Some North American Birds in Panama
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422 J•w•, NorthAmerican Birds in Panama. I[AukJuly SOME NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS IN PANAMA. BY L. L. JEWEL, C. E. DUR•5'Gthe greater part of 1911 and up to September,1912, the author lived at Gatfin, Canal Zone, and nearly all Sundays and holidays (luring this period were spent in collectingand studying native birds. Naturally, many birds of the A. O. U. Check-List were observed, some resident in Panama and some transients or winter visitors. After July, 1911, records of the occurrence of suchhave beenkept as completelyas availabletime would allow. In many casesspecimens were taken as recorded.in the annotated list following. Gat fin is situated sevenmiles inland and directly south of Co16n, at the beginningof what are practically the first foot hills of the Isthmus. The coast-lineswings so far in just west of Co16n,how- ever, titat only three or four miles of low fiat land- some of it very marshy-- separatesGatfin from the bay. Indeed, salt water now comesup the old French canal, the East Diversion and the new American eanal, to the very door of Gatfin. The valley of the Rio Chagresis here about a mile and a half wide and is now, of course,filled acrossby the Gatfro locks,dam and spillway. This constructionwork has destroyedmuch cover,but on the other hand, the clearingsmade in and about the town of Gatfin and the partial filling of Gatfin lake have perhapsmade the locality more attractive to certain migrant birds from the north. To the south of Gatfin the ridgesdiverge rapidly with miles of the Black Swamp country stretchingbetween them and only a few thiekly grown knolls lessthan one hundred feet high scatteredhere and there. Practically'all of thesewill be submergedwhen the lake is altogetherfilled. The higherhills on either sideof the valley at Gatfin, are about two hundredand fifty feet above sealevel, with a few pointsreach- ing to twice that elevation. Just three miles south of Gatfin on the old line of the Panama Railroad, and in the heart of the Blaek Swampcountry is, or rather was, Loma de Leon, or Lion Hill. It is now accessibleonly by Vol.1913 XXX] J JEWEn,North Ame•'gcan Birds in Panama. 423 canoeand will soonbc lost under the rising waters of Gatfin lake. Thus passesperhaps, the foremost]and-mark of Middle American ornithology. In presentingthe dates for the speciesgiven below, attentior• might be called to the very short time which somenorthern bh'ds are absent from the tropics. The Spotted Sandpiper(Actiris mac•laria) for example,is re-. cordedin every month of the year, except•Iay and June, and this by intermittent observancecovering but little more than oneyear's time. It is, of course,probable that stonefe•v individuals of this speciesmay fail to join the northward movement, and for some reasonor other, spend the entire breedingseason in the tropics; but the arrival of apparently healthy birds in early August, indi- cateshow quicklythe return trip is madeafter the family is reared. The Semi-palmatedPlover (zEgialitissemipalmata) is still earlier in making the return trip, somearriving on the isthmusshortly after the middleof July. Along with the group of early Shore Birds and Swallows,is another Passefinebird which arrives in Panama while it is yet sum- mer in the temperate zone. This is the Yellow Warbler (De•- droica eestit,a eestiva)which certainly may be found in Panama in every month but Jnne and July. This meansthat long before the last bbxlshave left the breedinggrounds in the northernUnited States,the advanceguard is in Panama. Again,in the spring,when first arrivalsare choosingnesting sites as far north as New England many of their kind are still flitting and feedingamong the mangoes and guavasthree thousandmiles southward. Certainly a remark- able distribution. All birds of the A. O. U. Check-List which were identified with certainty, are includedin the followingllst. For severalidentifi- cationsof subspecies,I am indebted to Mr. W. W. Grant of Engle- wood, N.J., and Mr. W. de Witt Miller of the American Museum of Natural History. 1. L•rus •trici11•. LauomNo Gu•,•,.-- A single individual was seen at the mouth of the old French canal near Col6n on December 10 and three more at the sameplace on December 13, 1911. 2. .•tern•. hirundo. Co•oN T•N.--One bird of this specieswas shot from a flock of the following at Gatfin, on December 3, 1911. A singlebird was taken on Gatfin lake on June 9, 1912. 424 JEWEL,'North American Birds in Panama. [JulyAuk 3. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. BLACK TERN.--A few frequentedGatfin lake from December3 to 13, 1911. Onespecimen taken. 4. Anhinga anhinga. WATERTURI•E¾.-- Sparinglyresident in the Gat fin lake district. 5. Pelecanus occidentalis. BROWNPELICAN.--Fairly commonon the Atlantic side. Have also seen them on Gatdn lake. 6. Pelecanus californicus. CALIFORNIA BROWN PELICAN.--Conl- mon on the Pacific side. 7. Fregata aquila. MAN-O'-WARBIRn.-- A commonresident, espe- cially on the Pacific side. 8. Arias platyrhynchos. MALLARD.--Seems to be a rare visitor. One seenon a small lake near Miraflores (Pacific side) on November 26, 1911. Only record. 9. Querquedula discors. BLUE-WINGEnTEAL.-- Probablythe earli- est migrant duck to arrive in Panama. First record is October 14, 1911. A week later it was abundant and for awhile continued so in the marshes around Mindi. Several stomachs were examined and the contents con- sisted largely o[ a small round green unknown seed. The flesh was ex- cellent. On one occasion,I found three birds standingleg deep in the soft hydraulicfill of Gatfin dam. The last record is February 7, 1912, but the specieswas abundant only through November,most of the birds ap- parently goingon into South America. 10. Marila aiTinis. LESSERSCAUP DUC•<.--A very abundant duck on Gatdn lake during the winter months. The earliest record is November 25, 1911, and the latest is March 25, 1912. 11. Ajaia ajaja. ROSEATE SPOON-BILL.--One seen at Gatfin in November, 1911. Probably a rare resident. 12. Ardea herodias herodias. GREATBLUE HERON.-- One positive recordon October29, 1911. This bird was seenat Mindi and inspected closely. In fact, it seemedvery reluctant to take wing and only did so after repeated approachesto probably 30 feet. Other recordswere made at various times, but on June 9, 1912, a heron was shot on the Gatdn River which is clearly another species--or at least, another form. I therefore fee] somedoubt as to all recordsfor this bird, exceptthe onegiven above, and believe there is a resident heron in Panama entirely distinct from the presentspecies, being slightly smallerand without any rufus on the thighs. So far as I am now aware, it is as yet undescribed. 13. Egretta candidissirna candidissirna. SNow¾ EGRET.-- One specimentaken at Mindi on September1, 1912. Probablya rare resident. 14. Hydranassatricolor ruficollis. LOUISIANAHERON.-- Sparingly resident. 15. Florida c•erulea c•erulea. LITTL• BLUE HERON.---The most abundantmember of the family in Panama. The great majority of the birds are howeverwhite. There must be twenty white onesto eachblue, with occasionallyone of mixed plumage. 16. Nycticorax nycticorax n•evius. BLACK-CROWNEDNIGItT-I•ERON. Vol.1913 XXX] J JEWEL,North American Birds it• Panama. 425 -- One specimentaken at Mindi on October 29, 1911. An immature female. 17. Port.aria carolina. SORA.--On October 1, 1911, Mr. Harry Fergusonof Toro Point shot and presentedto me for preservation, a bird of this species. It was, at high noonon a bare coralbeach, in the shadowof a high rock cliff, up which it was attempting to climb. Several birds were seenon October 7 and again October 14, 1911, at Mindi. 18. Ionornis martinica. PURPLE GALL•NULE.-- A common resident. 19. Gallinula galeata. FLORIDAGALL•CLE.--Probably rare. One recorded January 18, 1911. 20. Himantopus mexicanus. BLACK-NECKEDSTILT.-- From No- vember 4 to 11, 1911, it wasreported to me daily that" a funny snipewith a black back and red legs" was feedingin the west valley of Gatfin Dam. I went out and took it on November 11. Except that it was not a snipe, that its back was not black and its legsnot quite red, the descriptionwas fairly accurate. No others have bccn recorded. 21. Gallinago delicata. WILSON'S SNirE.--Abundant for a few weeksduring October and November. They becomemuch lessabundant in December but somebirds remain all winter while greater numbers pass on southward. The earliest record is October 7, 1911 and the last January 7, 1912. 22. Pisobia maculata. PECTORAL SANDPIPFR.--This bird is abun- dant in the grassymarshes about Mindi for a short period. Dates October 7 to 22, 1911. 23. Pisobia minutilla. LEAST SANDrirER.--These dainty little birds arc perhapsthe most abundantsandpiper in Panama, except Actiris macularia. One was taken at Toro Point on September 4, 1911, and again on August 23, 1912. Last one seenin spring at Gatfin, February 18. A large flock spentthe entire winter in the hydraulicfill of Gatfin Dam. 24. Ereunetes pusillus. SE•I-rAL•AqmD SANDr•rER.--Found spar- ingly with the precedingspecies. September4, 1911, to February 22, 1912, are extreme dates for the season. 25. Totanus fiavipes. LESSERYELLOW-LEGS.-- A singlespecimen of this specieswas taken at Gatfin on August 27, 1911. The next record is October 7, but after that date, it was abundant for some four weeks. November 30 is the last record until March 3, 1912, when one individual was seen. 26. Helodromas solitarius solitarius. SOLITARY SANDrIrER. An abundant visitor. September 9, 1911, and September 1, 1912, arc fall dates. The last bird was seenFebruary 25, 1912. 27. Bartramia longicauda. UrLAND PLOVER.-- This speciesarrived in Gatfin, September12, 1911• and wasnot rare until December8, when the last bird was seen. In 1912, the first bird was seenon September1. For weeks they were in, and around, Gatfin daily, feeding and even roosting at the very doorsof the quarters.