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Cruise Shipping and Urban Development the Case of Venice

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Cruise Shipping and Urban Development the Case of Venice Cruise Shipping and Urban Development The Case of Venice The city of Venice (Italy) is a major cruise destination. Cruise shipping brings in passengers and their money, but also air pollution, visual impacts and concerns about the lagoon. So does the city ultimately benefi t from this form of maritime tourism, and is the cruise shipping boom Venice has experienced sustainable? This report aims to bring more clarity to these controversial issues by assessing the various impacts cruise shipping has had in Venice. It analyses policies in place and provides recommendations on how to increase the net benefi ts from cruise shipping to Venice. This report is part of the International Transport Forum’s Case-Specifi c Policy Analysis series. These are topical studies on specifi c issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. Cruise Shipping and Urban Development The Case of Venice Case-Specific Policy Analysis International Transport Forum 2 rue André Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France T +33 (0)1 45 24 97 10 F +33 (0)1 45 24 13 22 Email : [email protected] Web: www.itf-oecd.org Potapova/stock.adobe.com /Photo credit: Valerie 2016-06 2016-06-30_ID023_CSPA Venice.indd 1-2 30/06/2016 16:22:50 Cruise Shipping and Urban Development The Case of Venice Case-Specific Policy Analysis The International Transport Forum The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with 57 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers. ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes. The ITF is politically autonomous and administratively integrated with the OECD. The ITF works for transport policies that improve peoples’ lives. Our mission is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of transport in economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion and to raise the public profile of transport policy. The ITF organises global dialogue for better transport. We act as a platform for discussion and pre- negotiation of policy issues across all transport modes. We analyse trends, share knowledge and promote exchange among transport decision-makers and civil society. The ITF’s Annual Summit is the world’s largest gathering of transport ministers and the leading global platform for dialogue on transport policy. The Members of the ITF are: Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States. International Transport Forum 2, rue André Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 [email protected] www.itf-oecd.org Case-Specific Policy Analysis Reports The International Transport Forum’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series presents topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the International Transport Forum. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of International Transport Forum member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 3 Acknowledgements This report forms part of an ITF project on Cruise Shipping and Urban Development, directed by Olaf Merk. It was written by Olaf Merk and Bénédicte Busquet. The report was made possible through a voluntary contribution by the Venice Port Authority and Venice Passenger Terminal. Valuable comments on a draft version of the report were provided by Stephen Perkins, Alain Lumbroso, Liv Gudmundson and Michael Kloth of the ITF. Stefanidaki Evaggelia, Researcher at the University of the Aegean, acted as Peer Reviewer during a study visit to Venice. During this study visit, interviews were conducted with the following stakeholders: Paolo Costa (Venice Port Authority), Nicola Torricella (Venice Port Authority), Claudia Marcolin (Venice Port Authority), Stefano Bonaldo (Venice Port Authority), Alberto Maria Pietrocola (Capitaneria Di Porto de Venezia), Massimo Maiolo (Capitaneria Di Porto de Venezia), Francesco Galietti (CLIA Italy), Salvatore Patti (ARPAV), Federica Montaguti (CISET), Stefano Soriani (Ca’Foscari), Carlo Magnani (Università IUAV di Venezia), Agostino Cappelli (Università IUAV di Venezia), Silvio Testa (Comitato No Grandi Navi), Lidia Fersuoch (Italia Nostra), Luciano Mazzolin (Associazione Ambiente Venezia), Andreina Zitelli (Grupo di Studio Venezia Laguna Porto), Cristiano Chiarot (Gran Teatro La Fenice), Massimo Fioresi (CNA VE), Francesco Mattiazzo (Confesercenti), Filippo Olivetti (Confindustria Venezia), Luigino Rossi (Comitato Italiano per la Salvaguardia di Venezia), Fabio Sacco (Alilaguna), Vicenzo Monaco (Vela), Fabio Gava (SAVE), Davide Calderan (Comitato Cruise Venice), Alessandro Santi (Associazione Agenti Raccomandatari e Mediatori Marittimi del Veneto), Marco Agostini (Comune di Venezia), Roberto Perrochio (Venezia Terminal Passeggeri). CRUISE SHIPPING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF VENICE— © OECD/ITF 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 5 Table of contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Venice as a cruise port .................................................................................................................................. 9 Cruise port characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 9 Attractiveness of Venice as a cruise port ................................................................................................... 18 Impacts of cruise shipping on the port and city ........................................................................................ 21 Economic impacts: Higher than the European average ............................................................................. 21 Environmental impacts: Emissions and waves .......................................................................................... 22 Traffic impacts: Fairly moderate effects .................................................................................................... 26 When do impacts occur? ............................................................................................................................ 28 Policies .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Determining the place for cruise shipping in Venice ................................................................................. 31 Tourism and cruise tourism policies in Venice .......................................................................................... 39 Green port policies ..................................................................................................................................... 39 References .................................................................................................................................................... 43 CRUISE SHIPPING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF VENICE— © OECD/ITF 2016 6 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary What we did This study aims to assess the impacts of cruise shipping on urban development in the case of the city of Venice, Italy. It was carried out as part of a programme on Cruise Shipping and Urban Development at the International Transport Forum (ITF) at the OECD and benefits from a study visit to Venice and a series of interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders. What we found Venice is one of the world’s success stories with respect to cruise shipping. It is the third largest cruise port in Europe, with 1.7 million cruise passengers in 2014, and Europe’s largest home port, thanks to a very large share (around 90%) of turnaround passengers. The number of cruise passengers is very limited in comparison to the total amount of tourists to Venice: 34 million in 2014 for the province of Venice, which is more than all tourists to the whole of Germany. Venice benefits from unique assets as a destination, first-rate dedicated cruise terminals located in the historical city and great external as well as internal connectivity, via Venice international airport and various urban transport modes. Although passenger numbers have stagnated in recent years, this stagnation is less pronounced than in most other Mediterranean cruise ports, although set to become more substantial due to the uncertainty created by a cruise ship ban in Venice. Cruise shipping generates large economic benefits for the city of Venice. These come in the form of spending of passengers, crew and cruise ships. Passenger spending includes hotels, restaurants, excursions and shopping; crew spending mainly comprises shopping,
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