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Modélisation Des Impacts Environnementaux

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Modélisation Des Impacts Environnementaux Mémoire de stage présenté par Denis CHEYNET Modélisation des impacts environnementaux Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? Soutenance : 16 septembre 2011 – ENTPE – Vaulx-en-Velin Sous la direction de : § Patrick BONNEL, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports § Benjamin PLOUVIEZ, Egis France Master Transports Urbains et Régionaux de Personnes (TURP) Période de stage : 4 avril 2011 – 31 juillet 2011 Année universitaire 2010 – 2011 Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? Fiche bibliographique [Intitulé du diplôme] Master Professionnel Transports Urbains et Régionaux de Personnes (TURP) [Tutelles] - Université Lumière Lyon 2 - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat (ENTPE) [Titre] Modélisation des impacts environnementaux [Sous-titre] Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? [Auteur] Denis CHEYNET [Membres du Jury (nom et affiliation)] - Patrick BONNEL, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports - Benjamin PLOUVIEZ, Egis France [Nom et adresse du lieu du stage] Egis France 170 avenue Thiers 69455 LYON cedex 6 France [Résumé] Ce rapport a pour objectif d’identifier des domaines d’application pour la modélisation des impacts environnementaux des projets de transport. Le périmètre étudié comprend les émissions de polluants atmosphériques, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la consommation d’énergie. Le bruit et la dispersion des polluants atmosphériques sont confiés par Egis France à des entités spécialisées. Ce travail présente le cadre juridique et les domaines dans lesquels cette modélisation est devenue obligatoire. Puis, parmi les outils issus des projets de recherche européens ou développés par Egis France, il propose une sélection de logiciels et de méthodes permettant de couvrir les besoins clients. Parmi les principaux résultats, cette étude fournit un exemple d’application de modélisation des polluants atmosphériques issus du trafic routier à l’aide de HBEFA et propose une méthode pour effectuer des bilans énergétiques. [Mots clés] Diffusion : ARTEMIS, automobile, bruit, COPERT, EAA, - papier : [oui/non]* EMEP, énergie, environnement, - électronique : [oui/non]* environnemental, étude d'impact, facteur (* : Rayer la mention inutile) d'émission, HBEFA, impact, gaz à effet de serre, loi, modélisation, PDU, pollution, Confidentiel jusqu'au : réglementation, route, transport, véhicule, voiture. [Date de publication] [Nombre de pages] [Bibliographie (nombre)] 31/08/2011 146 152 Denis CHEYNET – Master TURP – Egis France 3 Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? 4 Denis CHEYNET – Master TURP – Egis France Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? Publication data form [Entitled of Diploma] Master Degree Diploma in Urban and Regional Passenger Transport Studies [Supervision by authorities] - Université Lumière Lyon 2 - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat (ENTPE) [Title] Environmental modelling [Subtitle] Scope for transportation projects [Author] Denis CHEYNET [Members of the Jury (name and affiliation)] - Patrick BONNEL, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports - Benjamin PLOUVIEZ, Egis France [Place of training] Egis France 170 avenue Thiers 69455 LYON cedex 6 France [Summary] This report aims to identify the environmental modelling scope for transportation projects. It covers air pollutants, greenhouse gases emissions and energy use. Noise and pollutant dispersion remain in the scope of specialized units. It presents the legislation and the laws which make it mandatory to take environmental matters in account in transport projects. Based on tools developped under European research projects or by Egis France, it proposes a selection of software and methods in order to cover clients’ needs. Among key results, it gives an example with HBEFA to model road air pollutants and a method to calculate energy use in transport. [Key Words] Distribution statement : ARTEMIS, automobile, car, COPERT, EAA, - Paper : [yes / no]* EMEP, emission factor, energy, - Electronic : [yes / no]* environment, environmental, greenhouse (* Scratch the useless mention) gases, HBEFA, impact study, inventory guidebook, law, modelling, modeling, noise, Declassification date : PDU, pollutant, pollution, road, transport, transportation, vehicle. [Publication date] [Nb of pages] [Bibliography] 08/31/2011 146 152 Denis CHEYNET – Master TURP – Egis France 5 Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? 6 Denis CHEYNET – Master TURP – Egis France Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? Remerciements je tiens à remercier tout particulièrement : § Michel ANDRÉ, directeur de recherche à l’IFSTTAR et expert international sur les questions d’émissions de polluants des véhicules routiers, pour m’avoir reçu un long moment et m’avoir apporté des informations de qualité sur les projets de recherche européens ; § Patrick BONNEL, président du jury de ce stage et responsable pédagogique du master Transports Urbains et Régionaux de personnes, pour sa grande disponibilité et ses conseils avisés pour la rédaction du présent mémoire ; § Christine BREAVOINE pour son accueil au sein de l’agence de Lyon et – bien que ce soit une ressource rare – avoir réussi à me trouver chaque jour un bureau ; § Benjamin PLOUVIEZ, responsable développement durable au sein d’Egis France et qui a été mon responsable de stage au sein d’Egis France, pour son accueil et l’autonomie qu’il m’a accordée. je voudrais remercier par ailleurs : § jeoffrey AMIOT, Antonin CAEN, Aymeric CASIN, Aurélien CHANUT, Yves COHEN, Agnès CUVELIER, Fabrice DUCASSE, Laurent DUCROS, Didier ETCHANCHU, Dominique GIRAUD, Cécile GODINOT, Mireille LATTUATI, Emmanuel LE COZ, Guillaume LELORCH, Olivier LESPINGAL, Vincent LICHERE, Jean-Marc MORIN, Benjamin NARCE, Cédric PERROT, Nicolas PICHERAL, Barbara PORTALIER, Pascal SEUM SOUK, André-Pierre SURINEAU et Maud WAN du groupe Egis, pour m’avoir accordé de leur temps et avoir répondu à mes questions ; § Mathias COPY de l’ADEME et Damien VERRY du Certu. Denis CHEYNET – Master TURP – Egis France 7 Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? 8 Denis CHEYNET – Master TURP – Egis France Modélisation des impacts environnementaux – Quelles applications dans le domaine des transports ? Sommaire 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 11 2. Contexte ................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Bref rappel des enjeux environnementaux ..................................................................... 13 2.2. Définition du périmètre .......................................................................................................... 15 2.3. Notion de développement durable ..................................................................................... 19 2.4. Egis Mobilité devient Egis France ........................................................................................ 20 2.5. L’INRETS devient l’IFFSTAR ................................................................................................... 20 3. Le cadre juridique ................................................................................................................ 21 3.1. Orientation générale ................................................................................................................ 21 3.2. Pollution atmosphérique ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3. Normes Euro ............................................................................................................................... 27 3.4. Les éléments de planification ............................................................................................... 28 3.5. Etudes d’impact ......................................................................................................................... 35 3.6. Débat public ................................................................................................................................ 39 3.7. Bruit ............................................................................................................................................... 40 4. La modélisation des impacts environnementaux ..................................................... 43 4.1. Panorama général .................................................................................................................... 43 4.2. Les projets de recherche européens .................................................................................. 54 4.3. Les algorithmes et logiciels de modélisation .................................................................. 65 4.4. Modélisation de la demande de transport ....................................................................... 73 4.5. Sélection d’outils et de méthodes internes du groupe Egis ........................................ 78 4.6. Autres outils ................................................................................................................................ 82 5. Les besoins liés aux impacts environnementaux .....................................................
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