The University of Chicago the History of Idolatry and The
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ancient Tollan: the Sacred Precinct
100 RES 38 AUTUMN 2000 Figure 12. Upper section of Pillar 3: Personage with attributes of Tezcatlipoca. Photograph: Humberto Hiera. Ancient Toi Ian The sacred precinct ALBAGUADALUPE MASTACHE and ROBERTH. COBEAN Tula, along with Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan, was to level the area for the plaza and to construct platforms one most of the important cities inMexico's Central that functioned as bases for buildings. Highlands. During Tula's apogee between a.d. 900-1150, It is evident that at Tula the placement of the area the city covered nearly 16 square kilometers. Its of monumental center is strategic, not only because it over an influence extended much of Central Mexico along occupies easily defended place but also because of its with other regions of Mesoamerica, including areas of central setting at a dominant point that had great visual the Baj?o, the Huasteca, the Gulf Coast, the Yucatan impact, being visible to inhabitants in every part of the city peninsula, and such distant places as the Soconusco, on and within view of many rural sites. Lefebvre observes that the Pacific Coast of Chiapas and Guatemala, and El a city's habitational zone ismade on a human scale, a Salvador. From cultural and ethnic perspective, Tula whereas the monumental zone has a superhuman scale, a constituted synthesis of principally two different which goes beyond human beings?overwhelming them, traditions: the preceding urban culture from Teotihuacan dazzling them. The monumental buildings' scale is the in the Basin of Mexico, and another tradition from the scale of divinity, of a divine ruler, of abstract institutions northern Mesoamerican periphery, especially the Baj?o that dominate human society (Lefebvre 1982:84). -
The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
Glyphs! Data Communication for Primary Mathematicians. REPORT NO ISBN-1-56417-663-0 PUB DATE 97 NOTE 68P
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 401 134 SE 059 203 AUTHOR O'Connell, Susan R. TITLE Glyphs! Data Communication for Primary Mathematicians. REPORT NO ISBN-1-56417-663-0 PUB DATE 97 NOTE 68p. AVAILABLE FROM Good Apple, 299 Jefferson Road, P.O. Box 480, Parsippany, NJ 07054-0480 (GA 1573). PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Communication Skills; *Data Analysis; *Data Interpretation; Elementary Education; Learning Activities; *Mathematics Instruction; Teaching Methods; Thinking Skills ABSTRACT Glyphs, a way of representing data pictorially, are a new way for elementary students to collect, display, and interpret data. This book contains a number of glyph activities that can be used as creative educational tools -for grades 1=-3. Each glyph_has three essential construction elements: the glyph survey (the questions that are asked), the glyph directions (tell what to draw based on the answers given), and the glyph pattern (a reproducible provided in this book or a shape that is hand drawn on a sheet of paper). Glyph activities begin with the collection of data followed by displaying the data by following a series of directions. Once glyphs are created they can be analyzed and interpreted' in many ways. In the process of exploring their glyphs students are provided' with opportunities to communicate their mathematical thinking both orally and in writing. Along with building data analysis and communication skills, glyphs also stimulate students' mathematical reasoning as they compare, contrast, and draw conclusions. (JRH). *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Kahk' Uti' Chan Yopat
Glyph Dwellers Report 57 September 2017 A New Teotiwa Lord of the South: K’ahk’ Uti’ Chan Yopat (578-628 C.E.) and the Renaissance of Copan Péter Bíró Independent Scholar Classic Maya inscriptions recorded political discourse commissioned by title-holding elite, typically rulers of a given city. The subject of the inscriptions was manifold, but most of them described various period- ending ceremonies connected to the passage of time. Within this general framework, statements contained information about the most culturally significant life-events of their commissioners. This information was organized according to discursive norms involving the application of literary devices such as parallel structures, difrasismos, ellipsis, etc. Each center had its own variations and preferences in applying such norms, which changed during the six centuries of Classic Maya civilization. Epigraphers have thus far rarely investigated Classic Maya political discourse in general and its regional-, site-, and period-specific features in particular. It is possible to posit very general variations, for example the presence or absence of secondary elite inscriptions, which makes the Western Maya region different from other areas of the Maya Lowlands (Bíró 2011). There are many other discursive differences not yet thoroughly investigated. It is still debated whether these regional (and according to some) temporal discursive differences related to social phenomena or whether they strictly express literary variation (see Zender 2004). The resolution of this question has several implications for historical solutions such as the collapse of Classic Maya civilization or the hypothesis of status rivalry, war, and the role of the secondary elite. There are indications of ruler-specific textual strategies when inscriptions are relatively uniform; that is, they contain the same information, and their organization is similar. -
And Where He Did
Vol. 2 No. 9 October 1992 $4.00 and where he did Volume 2 Number 9 I:URI:-KA STRI:-eT October 1992 A m agazine of public affairs, the arts and theology 21 CoNTENTS TOPGUN Michael McGirr reports on gun laws and the calls for capital punishment in the 4 Philippines. COMMENT In this year of elections we are only as good 22 as our choices, says Peter Steele. Andrew DON'T KISS ME, HARDY Hamilton looks at the Columbus quin James Griffin concludes his series on the centary, and decides that the past must be Wren-Evatt letters. owned as well as owned up to (pS). 6 25 ORIENTATIONS LETTERS Peter Pierce and Robin Gerster take their pens to Shanghai and Saigon; Emmanuel 7 Santos and Hwa Goh take their cameras to COMMISSIONS AND OMISSIONS Tianjin. ICAC chief Ian Temby Margaret Simons talks to Australia's top speaks for himself: p 7 crime-busters. 34 11 BOOKS AND ARTS Cover photo: A member of Was the oldest part of the Pentateuch CAPITAL LETTER the Tianjing city planning office written by a woman? Kevin Hart reviews in Jei Fang Bei Road, three books by Harold Bloom, who thinks the 'Wall Street' of Tianjin. 12 it was; Robert Murray sizes up Columbus BLINDED BY THE LIGHT and colonialism (p38 ). Cover photo and photos pp25, 29 and 30 Bruce Williams visits the Columbus light by Emmanuel Santos; house in Santo Domingo, and wonders who Photo p27 by Hwa Goh; will be enlightened. 40 Photos p12 by Belinda Bain; FLASH IN THE PAN Photo p41 by Bill Thomas; 15 Reviews of the films Patriot Games Cartoons pp6, 36 and 3 7 by Dean Moore; Zentropa, Edward II, and Deadly. -
OCTLI'- See Pulque. OFFERINGS
OFFERINGS 403 OCTLI'- See Pulque. vidual was buried together with the objects necessary for living in the afterlife; alternatively, it could be the vestiges of a dedicatory rite in which a new building was given OFFERINGS. Buried offerings are the material ex- essence by interring a sacrificial victim with various ce- pressions of rites of sacrifice, or oblation. They are the ramic vessels. tangible result of individual or collective acts of a sym- As a consequence of two centuries of archaeological in- bolic character that are repeated according to invariable vestigations throughout Mesoamerica, we now have an rules and that achieve effects that are, at least in part, of impressive corpus of buried offerings. This rich assort- an extra-empirical nature. In specific terms, offerings are ment often permits us to recognize the traditions of obla- donations made by the faithful with the purpose of estab- tion practiced in a city, a group of cities, a region, or an lishing a cornmunication and exchange with the super- area, in addition to the principal transformations that oc- natural. In this reciprocal process, the believer gives curred through four millennia of Mesoamerican history. something to adivine being in the hope of currying its The oldest buried offerings date to the Early Formative favor and obtaining a greater benefit in return. With of- period (2500-1200 BCE) and generally consist of anthro- ferings and sacrifices, one propitiates or "pays for" all pomorphic figurines and ceramic vessels deposited in the types of divine favors, including rain, plentiful harvests, construction fill of the village dwellings. -
The Finding and Founding of Mexico Tenochtitlan
THE FINDING AND FOUNDING OF MEXICO TENOCHTITLAN From the Crónica Mexicayotl, by Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc Translation and notes by Thelma D. Sullivan TRANSLATOR'S NOTE The Crónica Mexicayotl, written in 1609 by Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, a grandson of Moctezuma on his mother's side and a great grandson of Axayacati on his father's, is one of the great documents of Nahuatl lore. His account of the emergence of the Aztecs from Aztlan-Chicomortoc, their peregrinations and the vicissitudes of their fortune while being driven on by their god, Hnizilopochtli, until they finally reached Tenochtitlan is not only a mine of mythico-historical data but also a saga of true literary merit and heroic dimensions. In the translation I am offering here, which as far as I know is the first in English, I have selected and threaded together only those texts which, in my opinion, narrate the events that directly led the Aztecs to the finding of their promised land. I have not, in any way, altered the sequence of events as they appear in the text. A Spanish translation of the Crónica Mexicayotl by Adrián León was published by the UNAM in 1949. In the opinion of A. M. Garibay, León's translation ". no da al público en general la com- prensión exigida, ya no solamente para aprovechar el dato escueto para la historia, pero ni siquiera la recta inteligencia del texto:"* Nahuatl scholars who compare the two versions will discover some differences between mine and León's, and I believe that my translation will clarify a number of texts that have long puzzled them. -
Truhanería Y Sexualidad:" Techalotl" Entre Los Nahuas Prehispánicos
Agnieszka Brylak (Universidad de Varsovia) TRUHANERÍA Y SEXUALIDAD: TECHALOTL ENTRE LOS NAHUAS PREHISPÁNICOS Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio preliminar del dios prehispánico nahua llamado Techalotl. En la primera parte se identifi ca al avatar animal de esta deidad, que en las fuentes coloniales oscila entre ardilla, zorrillo y topo, y que al mismo tiempo comparte muchas de sus características con el tlacuache. El siguiente paso consiste en cotejar los escasos datos acerca de Techalotl provenientes de los documentos pictográfi cos y alfabéticos del centro de México para determinar el campo de acción de dicho dios. Se observa que este a nivel iconográfi co se parece a los “dioses cinco” o macuiltonaleque, lo que le vincula con el ámbito de bailes, cantos, espectáculos, burlas (de ahí su descripción como “dios de los truhanes”) y excesos. Este último aspecto se traduce, entre otros, en su relación con la sexualidad y la transgresión, que se puede percibir a partir del contexto festivo en el que aparece la fi gura del representante de esta deidad, así como en el simbolismo de ardilla entre los nahuas y, más ampliamente, en Mesoamérica, que perdura hasta el día de hoy en varias comunidades indígenas. Palabras clave: ardilla, sexualidad, espectáculo, deidad, nahuas, cosmovisión Title: Buff oonery and Sexuality: Techalotl among the Pre-Hispanic Nahuas Abstract: Th e aim of the present paper is to carry out a preliminary study of the Nahua pre- Hispanic god called Techalotl. Th e fi rst part focuses on the animal avatar of this deity, whose identifi cation in colonial sources ranges from squirrel to skunk and mole, and which, at the same time, shares many characteristics with the opossum. -
The Barroque Paradise of Santa María Tonantzintla (Part II1)
14 ETHNOLOGIA ACTUALIS Vol. 16, No. 2/2016 JULIO GLOCKNER The Barroque Paradise of Santa María Tonantzitla II The Barroque Paradise of Santa María Tonantzintla (Part II1) JULIO GLOCKNER Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla [email protected] ABSTRACT The baroque church of Santa María Tonantzintla is located in the Valley of Cholula in the Central Mexican Plateau and it was built during 16th-19th century. Its interior decoration shows an interesting symbolic fusion of Christian elements with Mesoamerican religious aspects of Nahua origin. Scholars of Mexican colonial art interpreted the Catholic iconography of Santa María Tonantzintla church as the Assumption of the Virgin Mary up to the celestial kingdom and her coronation by the holy Trinity. One of those scholars, Francisco de la Maza, proposed the idea that apart from that, the ornaments of the church evoke Tlalocan, paradise of the ancient deity of rain known as Tlaloc. Following this interpretation this study explores the relation between the Virgin Mary and the ancient Nahua deity of Earth and fertility called Tonatzin in order to show the profound syncretic bonds which exist between Christian and Mesoamerican traditions. KEY WORDS: syncretism, altepetl, Tlalocan, Tamoanchan, Ometeotl, Nahua culture, Tonantzintla 1 This text is a continuation of the article published in previous volume. In. Ethnologia actualis. Vol. 16, No. 1/2016, pp. 8-29. DOI: 10.1515/eas-2017-0002 © University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava. All rights reserved. 15 ETHNOLOGIA ACTUALIS Vol. 16, No. 2/2016 JULIO GLOCKNER The Barroque Paradise of Santa María Tonantzitla II The myth of the origin of corn From the rest of the plants cultivated traditionally in the area, corn stands out, a plant divinized during the pre-Hispanic era with the name Centeotl. -
Encounter with the Plumed Serpent
Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez ENCOUNTENCOUNTEERR withwith thethe Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica Preface Encounter WITH THE plumed serpent i Mesoamerican Worlds From the Olmecs to the Danzantes GENERAL EDITORS: DAVÍD CARRASCO AND EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Apotheosis of Janaab’ Pakal: Science, History, and Religion at Classic Maya Palenque, GERARDO ALDANA Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, NANCY GONLIN AND JON C. LOHSE, EDITORS Eating Landscape: Aztec and European Occupation of Tlalocan, PHILIP P. ARNOLD Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures, Revised Edition, ANTHONY AVENI Encounter with the Plumed Serpent: Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica, MAARTEN JANSEN AND GABINA AURORA PÉREZ JIMÉNEZ In the Realm of Nachan Kan: Postclassic Maya Archaeology at Laguna de On, Belize, MARILYN A. MASSON Life and Death in the Templo Mayor, EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Madrid Codex: New Approaches to Understanding an Ancient Maya Manuscript, GABRIELLE VAIL AND ANTHONY AVENI, EDITORS Mesoamerican Ritual Economy: Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives, E. CHRISTIAN WELLS AND KARLA L. DAVIS-SALAZAR, EDITORS Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, DAVÍD CARRASCO, LINDSAY JONES, AND SCOTT SESSIONS Mockeries and Metamorphoses of an Aztec God: Tezcatlipoca, “Lord of the Smoking Mirror,” GUILHEM OLIVIER, TRANSLATED BY MICHEL BESSON Rabinal Achi: A Fifteenth-Century Maya Dynastic Drama, ALAIN BRETON, EDITOR; TRANSLATED BY TERESA LAVENDER FAGAN AND ROBERT SCHNEIDER Representing Aztec Ritual: Performance, Text, and Image in the Work of Sahagún, ELOISE QUIÑONES KEBER, EDITOR The Social Experience of Childhood in Mesoamerica, TRACI ARDREN AND SCOTT R. HUTSON, EDITORS Stone Houses and Earth Lords: Maya Religion in the Cave Context, KEITH M. -
Cannibalism and Aztec Human Sacrifice Stephanie Zink May, 2008 a Senior Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Require
CANNIBALISM AND AZTEC HUMAN SACRIFICE STEPHANIE ZINK MAY, 2008 A SENIOR PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- LA CROSSE Abstract As the nature of Aztec cannibalism is poorly known, this paper examines the extent to which it was practiced and the motives behind it. Using the methodology of documentary research I have determined that the Aztecs did in fact engage in cannibalism, specifically ritual and gustatory cannibalism, however, the extent of it is indefinite. The analysis that I have conducted suggests that, while several hypotheses exist, there is only one that is backed by the evidence: Aztec cannibalism was practiced for religious reasons. In order to better understand this issue, other hypotheses must be examined. 2 Introduction Cannibalism is mostly considered a taboo in western culture, with the exception of sacraments in Christianity, which involve the symbolic eating of the body of Christ and the drinking of Christ’s blood. The general public, in western societies, is disgusted by the thought of humans eating each other, and yet it still seems to fascinate them. Accounts of cannibalism can be found throughout the history of the world from the United States and the Amazon Basin to New Zealand and Indonesia. A few fairly well documented instances of cannibalism include the Aztecs; the Donner Party, a group of pioneers who were trapped while trying to cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the winter of 1846-1847; the Uruguayan soccer team that crashed in Chile in 1972 in the Andes Mountains (Hefner, http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/c/cannibalism.html). -
Contested Visions in the Spanish Colonial World
S Y M P O S I U M A B S T R A C T S Contested Visions in the Spanish Colonial World _______________________________________________________________________________________ Cecelia F. Klein, University of California, Los Angeles Huitzilopochli’s magical birth and victory, and Suffer the Little Children: Contested Visions of Child the world-mountain of cosmic renewal. Such Sacrifice in the Americas contrasting, alternating themes, the subject that I explore here, were similarly expressed at other This talk will address the ways that artists over the sacred mountains in the Valley of Mexico. The centuries have depicted the sacrifice of children in juxtaposed celebrations of conquest and tributary the preconquest Americas, and what those images rulership, alternating with the call for world can tell us about the politics of visual representation regeneration, were complementary aims engaged in complex arenas where governments and social in the annual cycle, expressing the dynamic factions struggle to negotiate a more advantageous obligations of Aztec kings in maintaining the place for themselves. The focus will be on the formal integration of society and nature. differences between New and Old World representa- tions of Aztec and Inca child sacrifice and the ways in which western artistic conventions and tropes Carolyn Dean, University of California, Santa Cruz long used in Europe to visualize its “Others” were Inca Transubstantiation deployed in the making of images of Native American child sacrifice. Colonial and early modern images of In Pre-Hispanic times the Inca believed that the subject, it will be argued, were largely shaped, objects could host spiritual essences. Although not by the desire to record historical “truths” about rocks were the most common hosts, a wide child sacrifice among the Aztec and the Inca, but by variety of things (including living bodies) were their makers and patrons’ own ambitions at home, capable of housing sacred anima.