Bosnisches Skizzenbuch

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Bosnisches Skizzenbuch FERDIN\NI>R\NGEnNER }^m vVtYQp '</BR^^ ^,- h\^ h'-yn 7"/ Bosnischeß Skizzenbuch. Bosnion imd clie troroeg-o^^iiia. Bosnische^ Skizzenbuch. Landsehafts- und Kultur -Bilder aus Bosnien und der Hercegovina. Von, Milena Preindlsberger-Mrazovic. Illustriert von Ludwig Hans Fischer. '-^:^ti^>mm^^^:'^. Dresden — E. Pierson's Verlag — Leipzig. I90Q. b6 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Druck von B. Piersori's Verlag (R. Linoke) in Dresden. 0^?oozS--Z^^ Vorwort. Wohl in keinem Lande sonst knüpfte so unver- mittelt moderne Kultur an das Mittelalter an, wie in Bosnien und der Hercegovina mit dem Beginne der Verwaltung durch die österreichisch-ungarische Mon- archie. Die Folge davon ist eine in tiefstem Frieden sich vollziehende Revolution, die aber so gev^altig und unwiderstehlich ist, wie keine der blutigen je vorher, und vor der nichts Bestand hat, was dem Zeitgeiste widerstrebt. Damit ändert sich sowohl Wesen wie Form. Alles wird anders: die Berge und Flüsse, die Sümpfe und Wälder, die Wüsten und Städte. Anders werden die Felder bestellt, anders die Häuser gebaut; die nationale Kleidung weicht; der alte Hausrat wandert auf den Dachboden oder ins Museum; Lied, Spiel und Volks- brauch in die volkskundliche Literatur, — denn was hier soll auferstehen, muss im Leben untergehen. Aber der rasche Prozess, den diieser Wandel be- deutet, wird vorübergehen, die Gegensätze werden sich ausgleichen, und die Flucht der Erscheinungen wird, wenigstens für das Auge des Zeitgenossen, zum Still- stande kommen. Die Decennien, in welchen sich dies alles abspielt, werden später nur als ein interessanter VI Moment erscheinen, und den Stimmen aus dieser merk- würdigen Übergangszeit wird man wohl nicht ohne Teil- nahme Gehör schenken. Erwägungen solcher Art veranlassten mich, die folgenden Blätter dem Drucke zu übergeben, da sie nur Selbstgeschautes, Selbstgehörtes und Selbsterlebtes ent- halten. Es sind aneinandergereihte Notizen aus meinen Tagebüchern, die nicht den Ehrgeiz haben, belehren zu wollen, die einfach nur einen Teil dessen wiedergeben^ was mir im Laufe der Jahre im Gedächtnisse haften blieb. Habe ich doch fast mein ganzes Leben in Bosnien gelebt! Den Hintergrund meines Erinnerns nimmt das orientalische Bosnien ein, — eine Märchengestalt aus früher Jugendzeit. Dann hiess mich ein Paradoxon des Lebens durch sechs Jahre ein die politischen und wirt- schaftlichen Interessen dieser Länder vertretendes Journal in Sarajevo leiten, eine Aufgabe, die mich zu aufmerk- samer Beobachtung von Land und Leuten zwang und viele Beisen nötig machte. Und endlich baute mir ein gütiges Geschick vor einigen Jahren hier einen eigenen Herd, und ich konnte meine offizielle Stellung mit der bevorzugten einer Gattin und Mutter vertauschen. In der Hast publizistischer Tagesarbeit kam ich über kleine Artikel und Feuilletons für in- und ausländische Blätter nicht hinaus; nur einmal versuchte ich mich auch mit einem (nun bereits vergriffenen) Bande bosnischer Novellen: „Selam" (Berlin, 1893). Jetzt aber verdichtet sich mir das Vergangene zu einem einzigen, einheitlichen Bilde, das ich in diesem Buche festzuhalten strebe. Mein künstlerischer Genosse bei diesem Gang in die Welt, Ludwig Hans Fischer, bedarf keiner Vor-^ Stellung. Er schuf die Inseln im Fluss der Beschreibung, VII auf welche das Auge des Lesers zuerst^ fallen, auf welchen es gewiss mit Freude ruhen wird. Wenn dieser weitgereiste, westöstliche Landschaftsmeister in Bosnien und der Hercegovina so viel des Schönen und Be- deutungsvollen fand, müssen diese Länder liebevoller Darstellung in allen Künsten wohl wert sein. Sarajevo, im September 1900. Die Verfasserin. Zur Aussprache! Für die vorkommenden südslavischen Worte und Turcismen wurde die bei Anwendung der Lateinschrift ausnahmslos gebräuchliche kroatische Orthographie angewendet. Nach dieser lautet: c wie „z in „Zelt". c wie „tsch" in „Kutscher". c ungefähr wie „tj" oder wie ein sehr weich aus- gesprochenes „tsch". dj, dz und gj ungefähr wie „dsch". Ij wie das italienische „gl" in „flglio". nj wie das italienische „gn" in „agnello". s wie das scharfe „ss" in „Messer". s wie „seh" in „Geschirr". Y wie „w" in „Weg". z wie das sanfte „s" in „Wiese". z wie das weiche französische „j" in „jour". Inhalt. Seite I. Am Hauptflusse ins Herz des Landes ..... 1 ^^ Erste Eindrücke. Bosnisch-Brod. Dervent. Aus der Saveebene ins Bosnathal. Doboj und üsora. TeSanj. Maglaj. Bosnischer Waldreichtum. Die Jagdfalken der Edelleute. I^epce. Vranduk. Zenica. Bosnische Sträf- linge. Die „Kaldrma". Flüchtige Bilder. Das Königs- land an der oberen Bosna. Visoko. Holzpflug und Araba. Am Ziele. i IL Die Stadt des Eroberers 19 Sarajevos Lage. „Hundert Moscheen." Die Stadt- bezirke. Das alte „Vrhbosna". Gründung von Bosna- Saraj durch Mehmed Fatih. Erste Bauten. Die Kaiser- moschee und die Brücken. Türkische Gastfreundschaft. Wasserleitungen. Die zweite grosse Bauperiode unter Ghazi Husref-Beg. Christenviertel. Ghetto. Die Zünfte. Die grosse Moschee Ghazi Husref-Begs. Seine übrigen Stiftungen. Die Ali-Pascha- und die Ferhadija-Moschee. Theke's. Die Jenitscharen. Prinz Eugen. Das Festungs- viertel. Volksleben in türkischer Zeit. Die neue Ära. y IIL Das Quelland der Bosna 43 Das „Feld" von Sarajevo. Bosnaquelle. Ilid^e. Trebevic. Igman. BjeMnica. Treskavica. Visoöica. Das bosnische Urgebirge. KreSevo. Die Bogumilen. Bosnische Franziskaner. Fra Grgo Martic. Erzlager. Fojnica. Matorac und Krstac. Die Königsschlösser der Zvijezda-Planina. Kloster Sutjeska. VareS und Öevlja- novic. Die Ozren-Planina. Der Wasserfall von Naho- revo. Die Hochebene von Glasinac. Ein altillyrisches Hirtenreich. Die Romanija. XII Seite IV. Das Podrinje und das Sandschak Novipazar . 61 Eine zertretene Kultur. Ausblick vom Ranjen. Drina- Ursprung. Scepan-Poljc. Foca. Leder- und Waffen-Industrie. Die Aladza- Moschee. Ustikolina. Gorazda. Saraobor. Die Buchdruckerei von Sopotnica. Cajnice und sein Marien - Kultus. Die Sage von der Daphne Blagayana. Wunderwald und Wunderquellen. Das Sandschak von Novipazar. Die österreichisch- ungarischen Besatzungstruppen. Der Weg zum Lim. Alte Klöster. Lim-Mündung. Bjelobrdo und sein Kultur- kreis. Endo. Dobrunj. Visegrad. Die Brücke des bosnischen Grossvezicrs. Kraljevic Marko und Gjergjelez Alija. Pobratimstvo. Semec- Karaula. Rogatica, die Stadt der Frommen und Gelehrten. Ein bosnischer Scheich-Ül-Islam. Ahnengräber. Das Bistum „Praöa". Ein Volkstribun. V. Die mittlere und untere Drina und das grosse, östliche Waldgebiet 85 Die Drina-Klammen. Hrtare. Eine unglückliche Fürstin. Der „Slap". Zepa-Brücke. Wilde Planina's. Ruine Klotjevac. Die serbische Grenze. Die Haus- koramunion (Zadruga). Lebensweise in derselben. Rö- mische Totenhaine. Bergbau -Kolonien. Die Guber- Quelle. Srebrenica, die „Silberstadt". Die Drina- Anwohner. Die Drinaca. Zupa Borac. Kladanj. W^all- fahrtsort Olovo. Die Krivaja und ihre Holzausfuhrbahn. „Station Kusace". Zvornik. Das flache Land. Bosnisch- Raca. Drina-Mtindung. VI. Das bosnische Industrie-Viertel 105 Das Majevica-Gebirge. Soli, das Salzland. Tuzla. Kohlen-Bergbau. Fabriken. Das Thal der Spreca und seine Bahngeleise. Kloster Ozren. Gracanica. „Banat Srebrenik." Gradaßac. „Der Drache von Bosnien," VII. Die Save-Niederung 111 Der Gromzel-Sumpf. Bjelina. Kafanaund Carsija. Aga und Kmet. Die Save. Bauernanwesen ohne Ställe. Brezovopolje. Pflaumenernte. Brcka, der bosnische Pflaumen weitmarkt. Alija Kucukalic. Die Edelsitze am XIII Seite Fusse der Majevica. Die Kula von Bjela. Muhanie- danische Bdelfrauen. Urzeitliche Austernbänke. Wölfe. Karavlahen und Gurbet's. Orasje. Dobor und Modric. Bosna-Moräste. Samac. VIII. Im westbosnischen Rarste 125 Das westliche Stufenland. Tote Berge. Die Polje's. Wassermangel und Wasserschwall. Die Ponor's. Römische Spuren. Kloster Gorica. Livno. Strassenbau im Karst. Das Hirtenreich am Polje von Kuprcs. Pferde- rennen. Der Schimmel des Begs Kopcic. Waldgrenze. IX. Zwischen Vrbas und Una 137 Die Grenze der Krajina. Der letzte bosnische König. Sana -Durchbruch. Kljuc. Die Bauern von Reizovici. Verwunschene Schätze und Burgen. Urwald Crnagora. Lusce-Jezero. Grmeö- Planina. Bei ^en Hirten des Bravsko-Polje. Teufelsgeschichten. Petro- vac. Das „Honig" -Feld. Das Karstphänomen und die Dolina's. Bllaj. Bin Römerdenkmal. X. Das bhitige Grenzland 149 Ein Einöd -Wirtshaus. Die Vila's. Knien -Vakuf und Ostrovica. Die „ijuta Krajina". Die Hajduken- Republik an den „Schwarzen Bächen". Unselige Land- striche. Grahovo. Ermanj - Manastir und der grosse Una-Fall. Flussbild der Una. Die „Trockene Grenze". Bihac. Die Funde von Ripaö, Golubic und Jezerine, Die „Mühlen von Kosteo". Die Riva degli Schiavoni. Der äuss erste Grenzgau. Kriegsgeschichten. Ruinen und kein Ende. Cazin. Grosse Kinder. Die besten Steuerzahler. Burg Ostrozac. Hassan Aga Pecki. Der Krajina-Held als Ehemann. Die nördlichsten Grenzforts. Brüder Hrnjica. Otoka. Krupa. XL Rings um die Kozara und quer durch die ^upa 175 Das Kozara-Gebirge. Am unteren Vrbas. Deutsche Kolonien. Bosnisch - Gradiska. Dubica. Kostajnica. Dobrlin. Die ottomanische Bahnlinie. Burg Blagaj und die „Schwarze Königin". Der Eisendistrikt der Sana. Kohlenflötze. Handelsstadt Prjeder. Kozarac. Banjaluka. XIV Seite Familiensinn. Gornji-Seher. Das Waldland zwischen Vrbas und Bosna. Kobas. Die Quellgebiete der Ukrina, der Usora, des Ugar und der Vrbanja. Kotor-Varo§. XII. Felsen und Ruinen, Seen und Katarakte . 186 Erzdistrikt Sinjakovo. Die Vrbas-Deflles. Krupa und Bocac. Podmilacje. Alte Bräuche. Jajce. Die Pliva-Seen. Ein verschollener Held. Der grosse Pliva- Fall. Historie und Sage. Kaiserfeld und Königsgrab. Der
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