SILO ...... 22 ANCIENT MONUMENT ...... 23 BUILT-UP AREA ...... 24 Object class HYDROGRAPHY ...... 25 COAST LINE ...... 25 LAKE ...... 26 RIVER ...... 27 RIVER BANK ...... 28 DITCH ...... 29 SPRING ...... 30 HARBOUR...... 31 JETTY ...... 32 SKERRY ...... 33 Object class LAND COVER ...... 34 ICE ...... 34 NUNATAK ...... 35 RIVER DELTA ...... 36 FOREST ...... 37 WETLAND ...... 38 SCRUB VEGETATION ...... 39 BOULDER FIELD ...... 40 ERRATIC BLOCK ...... 41 Object class LAND USE ...... 42 AGRICULTURE ...... 42 CEMETERY ...... 43 MINING ...... 44

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DUMPING SITE ...... 45 EMBANKMENT ...... 46 DIKE...... 47 FENCE ...... 48 HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST ...... 49 POWER LINE ...... 50 PIPELINE ...... 51 TELEMAST ...... 52 SKI LIFT ...... 53 CAIRN ...... 54 SEAMARK ...... 55 TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION ...... 56 Object class ADMINISTRATIVE ...... 57 PLACE NAME ...... 57 NATURE RESERVE ...... 60 MUNICIPALITY BORDER ...... 61 BORDER ...... 62 POINT OF INTEREST ...... 63 Object class DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL ...... 64 GRID POINT ...... 64 SPOT ELEVATION ...... 65 CONTOUR LINE ...... 66

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Preface

This is the first written specification that describes and specifies the topographic mapping of Greenland in its entirety.

The scope of this specification is to describe and specify the mapping procedures for a topographic base map of the Arctic landareas, at a reference scale of 1:50 000.

This document outlines specifically the mapping of Greenland, but it is generic and is meant to be used for mapping Arctic landareas in general.

This specification for Arctic topographic mapping is meant to be used

 For establishing a nationwide geospatial topographic database covering Greenland  For production of a nationwide base map at a reference scale of 1:50 000  For production of derived and thematic maps on smaller scales  As map base for referencedata  As map base for monitoring, surveillance, analyses, planning and administration  As map base for GIS  As map base for services on the internet e.g. webGIS and print on demand

Content

The specification is a technical guideline describing the map features/topographic objects and the topographic mapping requirements for mapping Arctic landareas. The specification is meant to be used during the mapping proces and the quality assurance procedures.

The specification determines  The technical requirements  The object catalogue, including feature content  The topographic object definitions and their mapping representation  Examples of data sources for data capture

The specification describes the data sources for each feature, but does not describe production methods or production tools.

The topographic objects can be captured from various mapping sources, such as satellite images, aerial photos (from airplane or drone/UAV), land surveys, crowdsourcing, administrative revisions and others.

Geodata, covering urban areas such as towns and settlements in Greenland, are not captured based on this specification. Geodata for urban areas will be based on selected and generalized data derived from Asiaq´s technical base maps at a scale of 1:1 000.

Editors

The specification is made by Asiaq, Greenland Survey in cooperation with Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency and GEUS, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.

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Technical requirements

Datum, projection, coordinates and height system

For mapping Greenland, Geodetic reference is GR96 and local UTM zones are used for horizontal registration. Quality

All captured data must meet the requirements of this specification, regarding completeness and geometric, thematic and logical accuracy.

Completeness is defined as the percentage of the captured objects in relation to those which can be identi- fied in the aerial photos or satellite images, and which meets the requirements for registration. For in situ capturing, it is in relation to objects detected in the landscape.

Completeness for ROAD, BUILDING and COAST LINE objects: 100 %.

Completeness for any other objects: >=97 %.

The geometric accuracy is defined as the coordinate accuracy in the horizontal and vertical planes at the individual points. The accuracy is determined from the deviation between the actual position of the object in the terrain, and the captured position (the camber). The horizontal and vertical accuracy must be 3 meters or better.

The thematic accuracy is defined as whether objects are captured with the correct object types, attributes and attribute values. This also includes correct spelling.

The thematic accuracy for all objects: >=99 %.

The logical accuracy is defined as whether or not data fulfils the requirements for topology and structure as listed below.

Subject Requirement Accuracy in % Geometry type Correct geometry type (point, line or polygon). 100 % Snapping Missing or wrong links must not occur. >=97 % Identical objects Geometrically identical objects with the same object type >=99 % and same attribute values must not occur. Polygons All polygons must be closed polygons with no crossings, 100 %. bisections or overlaps, and with correct cut-out. Network topology Line objects must be joined and separated correctly. ROAD and COAST LINE 100 % Any other objects >=99 % Minimum size All objects must be captured with the correct minimum 100 % size. Spline and circle Splines, circles and circular arcs must not occur. All objects 100 % must be points or composed of vectors. Zero vector Zero vectors must not occur. A zero vector is a vector with 100 % an identical set of coordinates (3D) at both ends. The vector has no extent. Vertical vector Vertical vectors must not occur. A vertical vector is a vec- 100 %

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tor with identical plan coordinates (2D) at both ends but with different heights. Backloop and spike Backloops or spikes must not occur in line or polygon ob- 100 % jects. A backloop or spike is where the line doubles back on itself before continuing. A return angle of less than 30o is an error. Metadata Metadata must be correct and complete. 100 %

Set of coordinates

All points in an object must contain a 3D set of coordinates; easting (x), northing (y) and height (z) in meters.

Object sizes

The stated minimum sizes are set as the main rule. Deviations are described in the respective object paragraphs. If an object in open land is estimated to have a topographic/administrative significance or value for the map representation, the object can be captured, even though the object is below the minimum size.

Snap principles

Objects are snapped where the capturing of the object is within the registration accuracy.

As a general rule, all objects are snapped in 3D. Description of 2D snapping is described in the respective object paragraphs.

Where data from open land meets Asiaq´s technical base map covering urban areas such as towns and settlements, all objects must be snapped according to this specification.

Point types

The objects may contain four different types of points: End point, common point, intermediate point and ramification point.

An end point is the start or end set of coordinates of an object. An object must always be registered from end point to end point.

A common point is a set of coordinates which are shared by two or more objects. If the objects lie at the same height, it is called a 3D common point. If the objects lie at different heights, it is called a 2D common point. A point can be a common point between two or more objects, as well as an end point for one or more of those objects.

An intermediate point in an object is neither an end point nor a common point.

A ramification point in an object is an end point in which three or more objects with the same object type meet. This point type only occurs in object types in a network.

Types of geometry

The geometry of an object must consist of one of the following three geometry types: Point, line or polygon.

A point must only consist of one single set of coordinates.

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A line must consist of one or more connected vectors. A line cannot cross or bisect itself.

A polygon must consist of three or more vectors. The starting point must be identical with the last vector's last set of coordinates (end point). The edge of a polygon object cannot cross or bisect itself or another polygon. A polygon must have an area of > 0.

Common/shared geometry

Where two or more object types in the terrain follows each other, the objects must be captured with shared geometry.

Cut out

A polygon consists of one outer line and can have either none or up to several inner limitations. Such inner limitations are called cut outs. A cut out is an integrated part of the polygon and must have the same object type as the outer limitation.

When a classified polygon object lies inside another polygon object as an enclave, e. g. a nunatak inside a glacier, there must be shared geometry between the objects.

Unclassified open land inside a classified area must be captured as a cut out area. An example of an unclassified cut out area is a glade or clearing in a forest. The minimum size for an unclassified cut out area is 2 500 m2.

Network

The objects in a network must always be broken at a ramification point, changes in attributes, and when meeting with an object of another type.

Attributes

An attribute is a property or characteristic of an object and its utilization or status, defined by a name and a value.

If a topographic object has an attribute, it is stated for each object.

A topographic object planned to be constructed or a topographic object under construction is given the attributes; planned or under construction.

Undefinable objects

Due to the registration methods or other circumstances, capturing objects will sometimes not be possible, where topographic objects in aerial photos shade other objects, leading to an uncertain registration beyond the accuracy of the registration method. The extent of these objects must be estimated, and given the attribute code UDF.

Undefined Z-coordinates are given a value of -999.00 metres. Points with undefined Z can be designated for future revisions.

Data sources

The topographic objects can be captured from various mapping sources.

In this specification the following data sources are used:

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Satellite images, land surveys, crowdsourcing, administrative register and gazetteer.

It is stated for each feature/object which data source to be used for capturing the object.

Detection data

Many of the topographic features/objects listed in the object catalogue will only occur sporadically in the open land. Many of the topographic objects will also be difficult to find in the satellite images without using too many ressources. Therefore as support for the mapping, detection data will be provided for selected features.

The detection data must be used as a guideline in capturing the features/objects in the satellite images.

It is stated for each feature/object if detection data will be available.

Metadata

Metadata describes e. g. the dataset´s content, state, quality, accuracy, structure, format, production information, source information, projection, coordinate system and history. Metadata must be attached as point metadata and object metadata.

Metadata and its description must include as a minimum the following:

RMSE_XY: Average error for horizontal coordinates in meters to 2 decimal digits. RMSE_Z: Average error for height coordinates in meters to 2 decimal digits. ACQDATE: Date of aerial/satellite flight mission, yyyymmdd. PRODDATE: Date of data production, yyyymmdd. DATASOURCE:  Satellite image.  Aerial photo.  Land survey.  Administrative register or gazetteer. METHOD: Method of production:  Remote sensing methods e. g. radar, laser or photogrammetry.  Land survey methods e.g. GPS or total station.  Calculation methods e. g. automatically data processing.  Administrative revision methods e. g. manual digitization or other methods. SPEC_VER: Name of the used specification and version. PRODUCER: Provider of the dataset; company name. OPERATOR: Operator name or initials. Editors addresses

Asiaq, Greenland Survey. Qatserisut 8, DK-3900 Nuuk.

Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency. Rentemestervej 8, DK-2400 København NV.

GEUS, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. Østervoldgade 10, DK-1350 København K.

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Object catalogue

The object catalogue gives an overview of the map features and topographic objects of this specification, including their name, definition, mapping, geometry type, attributes, data source, detection data, minimum size and topological relations.

Many topographic objects listed in the object catalogue will only occur sporadically in the open land.

Object class Object type Geometry Data source Detect. Min. size Min. size type data 1:50 000 1:25 000 TRAFFIC ROAD Line Satellite All All PATH Line Satellite All All SNOW TRAIL Line Administrative 500 m 500 m BRIDGE Line Satellite All All TUNNEL Line Satellite Yes All All RUNWAY Polygon Satellite Yes All All HELIPORT Polygon Satellite Yes All All HELISTOP Point Satellite Yes All All

BUILDING BUILDING Point, polygon Satellite Yes All All HUT Point Satellite Yes All All GREENHOUSE Point, polygon Satellite 100 m2 100 m2 TANK/SILO Point, polygon Satellite All All ANCIENT MONU- Point, line, poly- Administrative All All MENT gon BUILT-UP AREA Polygon Satellite Yes 5 000 m2 2 500 m2

HYDROGRAPHY COAST LINE Line, polygon Satellite All All LAKE Polygon Satellite 2 500 m2 1 000 m2 RIVER Line Satellite All All RIVER BANK Polygon Satellite 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 DITCH Line Satellite All All SPRING Point Administrative, crowd- All All sourcing HARBOUR Line Satellite All All JETTY Line Satellite All All SKERRY Point Satellite <500 m² <250 m²

LAND COVER ICE Polygon Satellite 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 NUNATAK Polygon Satellite 2.500 m2 1.000 m2 RIVER DELTA Polygon Satellite 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 FOREST Polygon Satellite Yes 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 WETLAND Polygon Satellite 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 SCRUB VEGETATION Polygon Satellite 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 BOULDER FIELD Polygon Satellite 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 ERRATIC BLOCK Point Satellite 5 metres in 5 metres in height height

LAND USE AGRICULTURE Polygon Satellite Yes 2 500 m2 1 000 m2 CEMETERY Polygon Satellite Yes 500 m2 500 m2 MINING Point, polygon Satellite Yes 5 000 m2 2 500 m2 DUMPING SITE Polygon Satellite All All EMBANKMENT Line Satellite All All DIKE Line Satellite All All FENCE Line Satellite Yes All All HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST Point Satellite Yes All All POWER LINE Line Satellite Yes All All PIPE LINE Line Satellite Yes All All TELEMAST Point, polygon Satellite Yes All All SKI LIFT Line Satellite Yes All All CAIRN Point Crowdsourcing 1 metres in 1 metres in height height

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SEAMARK Point Satellite Yes All All TRIGONOMETRICAL Point Administrative All All ST.

ADMINISTRATIVE PLACE NAME Point, line, poly- Administrative, crowd- All All gon sourcing NATURE RESERVE Polygon Administrative All All MUNICIPALITY BOR- Polygon Administrative All All DER BORDER Line, polygon Administrative All All POINT OF INTEREST Point Administrative, Crowd- All All sourcing

DTM GRID POINT Point Satellite 5 x 5 m 2,5 x 2,5 m SPOT ELEVATION Point Satellite CONTOUR LINE Line Satellite Z-value=10 m Z-value=5 m

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Object class TRAFFIC

ROAD Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC ROAD Line Road class All

Object definition

ROAD is a route with a specially prepared surface that is intended for use by wheeled vehicles.

Mapping

ROAD is captured at ground level along the centre line of the route.

All ROADS are captured.

ROAD is captured under and on bridges and through tunnels.

Topology

ROAD must be captured as a line.

All physically connected ROADS form a network.

Where ROAD meets PATH, the two objects are snapped together.

Where ROAD meets BRIDGE, the two objects are snapped together.

Where ROAD meets TUNNEL, the two objects are snapped together.

Attribute

Road class.

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PATH Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC PATH Line All

Object definition

PATH is a permanent track used for pedestrian, hiking, bicycle or mounted traffic.

Mapping

PATH is captured at ground level along the centre line of the track.

All permanent PATHS are captured.

PATH is captured under and on bridges and through tunnels.

Topology

PATH must be captured as a line.

All physically connected PATHS form a network.

Where PATH meets ROAD, the two objects are snapped together.

Where PATH meets BRIDGE, the two objects are snapped together.

Where PATH meets TUNNEL, the two objects are snapped together.

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SNOW TRAIL Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC SNOW TRAIL Line 500 m

Object definition

SNOW TRAIL is a track used for cross-country skiing, dog sledges and snowmobiles.

SNOW TRAIL is an object used where the terrain is covered with snow or ice. A SNOW TRAIL will usually not be visible in satellite images or aerial photos.

Mapping

SNOW TRAIL is captured at ground level along the centre line of the track.

SNOW TRAIL with a length of >= 500 metres is captured.

Shorter SNOW TRAIL connections that are part of a trail network are captured.

SNOW TRAIL data from the municipalities must be used for the mapping.

Topology

SNOW TRAIL must be captured as a line.

All physically connected SNOW TRAILS form a network.

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BRIDGE

Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC BRIDGE Line All

Object definition

BRIDGE is a span construction that connects two locations and provides the passage over a terrain or water obstacle. The span is wire hanging on pylons or resting on piers.

Mapping

BRIDGE is captured at the centre line along the entire bridge extent.

All BRIDGES are captured.

Topology

BRIDGE must be captured as a line.

Where BRIDGE meets ROAD, the two objects are snapped together.

Where BRIDGE meets PATH, the two objects are snapped together.

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TUNNEL Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC TUNNEL Line All

Object definition

TUNNEL is a blasted, drilled, dug or immersed pass-through under the terrain surface or under a water surface or through a sea or lake bed.

Mapping

TUNNEL is captured at the estimated centre line of the entire tunnel extent.

TUNNEL is captured in such a way that it shows the logical extent.

All TUNNELS are captured.

Topology

TUNNEL must be captured as a line.

Where TUNNEL meets ROAD, the two objects are snapped together.

Where TUNNEL meets PATH, the two objects are snapped together.

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RUNWAY Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC RUNWAY Polygon In use or historical All

Object definition

RUNWAY is an area designated for landing, take-off and taxiing of aircrafts. RUNWAY is normally situated in relation to an airfield, airport or airport facilities such as air terminal, hangar, repair facilities and fuelling services.

The surface of a RUNWAY can be gravel, grass, concrete or asphalt.

Mapping

RUNWAY is captured at ground level along the outer bounds of the area.

All RUNWAYS are captured.

As support for the mapping, RUNWAY detection data from Mittarfeqarfiit, Greenland Airports and the document Aeronautical Information Packages, may be used.

Topology

RUNWAY must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Attribut

Attribute indicating if RUNWAY is in use or historical.

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HELIPORT Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC HELIPORT Polygon All

Object definition

HELIPORT is an area designated for landing, take-off and taxiing of helicopters. HELIPORT is normally situated in relation to airport facilities such as air terminal, hangar, repair facilities and fuelling services.

The surface of a HELIPORT can be gravel, grass, concrete or asphalt.

Mapping

HELIPORT is captured at ground level along the outer bounds of the area.

All HELIPORTS are captured.

As support for the mapping, HELIPORT detection data from Mittarfeqarfiit, Greenland Airports and the document Aeronautical Information Packages, may be used.

Topology

HELIPORT must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

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HELISTOP Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size TRAFFIC HELISTOP Point All

Object definition

HELISTOP is a small area, platform or roof structure designated for helicopter pickup or discharge of pas- sengers and cargo. The HELISTOP does not provide airport facilities such as air terminal, hangar, repair facilities and fuelling services.

The surface of a HELISTOP can be wood, gravel, grass, concrete or asphalt.

Mapping

HELISTOP is captured at ground level at the centre of the area.

All HELISTOPS are captured.

As support for the mapping, HELISTOP detection data from Mittarfeqarfiit, Greenland Airports, TELE Green- land, the telecommunication company, and the document Aeronautical Information Packages may be used.

Topology

HELISTOP must be captured as a point.

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Object class BUILDING

BUILDING Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size BUILDING BUILDING Point, polygon Function All

Object definition

BUILDING definition includes houses, turf houses, barns and the like.

Mapping

BUILDING is captured along the edge of the roof at the eaves.

BUILDING must be of a permanent character, but BUILDINGS under construction and BUILDING foundations are captured along the foundation or walls.

All BUILDINGS are captured, but solitary

As support for the mapping, BUILDING detection data from NunaGIS may be used.

Topology

BUILDING must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

BUILDING with an area of < 25 m2 in open land is captured as a point.

Attribute

Building function e.g.:

Accommodation, airport terminal, church, fire station, hangar, hospital, hydroelectric power plant, municipality office, police station, power plant/station, power substation/transformer station, school, tourist office.

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HUT Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size BUILDING HUT Point All

Object definition

HUT is a small solitary building construction usually made of timber. HUT includes hunting cabin and shel- ter. HUT may be used as a primitive overnight accommodation that provides cover from the weather.

Mapping

HUT is captured as a point in the middle of the roof.

All HUTS are captured.

As support for the mapping, HUT detection data from NunaGIS may be used.

Topology

HUT must be captured as a point.

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GREENHOUSE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size BUILDING GREENHOUSE Polygon 100 m2

Object definition

GREENHOUSE is a building with roofs and walls mainly constructed of glass or plastic, in which plants are grown.

Mapping

GREENHOUSE is captured along the edge of the roof at the eaves.

GREENHOUSE must be of permanent character, but GREENHOUSE under construction and GREENHOUSE foundation are captured along the foundation or walls.

Only GREENHOUSES used for commercial purpose e.g. market gardening, nurseries, public access etc. are captured. Glass/plastic buildings belonging to private houses, company offices or the like are not GREEN- HOUSE, but BUILDING.

GREENHOUSE with an area of >= 100 m2 is captured.

Topology

GREENHOUSE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

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TANK/SILO Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size BUILDING TANK/SILO Point, polygon All

Object definition

TANK/SILO definition includes oil tanks, gas tanks, silos or any other round or angular closed storage tank.

Mapping

TANK/SILO is captured along the edge of the roof at the eaves.

TANK/SILO must be of permanent character, but TANK/SILO under construction and TANK/SILO foundations are captured along the foundation or walls.

All TANK/SILOS are captured.

TANK/SILO with an area of < 200 m2 is captured as a point

Topology

TANK/SILO must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

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ANCIENT MONUMENT Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size BUILDING ANCIENT MONUMENT Point, line, polygon Culture period All

Object definition

ANCIENT MONUMENT is a historical or cultural structure, monument or site of archaeological or heritage interest e.g. remains from the Inuit and Norsemen cultures.

Mapping

ANCIENT MONUMENT is captured according to the shape of the structure; in the centre if the structure is a point, along the feature if the structure is a line, or along the outer bounds if the structure is a polygon.

All ANCIENT MONUMENTS are captured.

ANCIENT MONUMENT data from The National Museum of Greenland, Heritage Greenland registry must be used.

Topology

ANCIENT MONUMENT must be captured as point, line or one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Attribute

Culture periods:

PaIaeo ekimo

Thule

Norsemen

Newer historical sites, e.g:

 Whaling station  Expedition site  War relic  Tomb

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BUILT-UP AREA Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size BUILDING BUILT-UP AREA Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

BUILT-UP AREA is an area with buildings and urban surroundings giving it character as a town or settlement.

Mapping

BUILT-UP AREA is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

BUILT-UP AREA with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

If there are several BUILT-UP AREA with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one BUILT-UP AREA.

As support for the mapping, BUILT-UP AREA data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.

Topology

BUILT-UP AREA must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Unclassified open land inside a BUILT-UP AREA must be captured as a cut out area.

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Object class HYDROGRAPHY

COAST LINE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY COAST LINE Line, polygon UDF All

Object definition

COAST LINE is the distinct shoreline where sea meets land or glacier. Sea is a saline body of water connected to an ocean.

Mapping

COAST LINE is captured at the estimated naturally occurring boundary between sea and land, and sea and glacier.

Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.

Island with an area of >=500 m2 in the sea is captured as COAST LINE.

Island with an area <500 m2 in the sea is captured as SKERRY.

COAST LINE is captured across the mouths of rivers where they flow into the sea.

COAST LINE is captured across the front of glaciers where they flow into the sea.

COAST LINE is captured continuously under bridges.

Topology

COAST LINE must be captured as a line.

All physically connected COAST LINES form one network.

Attribute

As stated at page 7, section “Undefinable objects” it will sometimes be difficult to make a registration of an object inside the accuracy, and the extent of the object must be estimated.

If parts of COAST LINE objects must be estimated, they are given the attribute code UDF.

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LAKE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY LAKE Polygon 2 500 m2

Object definition

LAKE is an inland fresh water body filled depression completely surrounded by land. LAKE includes pond, tarn and dammed water reservoir.

Mapping

LAKE is captured along the bank at water level.

LAKE with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.

Island with an area of >= 500 m2 in LAKE is captured as LAKE, along the bank at water level.

Island with an area of < 500 m2 in LAKE is captured as SKERRY.

LAKE is captured across the mouths of rivers where they flow into the lake.

LAKE is captured along the front of glaciers and permanent ice where they flow into the lake.

LAKE is not captured at ICE or under ICE.

LAKE is captured unbroken under bridges.

Topology

LAKE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Island in LAKE must be captured as a cut out area.

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RIVER Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY RIVER Line Link through lake All

Object definition

RIVER is a body of flowing fresh watercourse in a natural or artificial open water draining channel. It may or may not contain water all year.

Mapping

RIVER is captured at water level along the centre line between the banks of the river. If the river is dry, RIV- ER is captured at the river bed.

RIVERS with a length of >= 200 metre and a width of >=2 metres are captured.

Where RIVER connects to COAST LINE, LAKE and ICE, RIVER is captured regardless the length and width of the RIVER to provide network connections.

Where a RIVER runs through a lake, the RIVER must be captured through the lake to form a network. The object is captured with the shortest possible distance between RIVER inlet and outlet, without touching the lake bank or any islands. If there is more than one inlet/outlet, the RIVERS are linked.

RIVER is not captured at ICE or under ICE.

If RIVER diverges and later reconnects to the main river, this branch must be captured individually.

Topology

RIVER must be captured as a line.

All physically connected RIVERS form one network.

Attribute

RIVER is captured through a LAKE with the attribute link.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 27

RIVER BANK Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY RIVER BANK Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

RIVER BANK is defined as the surface of a river.

RIVER BANK is the side outer bounds of a river. The side outer bound is along the crown edge. Where there is no crown edge, the side outer boundary is defined as where the water surface meets the land.

RIVER BANK is also captures where the river starts/ends in lake and sea.

RIVER BANK is captured for all rivers with a width of >= 15 metres. River width is determined by the distance between the two river banks.

Mapping

RIVER BANK is captured along the side outer bound of the river with as few points as possible.

Where RIVER BANK starts and ends, a line is captured across the river to close the RIVER BANK polygon.

RIVER BANK with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

Where RIVER BANK connects to COAST LINE, LAKE and ICE, RIVER BANK is captured regardless of the length and width of the RIVER BANK.

RIVER BANK is not captured at ICE, under ICE or through LAKE.

If RIVER BANK diverges and later reconnects to the main river, this branch must be captured individually.

Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.

Island with an area of >= 500 m2 in RIVER is captured as RIVER BANK along the bank at water level.

Island with an area of < 500 m2 in RIVER is captured as SKERRY.

Topology

RIVER BANK must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Island in RIVER must be captured as a RIVER BANK cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 28

DITCH Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY DITCH Line Link through lake All

Object definition

DITCH is a natural or artificial open water draining channel. It may or may not contain water all year.

Mapping

DITCH is captured at water level along the centre line between the banks of the ditch. If the ditch is dry, the DITCH is captured at the ditch bottom.

DITCH with a length of < 200 metres and a width of < 2 metres is captured.

Where DITCH connects RIVER, COAST LINE, LAKE and ICE, DITCH is captured regardless the length of the DITCH to provide network.

Where DITCH runs through lake, DITCH must be captured through the lake to form a network. The object is captured with the shortest possible distance between DITCH inlet and outlet, without touching the lake bank or any islands. If there is more than one inlet/outlet, DITCH is linked by an estimated line out in the lake.

DITCH is not captured at ICE or under ICE.

If DITCH diverges and later reconnects to the main ditch, this branch must be captured individually.

Topology

DITCH must be captured as a line.

All physically connected DITCHES form one network altogether.

Attribute

DITCH is captured through LAKE with the attribute link.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 29

SPRING Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY SPRING Point Hot or cold All

Object definition

SPRING is a natural flow of water welling from the ground.

Mapping

SPRING is captured at ground level in the middle as a point.

All SPRINGS are captured.

Topology

SPRING must be captured as a point.

Attribute

SPRING is given the attribute hot or cold.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 30

HARBOUR Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY HARBOUR Line All

Object definition

HARBOUR is a construction between sea and land, often used for vessel berthing. The HARBOUR construction may consist of quay, wharf, slipway, mole, breakwater and the like within a harbour area.

Mapping

HARBOUR is captured at the boundary between sea and land.

All HABOURS are captured.

HARBOUR is captured unbroken under bridges.

Topology

HARBOUR must be captured as a line.

All physically connected HARBOURS form one network altogether.

HARBOUR and COAST LINE form one network altogether.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 31

JETTY Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY JETTY Line All

Object definition

JETTY is a construction on piles in lake, river or sea, often used for vessel berthing. The JETTY construction may consist of pier, groyne and the like.

Mapping

JETTY is captured at ground level along the centre line.

All JETTY are captured.

Topology

JETTY must be captured as a line.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 32

SKERRY Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size HYDROGRAPHY SKERRY Point <500 m2

Object definition

SKERRY is a small rocky island or reef in sea, LAKE or RIVER BANK completely surrounded by water.

Mapping

SKERRY is captured at ground level in the middle of the island or reef.

Only SKERRY in sea, that is not flooded during high tide, is captured.

Submerged SKERRY is not captured.

Island with an area of <500 m2 in sea, LAKE and RIVER BANK is captured as SKERRY

Topology

SKERRY must be captured as a point.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 33

Object class LAND COVER

ICE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER ICE Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

ICE is an area of persistent dense of snow and ice. The definition covers permanent snow, permanent snowdrift, glacier, outlet glacier, ice cap on plateaus and the inland ice sheet. ICE may move slowly down mountain slopes, and sometimes beyond lake or coast.

Mapping

ICE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the snow or ice.

ICE with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

Where ICE exceeds the coverage of the satellite images or aerial photos, the ICE polygon is closed at the edge of the satellite images or aerial photos.

Topology

ICE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 34

NUNATAK Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER NUNATAK Polygon 2 500 m2

Object definition

NUNATAK is an isolated bedrock mountain top that sticks up through the surface of ICE, including glacier, ice cap on plateaus and the inland ice sheet.

Mapping

NUNATAK is captured at ground level at the food of the mountain top where it is bound by glacier, ice cap on plateaus and the inland ice sheet

NUNATAK with an area of >= 2 500 m2 is captured.

Topology

NUNATAK must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

NUNATAK in ICE must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 35

RIVER DELTA Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER RIVER DELTA Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

RIVER DELTA is a sediment area deposited by a river as a plain, forming the mouth of a river, where it flows into sea or lake. The sediment area consists of silt, clay, sand, mud, pebbles or gravel.

Mapping

RIVER DELTA is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

RIVER DELTA with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

If there are several RIVER DELTAS with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one RIVER DELTA.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured e.g. RIVER and LAKE.

Topology

RIVER DELTA must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 36

FOREST Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER FOREST Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

FOREST is an area covered by trees, such as hardwood, conifer or mixed forest.

Mapping

FOREST is captured at the canopy level along the outer bound of the tree coverage.

FOREST with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

If there are several FORESTS with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one FOREST.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

As support for the mapping, FOREST detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.

Topology

FOREST must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Unclassified open land inside FOREST must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 37

WETLAND Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER WETLAND Polygon 5.000 m2

Object definition

WETLAND is an open flat low-lying area of wet meadow, marsh or bog, with none or sparse grass, scrub and wood vegetation.

Mapping

WETLAND is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

WETLAND with an area of >= 5.000 m2 is captured.

If there are several WETLAND with an area of <= 5.000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one WETLAND.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

Topology

WETLAND must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Unclassified open land inside WETLAND must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 38

SCRUB VEGETATION Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER SCRUB VEGETATION Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

SCRUB VEGETATION is an area covered mainly by low vegetation such as bush and brushwood.

Mapping

SCRUB VEGETATION is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the bush and brushwood coverage.

SCRUB VEGETATION with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

If there are several SCRUB VEGETATION with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one SCRUB VEGETATION.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

Topology

SCRUB VEGETATION must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Unclassified open land inside SCRUB VEGETATION must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 39

BOULDER FIELD Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER BOULDER FIELD Polygon 5 000 m2

Object definition

BOULDER FIELD is an area of deposited large stones and rocks caused by mountain erosion.

Mapping

BOULDER FIELD is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

BOULDER FIELD with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

Topology

BOULDER FIELD must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Unclassified open land inside BOULDER FIELD must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 40

ERRATIC BLOCK Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND COVER ERRATIC BLOCK Point 5 meters in height

Object definition

ERRATIC BLOCK is a single large stone or piece of rock transported and deposited by glaciers.

ERRATIC BLOCK differs from the size and type of stones and rocks native to the area in which it rests, and stands out from its near environment.

Mapping

ERRATIC BLOCK is captured at the top in the middle of the stone or piece of rock as a point.

ERRATIC BLOCKS >=5 metres in height are captured.

Topology

ERRATIC BLOCK must be captured as a point.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 41

Object class LAND USE

AGRICULTURE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE AGRICULTURE Polygon 2 500 m2

Object definition

AGRICULTURE is a permanent land area used for cultivation of plants at a farm or market garden. The crops mostly consist of vegetables, cereal, flowers, bushes and grasses for cattle feed.

Mapping

AGRICULTURE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area. If DIKE outer bounds the area, AGRICULTURE is captured at the top of the dike.

AGRICULTURE with an area of >= 2 500 m2 is captured.

If there are several AGRICULTURE with an area of <= 2 500 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one AGRICULTURE.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

As support for the mapping, AGRICULTURE detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.

Topology

AGRICULTURE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Unclassified open land inside AGRICULTURE must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 42

CEMETERY Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE CEMETERY Polygon 500 m2

Object definition

CEMETERY is a consecrate area intended for burial of the dead. The area may have character of garden to be included for future burial, and may therefor be with or without tombs.

Mapping

CEMETERY is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area. If DIKE outer bounds the area, CEMETERY is captured at the top of the dike.

CEMETERY with an area of >= 500 m2 is captured.

If there are several CEMETERY with an area of <= 500 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one CEMETERY.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

As support for the mapping, CEMETERY detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.

Topology

CEMETERY must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.

Unclassified open land inside CEMETERY must be captured as a cut out area.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 43

MINING Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE MINING Point, polygon Active/Passive 5 000 m2

Object definition

MINING is an area used for quarrying or excavation of raw materials and minerals.

Mapping

MINING is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

If the MINING is inside a mountain, MINING is also captured at ground level in the centre of the intrance(s) as a point.

MINING with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.

If there are several MINING with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other, they are captured as one MINING.

Areas used for sorting and storage of raw materials and minerals are included in the MINING area.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

As support for the mapping, MINING detection data may be used.

Topology

MINING must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point, and/or as a point stated earlier.

Attribut

MINING is given the attribute for its status either active or passive.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 44

DUMPING SITE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE DUMPING SITE Polygon Active/Passive All

Object definition

DUMPING SITE is an area used for depositing of waste, refuse and discarded material.

Mapping

DUMPING SITE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

All DUMPING SITES are captured.

Areas used for sorting waste, refuse and discarded material are included in the DUMPING SITE area.

All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.

As support for the mapping, DUMPING SITE detection data may be used.

Topology

DUMPING SITE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Attribut

DUMPING SITE is given the attribute for its status either active or passive.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 45

EMBANKMENT Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE EMBANKMENT Line All

Object definition

EMBANKMENT is a man-made construction raised above the surrounding terrain to dam, redirect or pre- vent flooding by a river, lake or sea.

Mapping

EMBANKMENT is captured along the centre line at the top.

All EMBANKMENTS are captured.

As support for the mapping, EMBANKMENT detection data may be used.

Topology

EMBANKMENT must be captured as a line.

Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0 © Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015. Page 46

DIKE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE DIKE Line All

Object definition

DIKE is a man-made construction by earth or stone raised above the surrounding terrain. DIKE is often used as a limitation or fence of land use.

Mapping

DIKE is captured along the centre line at the top.

All DIKES are captured.

As support for the mapping, DIKE detection data may be used.

Topology

DIKE must be captured as a line.

FENCE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE FENCE Line All

Object definition

FENCE is a permanent man-made construction by wire fence, wood, bricks wall, hedge, row of trees and the like. FENCE is often used as a limitation or fence of land use.

Mapping

FENCE is captured at ground level along the centre line.

All FENCES are captured.

As support for the mapping, FENCE detection data may be used.

Topology

FENCE must be captured as a line.

HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST Point All

Object definition

HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST is a pylon for high-voltage/high-tension transmission wire suspension.

Mapping

HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST is captured at the top in the centre of the pylon as a point.

All HIGH-VOLTAGE MASTS in connection with POWER LINE are captured.

As support for the mapping, transmission line detection data from Nukissiorfiit, the power supply company, may be used.

Topology

HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST must be captured as a point.

HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST must be snapped to POWER LINE.

POWER LINE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE POWER LINE Line Voltage All

Object definition

POWER LINE is a high-voltage/high-tension transmission wire suspended from pylons.

Mapping

POWER LINE is captured at the top in the centre of each polyn as a line.

All POWER LINES in connection with HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST are captured.

If POWER LINE starts or ends at building or any other object, POWER LINE is connected to the object.

As support for the mapping, POWER LINE detection data from Nukissiorfiit, the power supply company, may be used.

Topology

POWER LINE must be captured as a line.

All physically connected POWER LINES form a network.

POWER LINE must be snapped to HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST.

Attribute

Voltage; output in KV.

PIPELINE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE PIPELINE Line Utilization All

Object definition

PIPELINE is a connected set of pipes for conveying liquid, slurry or gas.

Mapping

PIPELINE is captured at the top along the centre of the pipes.

All PIPELINES are captured.

If PIPELINE starts or ends at building or any other object, PIPELINE is connected to the object.

As support for the mapping, PIPELINE detection data from Nukissiorfiit, the power supply company, may be used.

Topology

PIPELINE must be captured as a line.

All physically connected PIPELINE form a network.

Attribute

Utilization.

TELEMAST Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE TELEMAST Point, polygon All

Object definition

TELEMAST is a pylon or tower for telecommunication. The definition also includes radar domes and major parabolic antennas.

Mapping

TELEMAST is captured at the top in the centre of the object as a point or at the outline as a polygon if the area is >= 200 m2.

TELEMASTS >=7 metres in height are captured.

As support for the mapping, TELEMAST detection data from TELE Greenland, the telecommunication company, may be used.

Topology

TELEMAST must be captured as a point or polygon.

SKI LIFT Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE SKI LIFT Line All

Object definition

SKI LIFT is a cable/wire transport device that carries skiers up a hill or a mountain. The transport device can be aerial lift or surface lift. The cable/wire transport device is connected to pylons.

Mapping

SKI LIFT is captured at the top in the centre of each polyn as a line.

All SKI LIFTS are captured.

If SKI LIFT starts or ends at building or any other object, SKI LIFT is connected to the object.

As support for the mapping, SKI LIFT detection data may be used.

Topology

SKI LIFT must be captured as a line.

CAIRN Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE CAIRN Point 1 meters in height

Object definition

CAIRN is a permanent man-made pile of stones used as a memorial or landmark. CAIRN stands out from its near environment, visible from long distances, and often marks path and trails, and top of hills and mountains.

Mapping

CAIRN is captured at the top in the centre of the pile of stones as a point.

Permanent CAIRNS >=1 metres in height are captured.

CAIRN is meant to be captured with GPS receiver through crowdsourcing.

Topology

CAIRN must be captured as a point.

SEAMARK Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE SEAMARK Point All

Object definition

SEAMARK is a permanent coastal installation, used for inshore visual nautical navigation.

SEAMARK is located on land, reef or skerry as a lighthouse or fixed beacon.

Mapping

SEAMARK is captured at the top in the centre of the foundation as a point.

Only SEAMARK on land, reef or skerry is captured. Offshore SEAMARK as a floating buoy is not captured.

As support for the mapping, SEAMARK detection data from from Asiaq, Greenland Survey, and Geo- datastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency, may be used.

Topology

SEAMARK must be captured as a point.

TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size LAND USE TRIGONOMETRICAL ST Point All

Object definition

TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION is a permanent fixed surveying point, used in geodetic surveying, as basis for mapping and for scientific purpose.

TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION is mostly located on top of hills and mountains, marked with a graven metal plate on the terrain or on the top of a granite or concrete pillar.

Mapping

TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION is captured at the top in the centre of the foundation as a point.

All TRIGONOMETRICAL STATIONS are captured.

As support for the mapping, TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey, and Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency may be used.

Topology

TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION must be captured as a point.

Object class ADMINISTRATIVE

PLACE NAME Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size ADMINISTRATI- PLACE NAME Point, line, polygon Key, spelling, class All VE and subclass

Object definition

PLACE NAME is a proper name that describes a location on land or sea.

The location can be natural, designating the elements of landscape and the shapes of the terrain, water- body or man-made, designating built-up area and habitation.

PLACE NAME objects may follow the topographic elements e.g. coast line, river, building or contour line.

Mapping

PLACE NAME is captured at ground level in the centre of the object, along the object, or along the outer bound of the object, according to the geometry type.

The PLACE NAME geometry should aim to follow the topographic elements if possible.

Topology

PLACE NAME must be captured as either a point, line or one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.

Attribute

The PLACE NAME is linked by a key to the gazetteer from Oqaasileriffik, the national language and place name authority.

The gazetteer describes the spelling of the PLACE NAME.

The Greenlandic place names have often alternative ways of spelling.

Examples of spellings are listed below:

Old Greenlandic

West Greenlandic

East Greenlandic

Danish

Other foreign languages

Nickname as it is popularly called

The Greenlandic place names are often named after the type of location it describes.

The place name types are divided into classes and subclasses, depending of what the place name describes.

Examples of place name types are listed below:

CLASS 1: Large land areas

SUBCLASSES:

 Continent  Region  Land  Inland ice sheet  Island

CLASS 2: Small land areas

SUBCLASSES:

 Mountain  Range of mountains  Peninsula  Cape  Ice cap on plateau

CLASS 3: Types of landscape

SUBCLASSES:

 Hill  Tableland  Foreland  Headland  Foothills  Nunatak  Glacier  Ridge  Pass  Peak  Valley  Canyon  Ravine  River  Lake

CLASS 4: Man-made elements

SUBCLASSES:

 Town  Settlement  Harbour  Farm  Solitaire building  Group of buildings

 Mining  Station/camp; military, weather or research  Landing area  Ancient monument  Ruin

CLASS 5: Marine and hydrographical sea elements

SUBCLASSES:

 Ocean  Sea  Fiord  Bay  Sound  Strait  Inlet

CLASS 6: Submarine elements

SUBCLASSES:

 Submarine canyon  Bar  Reef  Bank  Basin  Seamount  Undersea ridge  Deep  Current

CLASS 7: Administrative areas

SUBCLASSES:

 Nature reserve name  Municipality name

NATURE RESERVE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size ADMINISTRATI- NATURE RESERVE Polygon Category All VE

Object definition

NATURE RESERVE is a protected area for conservation the natural environment and biodiversity.

Mapping

NATURE RESERVE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.

As support for the mapping, NATURE RESERVE detection data from the national xxx authority must be used.

Topology

NATURE RESERVE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.

Attribute

The NATURE RESERVES are classified in the following categories set up by The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN):

Category Ia: Strict Nature Reserve

Category Ib: Wilderness Area

Category II: National Park

Category III: Natural Monument or Feature

Category IV: Habitat/Species Management Area

Category V: Protected Landscape/Seascape

Category VI: Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources

MUNICIPALITY BORDER Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size ADMINISTRATI- MUNICIPALITY BOR- Polygon Name All VE DER

Object definition

MUNICIPALITY BORDER is the administrative boundary of a municipality.

MUNICIPALITY BORDER objects may follow topographic elements.

Mapping

MUNICIPALITY BORDER is captured at ground level.

The MUNICIPALITY BORDER geometry should aim to follow the topographic elements if possible.

As support for the mapping, MUNICIPALITY BORDER data from the national xxx authority must be used.

Topology

MUNICIPALITY BORDER must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.

Attribute

The municipality name.

BORDER Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size ADMINISTRATI- BORDER Line, polygon All VE

Object definition

BORDER is the political defined geographical boundary between two sovereign states.

The BORDER may be on land or sea.

Mapping

BORDER is captured at ground or sea level.

The BORDER data from Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency must be used.

Topology

BORDER must be captured as a line or one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.

POINT OF INTEREST Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size ADMINISTRATI- POINT OF INTEREST Point Description or All VE function

Object definition

A POINT OF INTEREST is a specific location that has generic relevant interest for the public.

POINT OF INTEREST describes the utilization, property or characteristic of a location.

Mapping

POINT OF INTEREST is captured at ground level in the centre of the object.

POINT OF INTEREST is meant to be captured with GPS receiver through crowdsourcing or during administrative collection.

Topology

POINT OF INTEREST must be captured as a point.

Attribute

The attribute describes the utilization, property or characteristic of a location.

Examples of POINT OF INTERESTS are airport, sight, camping site and the like.

Object class DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL

GRID POINT Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size DTM GRID POINT Point 5 x 5 m

Object definition

GRID POINT is an elevation point, systematically scattered in the terrain.

Mapping

GRID POINT is captured at ground level.

GRID POINTS are captured in a grid at 5 x 5 metres.

Topology

GRID POINT must be captured as a point.

SPOT ELEVATION Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size DTM SPOT ELEVATION Point

Object definition

SPOT ELEVATION is an elevation point of all local extreme points in the terrain, especially the top of all significant mountains and hills, including nunataks, and the bottom of all significant valleys and hollows in the terrain.

Mapping

SPOT ELEVATION is captured at ground level at the extreme point.

Topology

SPOT ELEVATION must be captured as a point.

CONTOUR LINE Object class Object type Geometry type Attribute Minimum size DTM CONTOUR LINE Line Z-value Z-value=10 m

Object definition

CONTOUR LINE is a line that joins neighbour points of equal elevation.

Mapping

The construction of CONTOUR LINE is based on GRID POINTS and SPOT ELEVATION.

CONTOUR LINES are constructed with an equidistant of 10 meter starting at the 10 meter elevation.

The individual CONTOUR LINE must be joined to one single object with no crossings, bisections or overlaps with any other CONTOUR LINES.

CONTOUR LINE may not cross COAST LINE or LAKE.

CONTOUR LINE must show the shape of the terrain surface as best as possible.

To avoid sharp angles in the CONTOUR LINE, they may be smoothed, within the horizontal accuracy.

At very steep terrain, where the CONTOUR LINES will be horizontal closer than 1 meter to each other, the CONTOUR LINES must be generalized into the nearest constructed CONTOUR LINE divided with 50 meter.

Topology

CONTOUR LINE must be captured as a line.

Attribut

Z-value.