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Iran Human Rights Defenders Report 2019/20
IRAN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS REPORT 2019/20 Table of Contents Definition of terms and concepts 4 Introduction 7 LAWYERS Amirsalar Davoudi 9 Payam Derafshan 10 Mohammad Najafi 11 Nasrin Sotoudeh 12 CIVIL ACTIVISTS Zartosht Ahmadi-Ragheb 13 Rezvaneh Ahmad-Khanbeigi 14 Shahnaz Akmali 15 Atena Daemi 16 Golrokh Ebrahimi-Irayi 17 Farhad Meysami 18 Narges Mohammadi 19 Mohammad Nourizad 20 Arsham Rezaii 21 Arash Sadeghi 22 Saeed Shirzad 23 Imam Ali Popular Student Relief Society 24 TEACHERS Esmaeil Abdi 26 Mahmoud Beheshti-Langroudi 27 Mohammad Habibi 28 MINORITY RIGHTS ACTIVISTS Mary Mohammadi 29 Zara Mohammadi 30 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS Persian Wildlife Heritage Foundation 31 Workers rights ACTIVISTS Marzieh Amiri 32 This report has been prepared by Iran Human Rights (IHR) Esmaeil Bakhshi 33 Sepideh Gholiyan 34 Leila Hosseinzadeh 35 IHR is an independent non-partisan NGO based in Norway. Abolition of the Nasrin Javadi 36 death penalty, supporting human rights defenders and promoting the rule of law Asal Mohammadi 37 constitute the core of IHR’s activities. Neda Naji 38 Atefeh Rangriz 39 Design and layout: L Tarighi Hassan Saeedi 40 © Iran Human Rights, 2020 Rasoul Taleb-Moghaddam 41 WOMEN’S RIGHTS ACTIVISTS Raha Ahmadi 42 Raheleh Ahmadi 43 Monireh Arabshahi 44 Yasaman Aryani 45 Mojgan Keshavarz 46 Saba Kordafshari 47 Nedaye Zanan Iran 48 www.iranhr.net Recommendations 49 Endnotes 50 : @IHRights | : @iranhumanrights | : @humanrightsiran Definition of Terms & Concepts PRISONS Evin Prison: Iran’s most notorious prison where Wards 209, 240 and 241, which have solitary cells called security“suites” and are controlled by the Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS): Ward 209 Evin: dedicated to security prisoners under the jurisdiction of the MOIS. -
Modernization and Political Parties: a Case Study of the Hashemi Rafsanjani Administration
Modernization and Political Parties: A Case Study of the Hashemi Rafsanjani Administration * Prof. Dr. Elaheh Koolaee Professor of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ** Dr. Yousef Mazarei PhD of Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Abstract This paper aims to explore the emergence of a political and social phenomenon, namely political parties, during a specific period in the history of contemporary Iran, in order to move beyond simple analyses and present a deeper and more accurate understanding of political parties in Iran. The question thatthis paper aims to answer pertains to the emergence (ISJ) Studies / Journal No. International of the Executives of the Construction of Iran Party (Kargozaran-e Sazandegi-e Iran) and the role of the Hashemi Rafsanjani administration’s modernization efforts. In order to do so, among three main theories, modernization theory has been selected as the theoretical framework. The paper also uses secondary data analysis as its methodology. In new theories of modernization, instead of focusing on ‘ideal types’, the focus is shifted toward historical features specific to each society. The findings of this research demonstrate that there is a direct link between the HashemiRafsaniani administration’s modernizations and the emergence of 57 / the Executives of the Construction of Iran Party (Kargozaran Party). This V administration’s modernization efforts caused a significant shift in Iran’s development indexes, which resulted in the revival of Iran’s new middle class and provided a basis for the foundation of Kargozaran Party and its victories in subsequent elections. The party became the major proponent of political and economic reform, social liberties, and cultural tolerance in Iran’s political arena. -
Guardian Politics in Iran: a Comparative Inquiry Into the Dynamics of Regime Survival
GUARDIAN POLITICS IN IRAN: A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO THE DYNAMICS OF REGIME SURVIVAL A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Payam Mohseni, M.A. Washington, DC June 22, 2012 Copyright 2012 by Payam Mohseni All Rights Reserved ii GUARDIAN POLITICS IN IRAN: A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO THE DYNAMICS OF REGIME SURVIVAL Payam Mohseni, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Daniel Brumberg, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The Iranian regime has repeatedly demonstrated a singular institutional resiliency that has been absent in other countries where “colored revolutions” have succeeded in overturning incumbents, such as Ukraine, Georgia, Serbia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova, or where popular uprisings like the current Arab Spring have brought down despots or upended authoritarian political landscapes, including Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen, Libya and even Syria. Moreover, it has accomplished this feat without a ruling political party, considered by most scholars to be the key to stable authoritarianism. Why has the Iranian political system proven so durable? Moreover, can the explanation for such durability advance a more deductive science of authoritarian rule? My dissertation places Iran within the context of guardian regimes—or hybrid regimes with ideological military, clerical or monarchical institutions steeped in the politics of the state, such as Turkey and Thailand—to explain the durability of unstable polities that should be theoretically prone to collapse. “Hybrid” regimes that combine competitive elections with nondemocratic forms of rule have proven to be highly volatile and their average longevity is significantly shorter than that of other regime types. -
Iran and the Arab World
e Arab Iti)rld acldresse ,, 111,- most ,Ii Nil and •,10.1 40,00 .1 Middle-East politics, With .1 1,0011;100n tkk I , tiro 1 Gulf states combined, lit rill 0141 t,,i„ ()tied leadership position in th,. , I4II lit sertion, Iran must be a part 01 ,110 hamt k oh k e Middle East in general, `i , i lean, it eneral refusal to disctiss its hoe num, taks through this barrier 01 so, it„ III1 .1,k,h, tions with Syria, 1,ebankm, 11,al, 1 1.N ',midi A1,11.1. 1 . ,110 the Gulf Cooperation Count 11 I he. 1 ,, 1111 , 111 ,- )lating the New World ()Ilk' 11) ill. 111(1 is (chard W. Runlet. Professor of Ilihtoly,, t'olti ^ 10,4 I 1 1 1%1 1 , Edited by Hooshang Amirahmadi ,b relations arc crucial tor understanding the kJaileMpOtaty e Middle East. To date, no monograph has nettled this iMptif and Nader Entessar despite the Iran--Iraq war, Iran's role in the Lehrunin, and art for radical Islamic Retires in the Atah 0,111 ban anti the admirably fills this lacuna. In a serot irn 1•,,1 essio Mat imp act of ideology, United States poll, ‘. I.-Imams with ates on Iranian•Arab relations, dies ‘,,Inint. Iii 4 11111 at the prospects for conflict and sulhons in OW / , ‘!■ .1, SO / 1 + 4 n 'ma Iran and the rid is must reading 1 / a those seek nit,' .1 niil‘ 11) 1111 1 1 1 1/1:11' , 1 \ g of Middle East politics.' ■,rie Davis, Professor of Political St is nc r, Rutyci. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Indeterminate Governmentality: Neoliberal Politics in Revolutionary Iran, 1968-1979 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fm253hw Author Davari, Arash Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Indeterminate Governmentality: Neoliberal Politics in Revolutionary Iran, 1968-1979 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Arash Davari 2016 ã Copyright by Arash Davari 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Indeterminate Governmentality: Neoliberal Politics in Revolutionary Iran, 1968-1979 by Arash Davari Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Kirstie M. McClure, Co-Chair Professor Mark Q. Sawyer, Co-Chair This dissertation situates the emergence of revolutionary resistance in Pahlavi Iran in parallel with the emergence of neoliberal political rationality in the Middle East. In the process, it theorizes neoliberalism anew. Through an engagement with archives of social practice in Iran and its diaspora between 1968 and 1979, neoliberalism is presented as a political rationality that involves rhetorical disavowal at root ¾ what I refer to as indeterminate governmentality. The study employs parallelism as a theoretical construct reflecting the logic of the revolutionary transformation and periodic shift at hand. The disavowals considered include renderings of a collective on individualist terms; formations of solidarity through empathy; and orientations toward order in the production of disorder. The archival material considered includes state documents; activist records, ephemera, and publications; theoretical texts; literature; popular cinema; periodicals; and ethnographic interviews. -
US Foreign Policy and Its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran
A Fleeting, Forgotten, Modus Vivendi: U.S. Foreign Policy and its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran Before the Hostage Crisis of 1979 By Nathan Eckman Senior Thesis Spring 2018 Columbia University Department of History Seminar Advisor: Matthew Connelly Faculty Advisor: Peter Awn Table of Contents 2 Preface & Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 11 Chapter One: America, The Arbiter January – December, 1978 25 Chapter Two: “The Islamic Movement Will Squander” January – April, 1979 42 Chapter Three: Dawn in Qom, Dusk in Tehran May – November, 1979 54 Conclusion 60 Bibliography Eckman 1 Preface & Acknowledgments Four years ago I was in the Middle East wearing Marine Corps combat utilities. The men I trained beside, the seas and straits my ship traveled through, and the lands my platoon traversed illuminated the complexity and richness of the Middle East as a whole. I became fascinated with the region’s history and the United States’ involvement in it. It was also then that I decided to study the region whenever and wherever I went to school. Even then, due in part to its mysterious image and rogue-classification, I knew Iran must be the topic of my studies. So to begin, I must thank Columbia University and its History Department for providing me the opportunity to make my intellectual aspirations a reality. My years at this institution have challenged me on nearly every front and simultaneously given me the autonomy to find answers for myself. This, of course, is possible only because of the people that are the fabric of this great institution. It is tempting to list every man and woman who helped me along this journey. -
Persian Truths and American Self-Deception Hassan Rouhani, Muhammad-Javad Zarif, and Ali Khamenei in Their Own Words
Persian Truths and American Self-Deception Hassan Rouhani, Muhammad-Javad Zarif, and Ali Khamenei in Their Own Words Ali Alfoneh Reuel Marc Gerecht April 2015 FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES FOUNDATION Persian Truths and American Self-Deception Hassan Rouhani, Muhammad-Javad Zarif, and Ali Khamenei in Their Own Words Ali Alfoneh Reuel Marc Gerecht April 2015 FDD PRESS A division of the FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES Washington, DC Persian Truths and American Self-Deception Table of Contents Introduction: A Decent Respect for the Written Word [in Persian] ......................................................................... 2 I: The Man and The Myth: The Many Faces of Hassan Rouhani ............................................................................. 4 II: An Iranian Moderate Exposed: Everyone Thought Iran’s Foreign Minister Was a Pragmatist. They Were Wrong. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 III: Iran’s Supreme Censor: The Evolution of Ali Khamenei from Sensitive Lover of Western Literature to Enforcer of Islamic Revolutionary Orthodoxy .......................................................................................................... 25 Persian Truths and American Self-Deception Introduction: A Decent Respect ever-so-short reform movement under president Mohammad Khatami) — they may have read little for the Written Word [in Persian] of the writings of the mullahs -
Download Here
www.gradeup.co 1 www.gradeup.co Part-1 1.Which of the following statements is/are correct? i. Recently, Indian economist Amartya Kumar Sen has been conferred with Spain's Princess of Asturias Award 2021 in the social sciences category. ii. Amartya Sen won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 A. i only B. ii only C. Both i and ii D. Neither i nor ii 2.When is World No Tobacco Day observed? A. May 13 B. May 3 C. May 31 D. May 24 3.Indian Broadcasting Foundation (IBF), the apex industry body of broadcasters, was renamed as……………. A. Indian Broadcasting and Digital Foundation B. Indian Board of Digital Foundation C. Indian Broadcasting and Digital Media D. Indian Broadcasting and Digital Council 4.Which state has appointed ‘Guardian Ministers’ to review implementation of central and state government policy? A. Kerala B. Uttar Pradesh C. Rajasthan D. Assam 5.When is International Day of UN Peacekeepers observed? A. May 19 B. May 29 C. May 30 2 www.gradeup.co D. May 23 6.The Ministry of Education recently launched YUVA- Prime Minister’s Scheme For Mentoring Young Authors. Identify the points that are correctly related to the YUVA scheme. i. Full form of YUVA is Young, Upcoming and Versatile Authors. ii. It is an Author Mentorship programme to train young and budding authors (below 40 years of age). iii. The National Book Trust, India under the Ministry of Education, is the Implementing Agency of the scheme. A. ii and iii only B. i and iii only C. -
Discursive Continuity of Political Nationalism As a Form of Opposition Politics in Modern Iran
DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY PINAR ARIKAN SİNKAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2015 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İhsan Dağı (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zana Çitak Aytürk (METU, IR) Asst. Prof. Dr. Derya Göçer Akder (METU, ARS) Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker Aytürk (BİLKENT, POLS) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Pınar Arıkan Sinkaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN Arıkan Sinkaya, Pınar Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık September 2015, 392 pages The dissertation examines political nationalism as a transformative power of modern Iranian politics at the societal level through historical-sociological study of four mass opposition movements, which are the Constitutional Movement (1906-11), National Front Movement (1949-53), Iranian Revolution Movement (1978-79), and Green Movement (2009). -
Implications for Us Policy
The Middle East Institute IRAN'S ELECTIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR US POLICY THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE • WASHINGTON, D The Middle East IS® Institute Wednesday, July 30,1997 Dolley Madison Ballroom The Madison Hotel 15th & M Streets, NW Washington, DC 20005 IRAN'S ELECTIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR US POLICY Introduction John Calabrese, Middle East Institute 3 Khatami's Election: Implications for Iranian Politics Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Syracuse University 5 • Prospects for Democracy and Pluralism in Iran Stephen Fairbanks, Woodrow Wilson Center 8 • Referendum for Change Mohammad Mahallati, Columbia University 11 Discussion 14 Iranian-American Relations: Time to Reassess Richard Murphy, Council on Foreign Relations 16 • Prospects for US-Iran Relations: Khobar and the Sanctions Debate Gregg Rickman, Office of Senator D'Amato 20 • Towards Conditional Engagement Richard Haass, The Brookings Institution 25 • The United States and Iran: Strategic Considerations Geoffrey Kemp, Nixon Center for Peace and Freedom 28 Discussion 31 Participant Biographies 35 © THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE 1761 N Street, NW Washington, DC 20036-2882 (202) 785-1141 • fax (202) 331-8861 mideasti @ mideasti.org http://www.mideasti.org/mei Introduction John Calabrese n July 30,1997, The Middle East Institute (MEI) sponsored a conference on "Iran's Elections: Implications for US Policy," which was held at the Madison Hotel in Washington, DC. The contents of this volume are the official record of the confer ence proceedings. This conference was organized in anticipation of the May 1997 Iranian presidential elections, though not in anticipation of the stunning election outcome. Indeed, as the confer ence participants acknowledge, most Western analysts, as well as many Iranians, failed to predict the election victory of Mr. -
Une Étude Détaillée De La Privatisation Des Banques D'état Iraniennes: Les
UNIVERSITE MONTESQUIEU – BORDEAUX IV ECOLE DOCTORALE ENTREPRISE ECONOMIE SOCIETE (E.D. 42) DOCTORAT en SCIENCES DE GESTION Chahla ANSARI AZARBAYJANI A STUDY ACROSS OF IRAN STATE-OWNED BANKS PRIVATIZATION: CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS FOR PRIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWNED BANKS AND CONTINUATION OF PRIVATE BANKING IN IRAN Thèse dirigée par Madame Corynne JAFFEUX, Professeur des Universités Soutenue le 12 September, 2011 Jury (par ordre alphabétique) : Monsieur Pedro ARBULU Maître de Conférences Suffragant Monsieur Serge EVRAERT Professeur des Universités President Monsieur Jean-Fabrice LEBRATY Professeur des Universités Rapportteur Monsieur Jean-Pierre NEVEU Professeur des Universités Rapportteur 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 RÉSUMÉ ................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 MOTS‐ CLÉS ............................................................................................................................................................................. -
Fateme Bashiri
1_ Walking a Tightrope towards Sustainability A multi-level transition analysis of Iranian Nature Schools as an alternative educational initiative Fateme Bashiri Master Thesis Series in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science, No 2020:042 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Lund University International Master’s Programme in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science (30hp/credits) LUCSUS Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies Walking a Tightrope towards Sustainability A multi-level transition analysis of Iranian Nature Schools as an alternative educational initiative Fateme Bashiri A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Lund University International Master’s Programme in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science Submitted May 12, 2020 Supervisor: Ellinor Isgren, LUCSUS, Lund University Empty page Abstract Sustainable development requires a change of values, norms, and capabilities within individuals and societies, and education is a crucial means to achieve these goals. However, transformation is not a simple task as dominant structures due to path-dependency and lock-in processes resist change, put pressure on innovative approaches, and hinder their potential for change. Thus the question is how such educational innovations come about and handle the pressures. This thesis, by taking a dual agency-structure stance towards social change, investigates a case of educational innovation in Iran called Nature School, to understand the dynamics of innovation development under the existing structural pressures. Four years after their establishment, Nature Schools were severely constrained through legal injunctions, yet developed various strategies of persistence. In this thesis, a unique model of Multi-level perspective is applied to analyze the interaction between niche innovation and dominant structures, suggesting concepts of free social spaces for understanding the dynamics of niche development and persistence.