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Parasitoids of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from a Traditional Maize Crop in the Mexican State of Yucatan

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Parasitoids of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from a Traditional Maize Crop in the Mexican State of Yucatan Scientific Notes 759 PARASITOIDS OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FROM A TRADITIONAL MAIZE CROP IN THE MEXICAN STATE OF YUCATAN H. DELFÍN-GONZÁLEZ, M. BOJÓRQUEZ-ACEVEDO AND P. MANRIQUE-SAIDE Departamento de Zoología, CA Bioecología, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Studies on the natural enemies of the fall army made by the authors, and voucher specimens are worm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) deposited at the Coleccion Entomologica Regional (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) have reported a great di- of the Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. versity of associated parasitoids. Approximately Lespesia archippivora and E. plathypenae rep- 150 species of FAW parasitoids from 13 families resented the most abundant parasitoid species. have been recorded occurring in the Americas This is the first report of L. archippivora for the (Molina-Ochoa et al. 2003). Twenty-two species Mexican state of Yucatan. Based on our results, it have been reported for Mexico, and species compo- seems that species composition of FAW parasi- sition seems to vary throughout the country toids in this locality of Yucatan is composed of (Molina-Ochoa et al. 2004). In Northern states of widely-distributed species (Molina-Ochoa et al. Mexico parasitoids associated to FAW are entirely 2003). Lespesia archippivora is a gregarian facul- hymenopterans, whereas FAW parasitoid assem- tative endoparasitoid of several species of Lepi- blages in some Southern states, i.e., Tabasco, doptera (e.g., Arctiidae, Danaidae, Geometridae, Quintana Roo and Chiapas, include wasps and Lycaenidae, Noctuidae, Ninphalidae, Papilion- tachinid flies (Macháin et al. 1975; Zapata 1984; idae, Pieridae, Pyralidae, and Yponomeutidae) Cabrera & García 1985; Molina-Ochoa et al. 2001). (Arnaud 1978), including economically important Here we report for the first time parasitoids of genera of lepidopteran pests (e.g., Spodoptera, Tri- FAW from the Southern Mexican state of Yucatan. choplusia, and Heliothis). It is probably the most Direct FAW larval collections were performed common parasitoid of FAW in Central America within a traditional maize crop (Zea mays Lin- (Cave 1993), and distributed from Canada to naeus) located 9 km from the locality of Teya South Mexico (Benaway 1963). Archytas marm- Yucatan, from July 19th to Sep 27th 1999. All FAW oratus is a polyphagous solitary larval-pupal en- larvae detected on plants in 3 transects (composed doparasitoid of numerous species of Noctuidae, in- by 1 meter square quadrants) within a 2-hectares cluding many important pest species from the area were collected for 3 d continuously fortnightly genera Agrotis, Helicoverpa, Heliothis, Hyblaea, (totaling 5 surveys during the overall period). Col- Leucania, Mocis, Pseudaletia, and Spodoptera lections corresponded with the rainy season, and (Arnaud 1978; Ravlin & Stehr 1984; Maes 1989). started 3 weeks after maize seeding and ended It is distributed from U.S.A. throughout the Neo- when maize was ready for harvest. The maize crop tropics (Cave 1993). Winthemia hosts include in was part of a “milpa”, agro-system associating the Neartic region larvae of Noctuidae and some maize, bean, squash, chilli, and other crops, which Sphingidae and Geometridae (Guimarães 1972). was the main cropping system during the pre-His- We were unable to identify the Winthemia speci- panic period and still in use in some parts of Mex- mens collected, but tentatively propose our speci- ico. The milpa was surrounded by a patch of tropi- mens as Winthemia quadripustulata, according to cal deciduous dry-forest, and other maize crops. their morphological features. The only hymenop- FAW larvae collected were taken to the labora- teran species emerged, E. plathypenae, is a gre- tory, and individually maintained in rustical rear- garian ectoparasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae. ing cages. They were fed daily with tender leaves Known hosts include the genera Anticarsia, Heli- of maize until the eventual pupation and emer- coverpa, Leucania, Mocis, Pseudaletia, Pseudoplu- gence of the adult lepidopteran or the parasitoids. sia, Spodoptera and Trichoplusia (King & Saun- We calculated the percentage of parasitism = (To- ders 1984; El-Heneidy 1985; Cave 1992, 1993, tal FAW larvae positive for parasitoids/Total FAW 1995). It is widely distributed in America. larvae collected) × 100 (Pair et al. 1986). In Teya Yucatan, as observed in other Southern From 174 FAW larvae collected, 13.22% were Mexican states, FAW larvae-parasitoid assem- parasited with 4 species of parasitoids (12 were blage is composed by tachinid and hymenopter- parasited by dipterans and 11 by hymenopterans); ans; but flies seem to be dominant. Studies in the remaining larvae became moths. The parasi- Tabasco have reported 4 species of parasitoids, 3 toids species collected were Lespesia archippivora of them are dipterans Archytas and Spallanizia (Riley) (10 specimens), Archytas marmoratus (Tachinidae) (Zapata 1984). In Chiapas, tachinid (Townsend) (4 specimens), Winthemia sp (4 speci- flies species of Archytas, Lespesia, and Winthemia mens) (Diptera: Tachinidae), and Euplectrus plat- are reported as well as hymenopterans Rogas hypenae Howard (172 specimens) (Hymenoptera: (presumably Aleiodes) (Braconidae) and Euplec- Eulophidae). The taxonomic determination was trus (Eulophidae) (Ruíz 1985; Espinosa 1986). In 760 Florida Entomologist 90(4) December 2007 TABLE 1. PERCENTAGE OF PARASITISM FROM FAW LARVAL (n = 174) COLLECTED WITHIN A TRADITIONAL MAIZE CROP (JUN-SEP 1999) FROM THE LOCALITY OF TEYA, YUCATAN, MEXICO. Surveys 12345Average Lespesia archippivora — 15.38 — — 2.78 9.08 Archytas marmoratus 3.23 3.85 3.57 1.89 — 3.14 Winthemia sp. 9.68 ————9.68 Euplectrus plathypenae — 3.85 28.57 1.89 2.78 9.27 Total 12.90 23.08 32.14 3.77 5.56 Quintana Roo (Peninsula of Yucatan), Archytas Yucatan. Species found are Lespesia archippivora, sp, Lespesia archippivora (Tachinidae), Pris- Archytas marmoratus, Winthemia sp. (Diptera: tomerus spinator (Ichenumonidae) and Chelonus Tachinidae), and Euplectrus plathypenae (Hy- sp (Braconidae) have been reported representing menoptera: Eulophidae). 41% larval parasitism (Carrillo 1980). This contrasts with FAW larvae-parasitoids REFERENCES CITED assemblages reported from other regions of Mex- ico. Reports from Northern Mexican states (So- ARNAUD, P. H., JR. 1978. A Host-parasite Catalog of nora, Baja California, and Tamaulipas) and North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Colima, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Jalisco Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publica- (among the Pacific coast), include exclusively hy- tion No. 1319. 860 pp. menopterans: Braconidae (Chelonus, Cotesia, and ASHLEY, T. R. 1986. Geographical distributions and Meteoros); Ichneumonidae (Campoletis, Ophion, parasitization levels for parasitoids of the fall army- and Pristomerus) and 1 species of Eulophidae, Eu- worm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Florida Entomologist 69: 516-524. plectrus platyhypenae (Macháin et al. 1975; Car- BENEWAY, D. F. 1963. A revision of the flies of the genus illo 1980; Pacheco 1985; Molina-Ochoa et al. Lespesia (Archaetoneura) in North America (Diptera: 2001). In Morelos, Central Mexico is also com- Tachinidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44: 627-686. posed by hymenopterans (Chelonus insularis CABRERA, R. J., AND F. GARCÍA. 1985. Parasitismo nat- (Braconidae), Pristomerus spinator and Campole- ural sobre gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda tis sp (Ichneumonidae) (Cabrera & García 1985; (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en el estado Salazar et al. 1987). In Veracruz (among the Gulf de Morelos. Sociedad Mexicana de. Entomologia, p. of Mexico coast), the only reported parasitoids of 54 En Resumenes XX Congreso Nacional de Ento- FAW are Trichogramma sp (Trichogrammatidae) mología. Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. CARRILLO, H. 1980. Determinación del parasitismo nat- and Euplectrus sp (Eulophidae) (Carrillo 1980). ural en larvas de gusano cogollero, Spodoptera fru- After 5 surveys (Table 1), only 23/174 FAW lar- giperda (J. E. Smith) en Quintana Roo. Folia vae were positive for parasitoids (13.22% overall Entomol. Mexicana 45: 111-112. percentage of parasitism); twelve FAW larvae CAVE, R. D. 1992. Inventary of parasitic organisms of the contained dipteran parasitoids (6.9%) and eleven striped grass looper, Mocis latipes (Lepidoptera: Noc- FAW larvae had Euplectrus plathypenae (6.32%). tuidae) in Honduras. Florida Entomol. 75: 592-598. Individual low percentages of parasitism seem to CAVE, R. D. 1993. Parasitoides larvales y pupales de be a feature of Tachinidae-FAW larval popula- Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctu- tions (Ashley 1986), as observed in Teya; but the idae) en Centroamérica con una clave para las espe- cies encontradas en Honduras. Ceiba 34: 33-56. percentage of parasitism caused by E. plathype- CAVE, R. D. 1995. Manual para el Reconocimiento de nae was lower than others reported (i.e., Molina- Parasitoides de Plagas Agrícolas en América Cen- Ochoa et al. 2004). All the species emerging from tral. Zamorano Academic Press Honduras. 202 pp. FAW immatures are primary koinobionts, attack- EL-HENEIDY, A. H. 1985. Biological aspects on Euplec- ing larval stages and killing the host, as larvae or trus plathypenae How. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), pupae. According to our results, no single para- a larval parasitoid of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera sitoid species exerted significant mortality frugiperda J. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Ag- throughout a major portion of FAW
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