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Non-Native Freshwater Fish Management in Biosphere Reserves

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Non-Native Freshwater Fish Management in Biosphere Reserves ISSN 1989‐8649 Manag. Biolog. Invasions, 2010, 1 Abstract Non‐Native freshwater fish management in Biosphere Reserves The consideration of non‐native freshwater fish species in the Andrea PINO‐DEL‐CARPIO*, Rafael MIRANDA & Jordi PUIG management plans of 18 Biosphere Reserves is evaluated. Additionally, impacts caused by introduced freshwater fish species are described. Introduction, Hypotheses and Reserves was created in 1974 and it Some measures to alleviate the Problems for Management is defined in the Statutory ecological effects of fish species Framework of the World network as introductions are proposed, while Biodiversity, the variety of life on “areas of terrestrial and coastal/ paying attention to local development Earth, is disappearing at an marine ecosystems, or a as well. The introduction of non‐native combination thereof, which are species may have negative conse‐ increasing and unprecedented rate quences for the ecosystems. The (Rockström et al. 2009). This internationally recognized within analysis of the management plans of situation contradicts the 2002 the framework of UNESCO the Reserves confirms that non‐native objective to achieve a significant Programme on Man and the freshwater fish species sometimes are reduction of the current rate of Biosphere (MaB)” (UNESCO 1996). not considered in the action plans of biodiversity loss by 2010 To what extent Biosphere Reserves the area. Biosphere Reserve’s (Convention on Biological Diversity fulfil the aim of biodiversity management plans should consider the 2002). One of the multiple initiatives conservation? In order to make a presence of alien species, with the aim adopted to promote biodiversity first inquiry in this issue, some to preserve biodiversity. conservation has been the creation Biosphere Reserve management of areas protected by national plans have been reviewed, focusing governments. These areas may have on freshwater fish species. Keywords different legal status, goals or land Biodiversity management, uses. Some of them can be The choice of this particular introductions, translocations, invasive considered worldwide natural areas set of species responds to the species, protected areas, ecological impacts of interest, such as World Natural hypothesis that some groups of Heritage sites, Ramsar sites, Special animals or plants might be Bio‐sketch Protection Areas (SPA), Important neglected in the management plans Bird Areas (IBAS) and Biosphere of Biosphere Reserves, whereas Andrea Pino‐Del‐Carpio is a PhD student Reserves. they should be properly dealt with developing their project about ecology because of their biological river management in Biosphere Biosphere Reserves were importance or their relevance as Reserves. Rafael Miranda works in river created with the aim of reconciling indicators of environmental quality. management and biology of freshwater the conservation of biodiversity, the This might be the case of freshwater fishes. Jordi Puig develops his activity in fishes, the most threatened group of the Landscape Planning and Fragmen‐ social and economic development tation, and Environmental Impact and the maintenance of cultural vertebrates after amphibians; unless Assessments. values in an area, which means to they are protected, 20% may attain a sustainable use of become extinct in the next 25‐50 resources. The concept of Biosphere years (Saunders et al. 2002). 13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2010.1.1.04 Pino‐del‐Carpio et al. 2010. Manag. Biolog. Invasions, 1: 13‐33 A. Pino‐del‐Carpio et al. Managing Fishes Invasions in Biosphere Reserves According to recent Methods Resumen researches, one of the major threats for native freshwater fishes, after We have studied the management En este trabajo se evalúa la habitat destruction, is the plans of 18 Biosphere Reserves, consideración de los peces introduction of non‐native species including three European Reserves – dulceacuícolas alóctonos en los planes (Cambray 2003, Canonico et al. where freshwater fish knowledge is de gestión de 18 Reservas de Biosfera. 2005). Are the occurrence and wide and more or less complete Además, se describen los impactos management of these non‐native (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007)– six causados por los peces dulceacuícolas species properly considered in the North, three Central and three introducidos. Se proponen algunas Biosphere Reserves management South American Reserves; one from medidas para aliviar los efectos plans? Australia and one from Asia, ecológicos de la introducción de peces, a la vez que se tiene en cuenta el showing different levels of available desarrollo local. La introducción de The aim of this paper is to data on freshwater fishes (Appendix especies exóticas puede tener evaluate the consideration of non‐ 1). Biosphere reserves were selected consecuencias negativas en los ecosis‐ native freshwater fish species in the according to non‐native freshwater temas. El análisis de los planes de management plans of 18 selected fish presence, published freshwater gestión de las Reservas confirma que los Biosphere Reserves. We evaluate fish researches and management peces de agua dulce muchas veces no whether these plans propose plans availability. son considerados en los planes de specific actions to deal with non‐ acción del área. Lo planes de gestión de native freshwater fish species. The The reviews of the las Reservas de la Biosfera deberían existing information on these management plans and the considerar la presencia de especies species taken from the management published researches provided the exóticas, con el objetivo de plans has been complemented with raw data regarding the presence of salvaguardar la biodiversidad. inquiries across existing bibliography non‐native freshwater fish species. on the selected Biosphere Reserves Some of the management plans Palabras clave under examination. were available online; others were Gestión de la biodiversidad, introducciones, requested to environmental translocaciones, especies invasoras, áreas Complementarily, we describe authorities. At the same time, a protegidas, impactos ecológicos some of the impacts caused by bibliographic review of studies on introduced freshwater fish species. native freshwater fishes within Finally, we propose some measures these Biosphere Reserves and the to alleviate the ecological effects of impact of the non‐native species on fish species introductions, while them was carried out. paying attention to local development as well. ISI web of knowledge (Thomson Scientific 2009) and For the purposes of this Google Scholar databases were used assessment the definition of non to conduct the bibliographic review. native species does not imply or Management plans and biblio‐ require that the species is harmful in graphic data were confronted to any sense. obtain a complete list of non‐native Pino‐del‐Carpio, A., Miranda, R. & Puig, J. 2010. Manag. Biolog. Invasions, 1: 13‐33 14 ISSN 1989‐8649 Manag. Biolog. Invasions, 2010, 1 species. Taxonomic review of Specifically, Cinturón Andino scientific names was validated Eight of the 14 biosphere Biosphere Reserve names two laws according to the W. N. Eschmeyer’s Reserves that had some kind of in the management plan. Only nine Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer 2010) management plan (either for some of the 14 reviewed management and the common names are used of the parks contained within, or for plans, recorded the presence of non according to Nelson et al. (2004), the whole Biosphere Reserve) ‐native freshwater fish species (Fig. Kottelat & Freyhof (2007), and included indications on as how to 1a). Leunda et al. (2009). Lowe et al. manage freshwater fishes. Five of (2000) list was used to inspect the them had specific actions plans for Taking into account the percentage of alien species with a non‐native fish species, while six of management plans and the strongest invasive character at a them recognize the threat that non‐ bibliographic review, we found a global scale. native species represent. Nine of the total of 33 introduced and 18 14 biosphere Reserves explicitly translocated freshwater fish species The management plans and have rules that prohibit the for the 18 Biosphere Reserves. bibliographic taxonomic data were introduction of non‐native species. Oncorhynchus mykiss, Cyprinus confronted with the aim of detecting differences among them. spp. cited KSZ AQC SPF spp. in MP Specific freshwater fish measures FAC NIL ORN foreseen in management plans were ANG DDE OTR analysed in the light of scientific LMH information extracted from the CAM bibliographical review. ANP CDH Results BÑE CIA Due to the large amount of information managed, results and LAM discussion will be centred about the RSJ most important findings. Complete MAY results are detailed in Appendix 1. SOC LTX Only eight of the 18 Biosphere GCC Reserves had a specific manage‐ MAZ ment plan. Of the remaining 10 BDM a) b) Reserves, six had management plans UMB for the protected areas contained 20 15 10 5 5101520 within them, and four did not even have any plan. The government of Fig. 1. a) number of cited species in the management plans (MP) and in the literature for the studied Biosphere Reserves; b) introduction routes Chile informed us that the manage‐ (percentage). AQC: aquaculture, SPF: sport fishing, FAC: food and commerce, ment plan for their particular ORN: ornamental, ANG: angling, OTR: other reasons. Abbreviations of Biosphere Reserve was in progress. Biosphere Reserves names corresponds to Appendix 1. 15 Pino‐del‐Carpio, A., Miranda, R. & Puig, J. 2010. Manag. Biolog.
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