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The Politics of Security in Ninewa: Preventing an ISIS Resurgence in Northern Iraq
The Politics of Security in Ninewa: Preventing an ISIS Resurgence in Northern Iraq Julie Ahn—Maeve Campbell—Pete Knoetgen Client: Office of Iraq Affairs, U.S. Department of State Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Advisor: Meghan O’Sullivan Policy Analysis Exercise Seminar Leader: Matthew Bunn May 7, 2018 This Policy Analysis Exercise reflects the views of the authors and should not be viewed as representing the views of the US Government, nor those of Harvard University or any of its faculty. Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to the many people who helped us throughout the development, research, and drafting of this report. Our field work in Iraq would not have been possible without the help of Sherzad Khidhir. His willingness to connect us with in-country stakeholders significantly contributed to the breadth of our interviews. Those interviews were made possible by our fantastic translators, Lezan, Ehsan, and Younis, who ensured that we could capture critical information and the nuance of discussions. We also greatly appreciated the willingness of U.S. State Department officials, the soldiers of Operation Inherent Resolve, and our many other interview participants to provide us with their time and insights. Thanks to their assistance, we were able to gain a better grasp of this immensely complex topic. Throughout our research, we benefitted from consultations with numerous Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) faculty, as well as with individuals from the larger Harvard community. We would especially like to thank Harvard Business School Professor Kristin Fabbe and Razzaq al-Saiedi from the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative who both provided critical support to our project. -
Camps Location - As of 18 February 2018
For Humanitarian Purposes Only IRAQ Production date : 18 February 2018 Camps Location - As of 18 February 2018 R I Shikhan Essian Ain Sifne TURKEY Telafar Sheikhan Darkar Zakho Garmawa Mamrashan Chamishku Bersive II Nargizlia Piran (new) Akre 1 + 2 Zakho Bersive I Dahuk Zelikan New Qaymawa (former Rwanga Amedi Piran Zelikan) Community (Nargizlia 3) Bajed Kandala Dahuk Tilkaif Bardarash Sumel Amedi Erbil Sumel Kabarto Akre Mergasur Hamdaniya II Dahuk Hasansham M2 Kabarto I Shariya Bartella Khanke Shikhan Soran Telafar Akre Mergasur Mosul Hasansham U3 Gawilan Domiz I+II Akre Lower Ain Sifne Khazer M1 Mamilian Soran Choman Hamdaniya Hasansham U2 Amalla Chamakor Tilkaif As Salamiyah Choman Mosul Hamam 1 -3 Tilkaif Shaqlawa Basirma Al Alil 1 As Salamiyah Darashakran - 2 Nimrud Telafar Hamdaniya Erbil Sinjar Sinjar Mosul Kawergosk Shaqlawa Rania Baharka Hamdaniya Pshdar Harshm Ranya Ankawa 2 Erbil Ninewa Qalat Dizah Mosul Koysinjaq Erbil Dokan Ba'aj Qushtapa Koisnjaq Debaga 1 Debaga 3 Dokan Debaga 2 Debaga Stadium Qayyarah-Jad'ah Makhmur 1-6 Surdesh Sharbazher Ba'aj Haj Ali Penjwin Qayyarah-Airstrip Dabes Kirkuk Sulaymaniyah Chwarta Penjwin Makhmur Sulaymaniyah Hatra Basateen Al Dabes Barzinja Sheuokh Kirkuk Shirqat Chamchamal Hatra Laylan 2 Arbat IDP Ashti IDP Shirqat Laylan Nazrawa IDP Arbat Hawiga Yahyawa Sulaymaniyah Halabja Laylan 3 Refugee Dukaro Daquq Chamchamal Kirkuk Halabja Daquq Darbandikhan Hawiga Darbandikhan Daquq Baiji Hajjaj Camp Baiji Al Alam 1, 2, 3 Kalar Al Sh'hamah Tooz Tal al-Seebat Salah Adhamia Al Safyh Ru'ua Tazade al-Din -
Abstract Title of Dissertation: NEGOTIATING the PLACE OF
Abstract Title of Dissertation: NEGOTIATING THE PLACE OF ASSYRIANS IN MODERN IRAQ, 1960–1988 Alda Benjamen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation Directed by: Professor Peter Wien Department of History This dissertation deals with the social, intellectual, cultural, and political history of the Assyrians under changing regimes from the 1960s to the 1980s. It examines the place of Assyrians in relation to a state that was increasing in strength and influence, and locates their interactions within socio-political movements that were generally associated with the Iraqi opposition. It analyzes the ways in which Assyrians contextualized themselves in their society and negotiated for social, cultural, and political rights both from the state and from the movements with which they were affiliated. Assyrians began migrating to urban Iraqi centers in the second half of the twentieth century, and in the process became more integrated into their societies. But their native towns and villages in northern Iraq continued to occupy an important place in their communal identity, while interactions between rural and urban Assyrians were ongoing. Although substantially integrated in Iraqi society, Assyrians continued to retain aspects of the transnational character of their community. Transnational interactions between Iraqi Assyrians and Assyrians in neighboring countries and the diaspora are therefore another important phenomenon examined in this dissertation. Finally, the role of Assyrian women in these movements, and their portrayal by intellectuals, -
Assyrian Aid Society of Iraq and the Assyrian Women Union
سيعةا اةوريت دعودرنا عريق امجلعيــة الآشوريــــة اخلرييــــة - العراق “Organization in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council since 2011” Annual Report 2014 Prepared By: Christina K. Patto Eramia S. Eskrya Index: • President’s Column • Aids and Humanitarian Affairs • Medical Aids • Civil Society Organizations • Assyrian Education • Dormitories and Universities • Construction and Projects • Visits & Activities • Supporters • Conclusion President’s Column The year 2014 had witnessed a re- genocide of indigenous people for different regions in Iraq, especially in Nineveh province, where our people (the Assyrian Christians) have faced an organized terror in Mosul and Nineveh plain by the terrorists of the criminal groups of ISIS, in which more than 200,000 (Two hundred thousands) individuals were displaced from their historic lands in Mosul and Nineveh Plain successively as from June 10, 2014 until August 7, 2014. Along with thousands of Yazidis, Shabak, Turkmen and others Iraqis. Since the first moments of displacement process and ethnic cleansing organized by the terrorists ISIS, our Society began a wide campaign to relief, shelter and care for the internally displaced people from Nineveh Plain, through implementing various relief programs organized by our Society by the efforts and support from the Diaspora and many organizations and institutions of humanitarian. Our Society has been able to provide thousands of ration and providing shelter for many families, as well as providing of necessary supplies for hundreds of families in different areas of province of Dohuk, Erbil, as well as in Sulaymaniyah, Kirkuk and Baghdad. In spite of the difficult conditions experienced by our people and still, AAS has continued to conduct its work in supporting the Assyrian Education Process in Dohuk and Erbil through bearing lecturers wages and transport fees for some of them. -
Post-Conflict Assessment Minority Communities in Ninewa
Post-Conflict Assessment Minority Communities in Ninewa FEBRUARY 2019 – ONE YEAR LATER KEY INSIGHTS • The majority of returnees from Ninewa Plains are satisfied they have returned. • The majority of returnees from Sinjar are determined to stay. • Post-conflict recovery in Sinjar remains significantly behind that of the Ninewa Plains. ORDER OF NEEDS NINEWA SINJAR 1. Economic opportunity 1. Security 2. Shelter 2. Shelter 3. Security 3. Economic opportunity Executive Summary Ninewa Governorate, Iraq Purpose of the Assessment In Iraq, the situation for returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), particularly among minority communities, continues to evolve in areas of origin and displacement. In order to better understand the successes and continued challenges faced by minority communities, Samaritan’s Purse (SP) conducted a follow-on assessment of communities surveyed in SP’s 2018 “Post-Conflict Assessment: Minority Communities in Ninewa.” Conducted one year after the previous assessment, this current assessment highlights changes in the perceptions and needs of minority communities in both the Ninewa Plains and the Sinjar District. Assessment Components The assessment includes a triangulation of methods, both quantitative and qualitative, that captures the broad experience and nuanced decision-making processes of the targeted populations. From December 2018 to January 2019, SP conducted more than “I hope that life will be better 2,200 phone surveys with IDPs and returnee households (HHs) tomorrow and the days following. I from Ninewa Governorate (representing more than 25,000 HHs). Additionally, 19 focus-group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in am optimistic that the security will areas of displacement and origin, and more than 30 key-informant stabilize and improve and I want interviews (KIIs) were conducted. -
IDP Temporary Settlements and Populations - Kurdistan CCCM - IRAQ IMU 26 Apr 2017
IRAQ: Operational context map - IDP Temporary Settlements and Populations - Kurdistan CCCM - IRAQ IMU 26 Apr 2017 TURKEY Dahuk Erbil Ninewa Sulaymaniyah Zakho Derkar Chamishku Darkar Kirkuk Berseve 1 Batifa Zakho Berseve 2 Salah al-Din Dawadia Bajet Rwanga Amadiya Diyala Kandala Community DOHUK Amedi Sheladize Baghdad Mergasur Anbar SYRIAN ARAB Wassit REPUBLIC KerbalaBabylon Dahuk Soran Barzan Qadissiya Missan Sumel Sumel Dahuk Najaf Thi-Qar Mergasur Shariya Khanke Kabarto 1 Muthanna Basrah Kabarto 2 Akre Essian Akre Shikhan Qasrok Shikhan Mamilian Sheikhan Mamrashan Amalla Zumar Garmawa Soran Choman Telafar Nargizlia 1 Rovia Choman Nargizlia 2 Rawanduz Zelikan ISLAMIC Tilkaif (new) REPUBLIC Harir OF IRAN Qaymawa Bardarash Tilkaif (Zelikan) Bardarash Shaqlawa Bashiqah Pirmam Shaqlawa (Masif) Bartella Baretle Kawrgosk Mosul Hasansham M2 Hamdaniya Hasansham U2 Bahirka Khazer M1 Hasansham U3 Baharka Hiran Rania Hamdaniya Khushan Pshdar Harshm Rania Sinjar Bakhdida Chamakor Aynkawah Hajyawa Chwarqurna Qalat Ankawa 2 Erbil Hamam diza Hamam Al Al Alil Mosul As Salamyiah 1 Binaslawa Alil 1 Kuna Hamam Al As Salamyiah 2 Mamyzawa Gork Alil 2 Erbil Koisnjaq ERBIL Koisnjaq NINAWA Mousil Dokan governorate Dokan camp IRAQ Mawat Debaga 1 Debaga 2 Surdesh Ba'aj Debaga Qayyarah Al Qaiyara Stadium Airstrip Hamdaniyah Makhmur Haj Ali Sharbazher Qayyarah-Jad'ah Chwarta Garmik Penjwin Dabes Dabes Penjwin Bazyan Hatra As Sulaymaniyah Barzinja Chamchamal Shirqat Barzinja Sulaymaniya Basateen Akre Kirkuk Arbat Hatra Al Sheuokh Baharka Kirkuk Hamdaniya IDP Arbat -
COI QUERY Disclaimer
COI QUERY Country of Origin/Topic Iraq Question(s) What is the security context and treatment of Christians in Iraq? 1. Background 1.1. Post-ISIL security context of Christian community - Targeted destruction of infrastructure and habitat - Targeting of Christians by armed actors 1.2. Ninewa governorate and ability to secure law and order - Governance, education and practice of Christianity in Iraq 1.3. Missing, IDPs and returnees Date of completion 22 October 2020 Query Code Q 21 Contributing EU+ COI This query response was sent to the EASO COI Specialists Network units (if applicable) on Iraq1 for contributions on the security context and treatment of Yazidis. No information was contributed by EU+ countries, but feedback was received from the Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo). Disclaimer This response to a COI query has been elaborated according to the Common EU Guidelines for Processing COI and EASO COI Report Methodology. The information provided in this response has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in the response does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever. -
El-Qosh (Alqosh), Yimma D' Athor (The Mother of Assyria) by Fred Aprim August 22, 2004 Location Alqosh Is Located 45 Kilometers
El-Qosh (Alqosh), Yimma d' Athor (The Mother of Assyria) By Fred Aprim August 22, 2004 Location Alqosh is located 45 Kilometers (28 miles) north of Nineveh (Mosul). It lies at the foot of Alqosh Mountain or the Beth 'Aidhre or Ba'aidhre Mountain. Alqosh is part of the district of Tel Kepe (Telkaif); however, it was previously part of the district of al-Shikhan. This Alqosh should not be confused with another town in Israel by this same exact name. Population The population of Alqosh has varied depending on the sources and period. Iraqi official census figures meanwhile could not be trusted, since Iraqi governments manipulated the census, especially when it came to the Assyrian Christian population. The population figures from the nineteenth century up to modern times ranges from some 2,500 to 20,180. Hurmiz Aboona states that in 1850 there were 250 families in Alqosh. In 1867 – 1868, Patriarch Joseph Audo visited his congregation in north of Iraq and stated that Alqosh in 1868 had 2,477 persons. Scholar Joseph Shikho visited Alqosh in 1895 and stated that its population was 5,000. In 1913, Fr. Joseph Tifankji wrote that Alqosh population at the turn of the twentieth century was 7,000. In 1937, Fr. Estefan Kajo (later bishop) conducted a census of the town and recorded the population at 8,475. In 1950, Fr. Raphael Bidawid (later patriarch) conducted another census at the request of Bishop Estefan Kajo and reported the population at 9,500. In 1961, scholar Giwargis 'Awwad put the population at 7,000. -
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1 Press Release Field visits to villages of Al-Gosh (Telkif district) Under the project Support to agricultural livelihoods of rural and peri-urban returnees and communities in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq Baghdad, 25 April 2021 - FAO Representative in Iraq, Dr. Salah Hajj Hassan, and the FAO expert, Dr. Chedly Kayouli, accompanied by the Director of Nineveh Agriculture, Dr. Duraid Hikmat 2 Tobiya, have undertaken field visits on Thursday 22 April 2021 to villages in Al-Qosh sub-district, to meet some of the beneficiaries of the FAO-EU funded project “Support to agricultural livelihoods of rural and peri-urban returnees and communities in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.” In the morning, the mission met with a cattle dairy producer "Ashur Yoel Khio"in the village of Berozawa. He received green fodder seeds (ryegrass) while his mother is processing and marketing traditional dairy products such as butter, yoghurt and varieties of cheese. The family pointed out that lactating cows fed with green fodder are producing more milk with higher fat content. Then, the FAO mission visited farmer "Khallat Kret Ramo" from Sheikhka complex, who is also benefiting from the cultivation of green fodder, and his wife and daughters are processing and marketing traditional dairy products (cheese and yoghurt). The attendees visited the farmer’s ryegrass field and discussed how the farmer is benefiting from it. The farmer "Khallat Kret Ramo" presented the different steps of cultivating the forage from receiving seeds until its cutting and benefits of distribution ryegrass to sheep with increased quantity and quality of milk. The FAO Representative in Iraq, Dr. -
And Security-Building Measures in the Nineveh Plains by Michael Knights, Yousif Kalian
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 2832 Confidence- and Security-Building Measures in the Nineveh Plains by Michael Knights, Yousif Kalian Jul 14, 2017 Also available in Arabic ABOUT THE AUTHORS Michael Knights Michael Knights is the Boston-based Jill and Jay Bernstein Fellow of The Washington Institute, specializing in the military and security affairs of Iraq, Iran, and the Persian Gulf states. Yousif Kalian Yousif Kalian is a research assistant in the Arab Politics Program at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Brief Analysis In the aftermath of Mosul's liberation, the adjacent Nineveh Plains could be a cockpit for new ethno-sectarian conflict or a test case of cooperative security arrangements, with the anti-IS coalition having strong incentives to ensure the latter. he battle to liberate Mosul from the Islamic State began in the Nineveh Plains, the belt of multiethnic and T cross-sectarian farming villages spread across the northeastern approaches to the city. This was the direction from which Iraq's security forces and the U.S.-backed coalition began their liberation of the city in October 2016. Nineveh Plains areas such as Qaraqosh, Tal Asqaf, Tal Kayf, Bashiqa, and Bartella were under Islamic State (IS) control for twenty-seven months, almost as long as Mosul itself. Now, seven months after its liberation, the Nineveh Plains is still largely depopulated and is divided between Iraqi government and Kurdish forces, along with their proxy militias from the local Christian and Shabak communities. The area desperately needs the U.S.-led coalition to help develop confidence- and security-building measures that can reduce the risk for clashes between the forces, improve security coordination, support reconstruction, and thus pave the way for repatriation of internally displaced persons from camps in the Kurdistan Region. -
Chaldean Australian Society Inc
Chaldean Australian Society-Submission-2016 UNHCR-NGO CONSULTATIONS–April 2016 Chaldean Australian Society Inc. Chaldean Australian Society Submission to 2016 UNHCR-NGO Consultations April 2016 Chaldean Australian Society Incorporated 6/25 Barbara Street, Fairfield NSW 2165 PO Box: 961 Fairfield NSW 1860 Phone: (02) 9728 4170 Fax: (02) 9728 1540 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.chaldeanauss.org.au Page 1 of 3 Chaldean Australian Society-Submission-2016 UNHCR-NGO CONSULTATIONS–April 2016 About the Chaldean Australian Society (CAS) The Chaldean Australian Society (CAS) is a community-based and not-for-profit organisation established in 1993 to serve the Chaldean community in NSW. CAS addresses the settlement needs to the increasing numbers of Chaldeans arriving to Australia under humanitarian entry and family reunion and the majority of them settle in Fairfield, Liverpool, Mount Druitt and South Western Sydney areas. CAS maintains the Chaldean culture and at the same time assists the engagement of Chaldeans with the Australian society. CAS provides advocacy, information and referral, settlement- related advice, community development programs, and social activities. For more information about CAS, visit our website: www.chaldeanauss.org.au Chaldean Australian Society serves and supports Chaldean people in Sydney and there are many concerns from our Chaldean members to the situation of their families, relatives and friends in Iraq and in the neighbouring countries (Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Syria). About the Chaldeans The Chaldeans are the indigenous people of Iraq who speak the Chaldean language, a form of Aramaic, in addition to Arabic, the official language in Iraq. -
Between Two Caesars: the Christians
ESSAY BETWEEN TWO CAESARS: THE CHRISTIANS OF NORTHERN IRAQ ROGer Petersen & MattHew CanCian eligious and ethnic minorities live a precarious existence during Rcivil wars. In a war between the incumbent state and an insurgent challenger, minority group leaders may pick one side over the other. However, if they choose the loser they will be open to charges of collaboration and become vulnerable targets of vengeance. On the other hand, if the minority chooses to stay out of the fight altogether, the failure to mobilize may itself leave them defenseless. Moreover, some civil wars and insurgencies are more complicated than others. Multiple actors fighting or competing for control of the state make things even more complicated, especially if minority groups themselves fragment into multiple factions. In our brief account here, we 1.5 million Christians lived century, their numbers be- will describe the formation in Iraq, including many came miniscule. and fragmentation of self-de- Assyrians in northern Iraq fense forces (militias) within around Mosul. By the time During several visits to the the Christian population of ISIS swept through north- region, we’ve tried to learn the Nineveh Plains. We will ern Iraq in 2014, that figure more about the Christians trace the development of their may have fallen to roughly of Iraq, particularly in the post-2003 self-defense force, 400,000. If significant num- area of the Nineveh Plains. the crisis of the Islamic State bers do not return, the Iraq In the fall of 2014, the senior of Iraq and Syria’s (ISIS) at- War and its aftermath could author—Petersen—conducted tack, and the current frac- lead to a near elimination a focus group session with 15- tured state of Christian forces of a religious minority with 20 Christian refugees from in the area.