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- A BACKGROUND INFORMATION UNIT ON THE FUR TRADE OF NORTH EASTERN . 1 I. D. E. PUGH. - -- inabie River Page 18 Northern Times Wednesday,-Septembcr 1, 1971 tilE -e to canoeists OF ASERIES BY D1LfP - the low-lying The Migginabie River pnivenitfi’’ reaches north. marsh and muskeg belt of the udied the Dnlnage j0ttreat in canoe Hudson Bay Lowlands. Flora and fauna this region Is still unorganized. BY thai he is writing a D.E. PUGH strawberries and blueberries of. his education- Lakes are myriad but are only few feet deep. Tributaries spread 0,2. PdW is a unfveni& stud fer delightful wilderness treats River, draining like ant who has shad/ed the amidst the lush growihof Ili:iie;is Is the prin- from the north. cracks In shattered glass;but the with particular interest ha canoe ferns and wild grasses. The Ca- tjihultary of the muskeg. The routes, fore thesis he is writing noet±t will delight, too,lntbeco To-day it Is the creeks drain nearby river Itself Is wide and shallow, In furthering his education. lourful bright flowers of rnnryh the Moose River martgold, blue iris, -and jose tdsms eaxide- often flowing merely a few Ira- Blotic growth along the Missi- pa- ches deep over wide gravel beds nalbl River reflects the fertile honey suckle and asters. toe pulp and checkerboard-like Amidst this atuzc;-;rt vc-ta The River Is no- which sprout a aiy alluvial banks which are formation of numerous glacier well drained and sheltered. Ye lion, arn-al lue tt,rlvcs lire ‘topography; The canoeist and fox abound, Mink, bear,s sneer rocky gor deposited boulders. getatior. IS aa,nnst Cl a w* IUUSI be constantly alert for variety of plant life Is found. set and ohier occasionally iN heavily wooded here pear cautiously along the river grassy rocks in the numerous swifts and Tall plar, aspen and cedar sy cliffs, prepared to wade and cast shede upon the River’s banks, whilethe shallowand mud bars, bed rock should be streams of the Lu-lands are Paleo- track the canoe over shoals. MU sttlleenkile hefl dy ,aleld and of the bfrch contrasts sharply filled with the mu: .u stick hou ‘lmstones - - - ses beaver. The ijiim-lsc the new MIsslnaO,i River with the dark green of black of ta maw reacts the As s;ruce. Thick bushes of wild tam Goose nests along thu n- ear from ChIPlean to Irflched Its route northward, It began its to seaward over raspberries, currants and goose dy banks of the Lower Missinal u Lake Provincial Park, drop berries as well as woodland hi and waddles the shores wIIh HIghway 11 to Mattice, aesierc,s elongated rapids and Its brood. Most exciting is the access to the River Is S occasional waterfall. North frequent appearance of the ma- c@S canadian Pacific I Mattice an escarpment was lestic moose, either the bull with to Iøssirmb1,c tip nched. fore, lndeepgeologlcal Its Immense antlers, or a cow %atlonal Baliway to Po kalts, the River plunged ra glaardlng her calves. nd cii the Canadian Na ‘Idly down in a cascade of foam Nearly 60 bIrd tyiws imtc,l,lt sntnl route to e and thundering falls. For the the Miss!nibl area. llilrty-osrn return trip Is by aeist this section to-day pro var.ciivs of song birds provide Narthiani Hallway idea the most Interesting and a mpe.or.y of music while the Cressing or bellenging canoeing. River Mlsslnaibi spine-tinlLg, weird yodels and me only supply base t Long Portage the Wemulo cries of the loon echoes French Canadian vii- s through the evening dusk iii silent Withtwohotels. RAT shores. Ducks abound. lIlSiijiS grocery store, and nest along the shore, gnldeiscye village Is an excel dive for aquatic plants and cr point. gansers or fish ducks bob * * for their food. On arecky wlandl,400 The Missinaibi Itiver is, In ea lIve?, btls,iaaftit many locations, virgin os:iiig rtoundeO by a won, ground. Inaccessible and too shoreline of ma; rocky for seaplanes, waileyr have xnown to accumulated unhindered in grc:,t ui-ian ileld. Cm numbers below rapids and falls pccasionswithlnthe and at the entrances olcoi water ears, these rocks tributaries. Northernpike ii iniie aauJded, sculptured size lurk amidst weedy bays and by iAasslverasp-iIke on river shoals. Ich bandosed south- the last glacier re .lt watersturned the of the Mlssinalbl immense lake. This iter slowly drained but left behind 30 tt of fertile clay soil, tbkk soft fertIle man ciag that the canoeist seat the River Igob. LAST OF ASERIES , -. ,snnItS The Missinabie River The Missinaibi . pulp industry i * 11w trade artery BY G.E. PUGH are U, able is BY fair. Pugh is a university stud- Ca 1. PUGH ee,t who has sf’ariicd the north, DI. i’uh is a university shad- k 1825 with the growing with perticutor interest in canoe eat who boa studied the north, parctty of beaver, the North routes, for o thesis he is wntirsg w2/a portkeatar interest hi canoe Wtst Company coalesced with - - in fon/eedng his education, mutes, j’r,r a thesis he is waling tS Hudson flay Company. Bran- - The decline of fur trading was - ii, jut tire ri/of his education. nick Post oil Brunswick lake inralleled with the rise of lcd- *111’ only 02,1 miles Sa-paratig - activity along the upper - tafl maintained, however. In the I - ustrial It &sperior fropa - - Moose early 1810’s the Hudson Bay Ce Missinaibi River, A gold rush F.etai’ along the Miasmaibi and ny befit a new Brtnswfck at Wa’ea in 1897 stImulated tclaipicoeru Rivers, these Post located on Misainaibi take. interest in the region, partic testes early became prime *3 Brunswick Pont was closed ularly in the concept of a rail 3 fltei son of the tIer trade. French 1279 although thepostnsused way along the River to Moose traders em the late Icon’s pad as a farm until the mid 1380’s Factory. dkd spaIn-sealed ala often leaky By 1900 little rernaie,edolthe post In 110-5 Treaty Number 9 placed tdr’rh bark canoes op rue Macb- hit squared logs and a wild the and Ojibasy of the - Wcoten Ill-vet to Masiasnibi Lake otden Missiejaibi art a reservation at I-c iratrrrt-;t I c silent Creche-tog- With the completion of the Missiesaibi Lake. A scarcity of - -e W their heaver skins down diaa Padilic HaiI-nyinl885, beaver by 1925 led to the dec S atream to Moose Fort, This Hod *lthalbi Post prospered and an ision to create a game preserve pa tIny Catoçeuny Cur trading Allcan church was constructed at Missinaibi Lake. Thereserva was established ire 1673, tbere in 1900. Rowever, the cr55- tion was purchased and the band b tell to the French in 1036 Irwetion of the CanadianNorthern was eventually re-established on sad was burned in Illit Never- - trdvay In 1912-Il led to the Mount Batten township in 1946, tte’ess ii was rebuilt in the tttabtislslflcret of a new tiost at I’ In 1920 gold traces were din- 1730’s nor! by the 1?70’s vigorous covered along the south western competition was Oceuring 1*1w- Peterbell in place of Missinaibi corner of Missirtaibi Lake and eta ‘ Poldiars’’, as the fur trad- Post. A second post was also ligoite and silica sands were n from Montreal were called, - constructed at Mattice on the being examined along the lower and the rica! Eeircpoaeas of the Canadian National Railway bat Missisaibi River at Creenlsill 114’ree It’ Company. V’ post was closed Lit the early River and Coal Creek, The gold A dwindling supply of "Made 1920’& But for lIe gravestones was mined at Remabie from the Beaver" reaching Moose Fort of early voyageurs, deeply em 1940’s to the 1960’s andthesilica 4 - - fitted tic ihnlse,n Easy Company bedded portages, rotting timbers sands are still being explored Ia 05,/late the irbexi rivers. In of the cli lasts, and occasional and tested by the Algoma Ckstral 17% an English surveyor, John relics exenaplilied rusted by flint -- Railway. Hydro- Electric devel Darner, tr.evetled aridmapped out locks, copger kettles and clay optnents are now being contem tS Missiurretei River. Ills survey pipes, little remains oX the early plated at Thunder House Falls ted to rh ea,-traLtterneot of Wap-’ trading period. and Long Rapids. ssr*qaresy House, The house was r At present, the chief industry - ser,T-i -lcd in InS arid was later Missinaibi Riverispuip alarnr’d arid fortified. along the 1:1: and paper cutting. Sincethel92o’s hi the Peddlars united to Missinseibi lake and the river balm ll,e-l,orth Worst Companyand to Peterbell have been cut over. became a elaeigr-rcus competitive * A sawmill was originally erected rival So the Ileadson hay Company, - at Peeerbcll in 1925. In 1951 adam Ctaequeutly in 1738 the R,B.C. * was coiestructcd at the north end ceded a post at Brunswick lake. of Missinaibl lAke and a number WapLserrameay House was subse - of lumber camps were estab qietatly cisc-rd ii 579!, along tie river to Peter-. The Ii lyo/eta hi River let these lished - bell. Peterbel Itself was the" years tx-crime the centre of a nucleus of the pulp cutting with - flerre, I-naSty Ncmrfla West Co 1 40 buildings, a sawmill, school- - *-s... rasny x.sIs were established house and Hudson Bay Co. store. pests,sear Ile Hudson BO- Company - Logging, however, ended in the Ito faders clotted the I early 59G0’s. The buildings acre Iafist,s into trailing at their posts burned and the sawmill torn it stole tile furs of the more iowa. Wtthttee closingof the litid natctlrant. The Ilsdrlcousscene son Bay store, only a CNR sec taMe thereby the hospitable tion gang remains at the site of C’ee were forced to seeak to once booming town. peels at midnight to avoid the rival Pulp cutting , however, still 114exs. - L - - continues in winter along the Missinaibi River, northandsouth of Mature. This pulp keeps the trellis at Hearst busy, Yet for the canoeist, old log booms, ancient horse stables on pottages, and numerous roads and clearings. - -

ctio. qwinp th fur trnd. n n frontier activity conducted Lnt psle at civilization, th material of the unit r. j to ij, ‘‘r :qd tOWRrdS classes interested in duplicating the trevel of the trappers in their own vehicle, the Ja,2 Bay ha0 racefltly Stress on the geography at the tar trade will permit becom. SChooI teacher a fo nay to locate the remains of the three old posts on the an a outt high rolatl2 for th, cheapjy cja9 tnazbi River which øay be reached only by canoe. Ht-e °°ae acceseib Pact ca Qja To b7 be reached ritable archaeological dts can be tzndertakan which Will by n ca0 tt nany cur trade art3.tacts. An awareness uf th* wilderness This lo the rjve a beav7 Maugjflajb ‘er history iill reiutorce in the student a Canadian tdentit1 years, tav,ll,a tur stfl. ContQ route tor tw0 th, reaj3 Ag as a northarn nation. s W. L. rorton has suw-c8ted. which ot tso Wra °Prat,ô old fur traoi s3 nttemattve penetration of th wildgrnss and return to thn oldst ?aetor, fllisb Pac0 itsej ization is th bastc rhythm of Canadian lire and roris ctjy tUD n Ontario trp for 9nd th, sa 300 at asic ,]ATpnts of Canndir-n charRcter." Sy the study of the natr. to ha9 R th, UCH or n studt rade. lumb,rinw, fln1n find th Zndtsrt a realization ‘till ok hag Unfureaflflt bfl to Publish,4 deajj date aq itt the student of Cattad, n rorthern land, with a northern i primarily With th, To a the fur tra a northern way of life, and a northern destiny the casual ie hjgft Schq1 yea by Moo,9 Student ondly ditterin trni the United States. Simless the visit °th the ay 5’m Od modern u20 reservati Bay _ 4t.pants. housing r,w Sto Or Idi huopjtgi. This rshj f uj j an ercjti 1. The HistoryTeaohtr. eseted a3 pa baekg Hopttil1y the teacher is tamiliar with both the the trip. ifltOat tar nterest. Sh1a the Qrioal sources. arohaeotog.ca1 techn.gues arA vUdernes eft, documents stua. i SUcceed th, ap08 travel. Such a taaher could integrate history with RQflp or f the fur Th rnft trade imps0 0? fur trs4, oor education in the most effective manner. Teachers th, fur routos trade Upon th9 Mnd nfl Tna L. Morton. th’ Canadian Identity. p. 5 mqc UflOUbtadl rth* vnj, from the his raixw trip t1 the Ufltalia means of with the and campitw sites is another fur trade by cafl Pick a quick up most of reading of the detaii5 the key buns A lack included of famlliaflty in the bibflQggp with caex Peopl’. could be and Wilderness 50UO Overcom, travel by recru1tj is difficult to obtain id tr, Tn southern untftrio it interested in fellow OUtdoor teachers orth Lastern jntBTi education. for such a unit. However jn remember . Ph whites who till elderly Indians and who Th19 psts of the Hudsofl’fl Bay Company, or it is gear einland ifl towards Nofl astr active rurajy paddiin the freighting canoes, Ontario who students oose Factory. or are to other interestd in with the fur trada, stua their habitat Such people are acquainted intersted in a trip by yo1in and running ut canoe to echntqueS such as pjrtagtng. th, Students oo nat hunti win already and canonj be familiar and some may With on transflortati have trapped 5ystems Part time. sePre re gui ftit’ nd rout5 Stre88 inteeSt for PDOvide are necessary. HowOVr these stud5 a stro o academic prerequisites North Since many Of the stress its outdoor education ontafl will students in Bmw for the course should be bilinguai n Fren adaiti01 the visit to Such a Ca’3 as thq academic work prior to Journai s well should be Of the D to take Troyes advantage of the5e Students the ditionaj skjli& of Ill. SflCIflC uJCflV3S. Knowledoe. the content Teamwork betw9 a. Students should have an awareness of the economy ana Indian teaohrs hist0 teacher to the fur trade. the trapping involved in nd other OUtdoor edUcation between the is a fllish necesSity obtain an awareness of the a Co_operation b. Students should istory depart, means of transportation which have in a ical geozraphy, and study f uula be forty years. such oks as d until the last or in a Robert BEilantynet the Study of the Hudson students should obtain some knowledge of numeus c. food, eloth1n Chappe1i3 travel bon, trade technology. mnthods of trovidinw arrativ. such as trade. of a Voyage Porms of shelter durin the fur Trader to Hudson Anderson, s1, Gods&ll,5 Angel of Arctic ud0 Bay, Story. Co-opj or And,rs,s With the Fur Trader.5 students -À Producing deprtmet canoe trip having map5 illustrati past location5 5.

2. Attitudes Information canada PT0v oth ur Trade will a. n the an Students should develop an RPpreciaticn of Wilderness intret in the wtlde the northern travel, and ai understa nature of the Onnadian nation. nding of b. An attitude of and conservation towards its natural resources the wilderness inland fur should be developd. FactorY. shOwi Noo5 6tern trio C. Afl awareness photOS of North publIc arts, of the Indian and his Gnñ Ind1a OT th although this Rttitude problems should rOhiV ach B" unIt on should be developed the nt8ri0 1evi fur the impact of the fur by a second *ror of P1.0° trade on the Indian. A charife in such Skills. 3. good nrtict5 oraPh°1 nUrnerO CRd1an r are and The Students should learn the Ic. trade. and toporapj0 mats, use of the compes with the fu and such outdoor skills films deal as canoeing, and b. 16 tr. Studerts should develop savr. NB. 28 tn. &ntrp,t understand the ability to read. i,q of the udSOfl. LFB and critically analyze The of enrY scondry dociaaeuts. both primary and Last v°yg l mm. The ChamP]-’’ N?B Samuel de mm jVB. c. VoYe 19 Students should develop ,‘_rt. ShoV develop,ients into the an ability to project COUntTY 21 Slide logic. future based on the snd rorests facts presented Rnd of Lands

doct ants. The he subject to teC USed nd flatter hare is QJUn1Y the fur trde in strictly the nrc is flOSt North astrn untric history of TfleT’ n3thod to red th extrd9d incu . This topic pnd flnSr forc to th- social is easijy ,,estiOfl studrt5 r,re should du.tfl inc1udjn Stects o’ the all mthud pruVde. th construction Of ur trade nntae that to un rpurtS rnfl5 of uttainin sheltr5 by fur trndq5, prepare pnsTrs. and ruP food and cluthin their ond doaUrt8 arnOr. th Ft th post nd their daily OflPlYEiS of 00_operRton ciarifi° Rrprc prubls of trnel. routine TOUP to prowotC the vPlu which ‘nsth Similarly a cultural htCh tends to impact ut the tiv lend thernS5 Ih1ch enOO0T$’5 Ifld1p Is also fur trio, un Some doc" n interstin subject Such dOCU Pnrticulrjy if approah0ea Rtter or to dIvSr ior furflPllY ns to !

there are many forms of fen including poor the supply of ,mneral soil water is not sucicnt acid bog condition. Yellowlegs are the noisiest avian the lonely open mire. Pools are frequent, and in some I nre extensive small-lake-lands which provide import for Canada Geese. Very strtrg re the !.vet4 ddges.and long zarvw vtp the sjc3t sb e of the lana surface, - moe orest sometimes stand out The whale comp cx is of intennixed fonts of bog andfen. ie northward until you Mar}asectheguldefOrthataTha. ,j4. t j.._JfAtUrRli8t’s to. 83 89.

nhrttrlnnkl who will choose a secfltary to record report on th Hudson’s Bay Lowlands which -aii by the tollowtn questions.

rorsed and what characteristics to-tay tion.

nat experiences in the LowleAds. Is the rion .abitat for animals, birds, men. ihere woaL this regioi. Now valt2able was this region for the are dirficulties encountered while travej.tlng by coast of

.ons or torth ast,rn Ontarto

IC scniLn2Iy etl cs eiteTII he C !rct NtLetdls für hLL:c] I LI soLLIh.r rnjrcLns of the re,oTI. rcLt’nkn o m3niiccnt pineforesI which L11311. Ott icc i,artbern border, the spruce thin by nnd IiZjns h’1vre ]Lrink,g liners of urvivjT ilLtg the vtL!]:y into the Arctic, Otthnurii t’LCIr - i-trio L pc ‘Ft’ [,J!, F" ftc hcrj F fl’2Lthejpnrtiioc !H’IJr ILL tow s4ould from small _ subArctic climate. ponds to so’n0J °cr :tcS f a pI4 the climate .L rrp tto,,j11 LIII! afl hamar jes. such ‘i’d It spiJJ rufl1 .1 14hY. - PrOPorno1I5 hi ------or trade. is I In he Cd4 of ‘‘ ‘-jo*i rJi N the fur rIK asurea in bc tde hJLh J in ThROS!indf? ‘7dc of IC’ IOWt F the Subarcuc Oflh1oittçj aChes APPRU AC"S.- nd t heLr absence On fl!most tnflRAPHIC seb trot,, ICIL IL ru. it apart ReiLt in Iickei,,1 Iilou2h ru the Sweeping the i u subdued not roni mms vistas of ho md tilL eVCr_PrcstIt meaTte of easY Curioc, Ly Pr,tirgc litre cii requzrd as from ire hceg flfling has travhJflg throu1 tr resoUr0es fout documents. to What I’c piqued lie rcion the foltoWiflF hcyo he h’tl or niuch by R,ad mark in red Y0rId the nez mountain but rather spt culation and n atlas, hcndf1 by wonder as of CPn attent0fl Muskeg is afl to hat lie p Pay partiCUl I add,t1031 cIraracte,I,tIc h how of Canada. aIid how d1-fft01lt wJdesp cad eIcmen ‘arcrcirt y numerous COIOIIIOn In the Stib,, rctL IOW ctOSSC neitner CCUSIVJy -- Ida jntario. height of land max,11 water nor Jscipe This the diccr.hunun ii this c1u vLiy tcee!,.no1 Bow is ecoloical SucesJ00 region SCJCn;LeaJJy reachs rivets. Js LiQflofi!iee a stage in suotIg to p4netflflOD and a fuutweg iiifllafl a foitnidab1tmkt hay Shield presents impenetrable In North M,cfia,hotv for are ut it is not the bintaizud os ri r’j xIoefliec tttltment meensof aSto j of sini, mcw.h and territories, the cazly Can’da °I"Le urns md a new SddoE1tth ccm , ‘bk vr-e n impoFfla. Cut off - Subarcc cc torment for animal5 o,her rcgion of assumed a partiCular t0rnr M0 flTn therefore alt, g’ - iong.onr.1 would be - ‘ngb rystems 1rcTeU Bum ,ar more trou hlcs0n1 uiEi this asin and the St Caadi. on in he wee the Atlantic small jort of The Car U,1 Suba,at gIon no: for CCmp3r2tiY wHiter I to many se%fcoritai1S and ,9,I6O square mi iii bou he the donciinnc fCaturc aninage system coven Subarctic poiUcs of Flits limionl ¶udsOU Bay aninast aras of the early and stays the no c and Within square miI, the ‘a Ce, Water aiccs ‘LerC c’ancp0 drains ç4,iSS o1y 420000 COvered 78ctwcc Ireeze and the tntrc Rnt1 CL}Ile "4vi hct.ieCtl them co’s-a lie Arctic and iondscap0 bcc1 and the St lawrenCe 00nh, not to the the AIr0 expti atrces SubarciK Winter tlicr._ suc,*_ Canada drains to the a rItilcr i icc is lithe to the 3eattT part of other lies astries - the o"hic is js the chons. if hr one flyer the PLr:LIIy is Stibu,5 Winkr riven which run The cold WtJi LVLI1 at !cost tweeD the northlwcqc0, pirk owor cMreme n}rngmL,,n of tile Subarctic tcmrattIrec it wiwtth made is also litorkLd hy are a Sufficenijy The ShIeld and dies in Ccn k high I ri,o arduous and costly-4 which cvulâ Occur Jluevr period 01 ddy dIrknc&s that r to vessels and argo Ith iou i,bL’JJt A tru They corafned tnC aossby pL.t,,Juit, r.gnjd hours ad summer Jn17- which co-aid th ULeJLlpnlei,t tiE "fLu deuujjy he1 the portag and this t IO both pi.,nt and IChtipCr.tturLc rivers of canada to they confined *flaj ileforc wJnftr tenet tilL Yet of the north; wd of he Siiitrcicc. FLIUIIIS DiLOOtIiLuOth simmer is but a the drainageba5 aveL Th wod be cpceiJry ii, the rntifro t such methods of the c n,rticLSt l5 Lilderlics much vo wSd face iii rtr: in no L bradpcj Hudson Bay it Ceo,i Figure occa mainly ‘ radzn. seWom srtdat Source 14-I Wonders, C. "The rorest in Wa1tefltln Frontier Geowrephi John. an di. * I Interpretati Canada A PP. 473 & 474. I Croup iii. fleet a chaj1 drMna&0 to The cbairm, 0f fresh water surface, record a group Is to cho050 the soil, the amot geogrnphv’ dominate Wit], report on secretary The clate, --- In a word, be guided by the Interior the Precambrlar Shield the fOllowing Upland5 Which pattern. and 31 1. ihnt Questions fur-trade historY. to the 4ar trade, is the Canadian of Canadialt climate requir 1- Rnd predominant veget$j0 main contributi05 and in the hste wAter the found The two the quaht of the furs months. flredominant in the sugeSttd are i waters n the ice-4ree near Kmpuskas1 lanascape tJpja3. - and impression Is ck already so far through nortrn two sets th, main Cochmnp Oescrjbq alor.g ?tghway in movifl& the gcods the central entrepôt, nharcte,istict What 11, determined logistics: £as to live off of th, you believe to be The haste in turn crews movg tco 2. ow provisiOninS system for Pttrnctiv, is 1f floes, a attn3 the UP1aMS it affets this story stnt to "nimaj5 .eland. Canadian geography as locmtio wha birds $eature of .vhoe World’s fresh Indians ret. Usjaw a The really amazz1Z caadat hail of the plain why thes, encampments miflt of fresh water in connected but, fJr a portable locations Were be found Is the amount not only closely Even chosen surface Ihe rivers are are entirely nvable water interrupted naviga1i0n Canada to adaptcd to the almost any city craft ravel by canoe from tay it is 0ssibie to 5ea. l’riflC? or to the Arctic the Atlantic Oi the ii Or Asia bLIE !tt%’ of g ot ot,nda,y runs to and the trade rou±e to MohtteaL Ie result liven the furs ol distant Athabaska, and of the Peace arid Mackenzie I-i rivers, might be directed into this route by the Churchill, Portage du pot ceJ?t Traite, the Sturgeon Weir and S5k-atchewan rivez, instead o going per c1t b across the Barren Grounds or down the Churchill to the Bay. A fig 1 into Huds Macken0 to can/tra rival route to this tr,rnk water-way to Moi,tr& nn from Winnipeg and i Tea iiver up to its tnbutary the Eng2xsh ircr arid Lac Seul over the of all of er h ‘ AwentY.two height of land to Laie St. Josephand by the Aabany River toAibany which bore JIve lid a small the sort in Taaea Bay, Bet; see 01 he thrc0 lie he1w Ct ‘he A consists CanadianWest great drriag&, Sopj fleilheg Morton, A. S. .A History of the mnui of Portage Shot1 th’ the 1B70-7. p. 23. to - tWO lie Mackeq. -‘ , rl*or arkj the the trade t210 c ‘llfleLnhIe1 bigo5j portag0 w0‘r__._thyet Crarid ab ?0O tie of ude. Source. jhe Methye Of prom 1823. to 1883 t’p -udson’s ay Company post 0 Lake Tirnisknming ws -- - - ‘ * ,ezvfced trots Moose Factory. The canoe route followed was that used nrlier by Prench military raiding parties, such as 0. Troyes, passing over the divide by way of Lac des Quinze on the Ottawa and . fl,s Is the best connecting route between the Ottawa and James Bay suitable for the carriage of freight - a narrow, windins corridor witch, - on Us coune over the h&ght of land barely athieves &cepng beneath the I 1000-foot contour line. The Cmudian artist, ArThur Hemu,g. accompanied a bat fur brigade between Abitibi Post and Tiimiskam’mg over ut route In 1901. An abridgement of his story appeared in the Summer i967 Bearer, with his vivid sketches. In this same general area, but ,ot actuafly tossing the divide, was a temporary detow- caused by the Iroquois domirtaton of the Ottawa Valley in the seventeenth century. Huron and Niptsslng n,iddlewen bringing their furs down to Montreal in those perilous years, when they cause to the mouth of the Mattawa ted left up the Ottawa. The soc of the Ottawa, St. Maurice, and Sguenay he close enough together to let small canoes get through to Montreal this roundabotit way. This route was not ,--*rnponani-for- volume-of tzaffic,-nor--length-oP-service,_is--merely_fiiled_ an emer;ency for a few years, till the Iroquois menace was over. See - accompanying map - - 1 Th, scottd most common link between the St. Lawrence systr and James Bay was by way of the Michipicoten and Missinaibi Rivers. It was - too rtgged for the carriage of heavy freight, and served more as an express route between La&e Swpezior and Moose Factory. Th vOyageurs used the the steep gradient - * , and Wawa and Hawk takes, to et up at- at ‘ Ss-aj1 - m its Lake Superior end. A parry which made the trip in fl67 describes the Sirig ‘i-’ -r route as having become spoiled in many of its previously attractive sections.

:0 La -- romthe Source: ?lorris, crio. Fur Trade Canoe outes of tpass-.- - - Then andhow. p. 71. Canada, fli4lt -t -

DJade the bie. fur Sure1 of iIlLst,,rh, trI11 s]c;,rs nf !l;pruv wit], tJie;r of tlu th Fur Tr6d ot 1]der*y,5, liESfl *‘]!Il;,]s of Ute iliIl;Ll,:t,, J1e ‘a TI1 A 3iP*ot, iir, IL:IVO Ii istorc icgii, ‘tp0 131,,; of tiieo tI,i,r lui* wv, II Cr II *r .rl boy,. e,, tIC? lilore I - The beaver s a monogamist The yonzog are born in May Lad 10rr! of average from two to five in number. ‘These anImals are nor, proifie tire of thoireirl u0 i1, the Ms nritl Ch3i19 in Than our sheep in France the femies bearing as many as 6n or six t thins,71, the l*erxt IIOrh f ti’e ihij A"o en, every yean" They are i’taeed in six weeks, btt stay th the mother hi, Ei,rji0 11,11 In the l3FrI,j0 pnfl hem., stllP1? for cue year. They mate at two, an4 are fully grown at two and crier of tug CoJJtoj, the 4tLW1.i!.o of distrIl* half-yea rs hewer-lcd ge-hasjentrail y-about -nbc-alma of-tr’ ‘i:tiIr w;th M the cl:,nt IIIIFLII.ro, the ing ages- ii bas been eztio,ated Thai the beaver popiiladon hsatscs of t}c* fo ±Hl*_h!!r.]*i.I ituj trsi, Vrr_,-1 by about 23 per cent per ycat. and that previous to the cosxg of tIme to ‘ Europeans the total beaver populaton oI 1’orth Amerka cx Ix,, from Rot,,13. *ihk, irid _-.i yet miUio. In years of abundance the number varies from ten to Aritrj,* rrid per square nile according to the country. Apparently it suffers from it JIX, iiaj.i0 U,,. fIJr_J,l,.;II, tile fluirk disease at varying h,ten,als, and large numbers are wiped Out Inhliiflh with ti1. kitIie* The animal migrates very Uric and travels over land very s3cwy-. Inn5 ii,. wiLl ii-t*.il lop. "t*ket1i,, vnbso ilier It does not hibernate and has adapted useR with great e?aboratioa to :J{]v,.,aor* iii ai it tI11 J’ichttfnr trilde ,.,*3 it rich / the seasoaal chaa&es of a ,onhem cimate. Darvs arebuittrins4 In Sburca. supply of water, and lodges of twenyJj.croLtbeJ,?szr,&th!cs preat, $J brâchcs ccxcced Rnd stht othjQd2tSMirclJa,ChMnber Th °Sfltury - fro, cost p. j. abortabQve%eUeveL Two sxp, Lp hats &2vcrw pelt6 Wh’; an entraocts from etc aM one-ball to two feet wide and from ve 10 [&r 4db best top this chamber, being from two to three are adapted hat2 ten feet long arc built to both bnbcd and a bv forfewg were &d be Worked felt Sad sn the ha feet below the water on the outside. One Is used for an ordinary nra- de more stre01 9ualjt;e, f way, the other to bring in the supply ot wood Soc food. Besides this Ofyoth and would of co5j &d . T& wear It lodge the beaver has buxro,, the banks which have entrances toge torn fmm better tha0 alona ot soak d nh_- the pelt a felt ader water. These art extended upward atid sufficient soil is 1ef o and w POunded a * and winter tinder a so lated with a the top to provide ventilation. Wood is tored for the ‘ w winter - then rofl water at convenient distances from the lodge. The food in M be poplar, vnllow, and the young bark and giver a fine thicfly birth, cononwood way whic5 twigs of hardwoods, and in summer the roots of various water l?rns, rc of a a wov w0vcakth_ii& the habitat is to a large extent delermmed by tbe dcciduo,i fortst proce,s a5 or i1Y3!t55 area. The range exteath notherly to a Un drawn northwest Iron the - the Jue armd ice bett. fir mouth of The Churchill River to rise mouth o the M-sckeuzie River. sheila4 and th, fit- used, as thefek cor5e2ucth- - Tenitozy south of thIs bommndar¾ which is well wooded with poplar aource. more Bach and willow, and which abounds in small lakes and slugish, con- -_

deuous streams, is especlaily favourable. - * I. p. 4. I Soure,: Innts, i. A, Th’ Put trM ofCnnpdp. p. 1k & 5. 1. What an th chnrot,rtst1cs of th b,v,rs’ ftc cyó1, habitat end locetthn. 2. Row would thqsq Thctors ncotzrg, the rnpid spread at the fur trnd,. 3. I of UI effectS Until the 0oflJneflt cit L2rupea nations fiord Obtained the n hairs of the Pt’ocesa by which Ind8" buy,, bev,r fur oo1d n the d?rn,nda Indian be r6mov,d, fur nmrd hairs beavr rubes which lacked the8, because of the ouble The skin of the ov.t utenSS. whether of o to heaver Isad been adapttd ll their of tht fa cloL5Thg d wn ej succs. They have ab.ndOt use them, o C--. nothing, the northerly areas. po in the older wd mo - wefl to me as m which cost them amost They wear no other they bad exchange for skinz tor their novelty as Beaver robe1 which dothes than a moose skin or a taming from us, a jeuvaluable, not so much consists of five or six Beaver seemed to them Sjns sawed to_ thins whtch derived atuabk gflce th cc y,cnitO they still, the most The rapid development of fat The them. d seems ent on ade vdth these Indians was wa’% seemed w their methods of eadng depend b a to ans or, felting the fur and on the fl glly em Ac coppersmiths. he proces5 The pelts cere character of she Mo de then many the taken by the Indians the late where there were and it this - inner side scraped and rubbed sthes. prime and AUbtYb0M relativeS o! the King, After with the marrow of by the Rue if they were nOt this earrflenr each certain animals Interpretfl of the ingdOm- - . - - and pelt was trimmed into asked of his andest SeigDi0r with this de7tn. from five to recsjhJa, shape - tcsde of the ci hunting. eight were sewn together with was pot the all the same methods spears with the boon robes which were mccse sinews into they praCtise still rrows and worn by the bdians th tiat of arming thcir with iron, the fur n:;t to the bo. boveflT that jil place they a them tay ofthctdfth and shawCfl e made of a / pointed Their c2fl ow with of for sale to them. in !cflh. th the fur. With constant s 0ade essly ven to eit feet wearing for üfleen to end of a shaft of gSe; or for flthZ ei: .°nths xcâ at the to spar the the slat - eweuabI the skin there is snoWs iron harpoons. of or coroaé These i wio, when are aiso furnished with fars tko in winter when and Beaver They as __ThCanor prime S - e Troot th&r bunt fla d h;vcr ft was this fur lown later we have spoken befO. other weapotS. in which was most of which more thaO all - th V lie e to is used by them animals and bithL The musket and th for the gun they stirred to the i spring. an animal c!oseIY with Qjj_-_ feltin - - thg to approac1 axes, the k&fl’ tiE arrow it was necessarY bullet or two. ae stant the a distance with a movemt to the interior to a can.. rn the animal from is su lied them. meet new trjbu of ,nd es hinu that former times w en t fl indians and to the tithes those which th had in and podable than Souro,: IimTh, . A. The ur ofCrg. p. 14. 1. Fw d1 the where these were. dnmRnd tar lie onW in aces they do that the 1 Castor to wSer, at the fur gras lad were able the Bcaver greater ad trRd. -o the extension to the huating of nowadays a With respect they have ,,rsertb&e5 with the did formerlY, though armed th iron than - as they and harpOOnS tot4lY "- -. 1wn Mth their arrows ot which they have lYmzb vantase used in old times, and others which they donedthtt" - - - - . e & 19. J u to, S ,s ocean voy5 a r nur0,-.- c.2a’ile 0 A.jfll ties of ssam i:b du: e long Imti. !S. cnologY. raw rna:enal :Od lJ-re and a distrhut, qa1’j. - - Indtafls I. oraruo Were the rapid PrO,ac t;IJ out dia.city aith ahorbed aeDenoent UIO The a_pr t. OW heas overhead cost of of ior.g Voyages Ii on demanedbyth a. trAde. of th’ fur the .er was SWed to Oic de d Sources Tnnls * F. A. 1. Row pp. 15 & 16. aia th uropen of the industrsaj slates fur trMe. encourage the spread the ‘list

Uttan. With Jacques Cartr began and beg, aIs0 the histo to North Eastern Ontario. the mo det,,m;flCd of Carmda effort to discover and stnc a route to at was the drivinif forcn behind the exploration of these of the the Pacjfft p’qect sve The ei-c,,_ t?WRYS phkal 1eJy determined [ COndIonS by ge the The,out by which Lawrence and it was folJod from the St.Lnwr,nce. ru1oThtion Only, great e Great Lkeff into the the o centurts much had been com betveen Labrador heart of the and Florida conthlent tue St. taivrence from its vasi chance Bore 2 of Ptercing anywhere there aaine Rapds. Ciaain paded up these wa e Contineot until they To follow ,ossed over to Lake Nipissng, and then Source: Burpee. L. TheSerc, ‘Quest was should lead e o the £ the Western Sea- -- p. 197- New rdfng motive , rstnch River until he stood upon the shors Fra Iron all the eplore the s Cartj to of huron, ‘vhch Etienne Brute, that intie It-as Supposed -As t0 lie At rst sad already discovered, by another 1hC’S somewh ave tatVrence and its Montri discevered Lake Ontario,. and after.4 1. outline on a map the routes ascd to &2bu_, tile the Great Ottawa Ser Brul between of the manor French Cfttladian Uvothewisp La1, the Champlain and th sea receded explorers Canada. Fthiy ±en in- a are part of what is now the of * exp2od itbecmeap La Supj01 be that d Jeliisolet. under Champmain’, ns. look for still the Wester rth- Sea mua i even more determined effort than toward the setting affeld somewhere sii far out to reach the grsnd object - Up of c to this p0101 -- 4m05z the search bration ri Nev France-the iWer d CO Jike wateflY5 had been aJong ed ad the âut thea broad ie failed in this he did succeed in disrovr expj0,, were now 9rear up00 t at a ichigan arid Green Bay, and tracir. the ocean of t4j on phac of waving of a to the height of land separating the St the IOng.contj graa Eere which begat, - asin from the basin of the form the seri of Missisii?t Ut this Subjectm Cplorati a direct route to the continental valley cf route by the of t n St Lawrence fOi1owig followed Xccc not the only d &aIssdc.houart one that 1ed the Great If it up to the La- 0f land by the Fox River, tiier cro:c- ray may be descrlb2d overland to The a the 7 o the Wisconsin traced that river to lrj interior of SOuthern ii florthera th :e. the MississippL and perhaps went scm Zatowayth there was As the Hadw0 so a 1 the ssissippi. in a later voyage th explorat. Strait and to of the ntirc south shore of Lake Superior. sc France and SOuthern this her son5 en&. land of the Sioux about Lac des Mc °0hern entrance so the ex0, lathe mRSt be may hit 5Ons of Englaoo cred;t of hey accomplished beyond this, or ol sock Exlgjf thout Sfldisputati till be considered a the following cha,:, the Iej - .tui 01 as this Story flutt quette explored the tississippi down remained of Westeni For; in th’ tlnwriueP - explo,atjqa - -- the Arkansas, La Salle, folloving e dsc0 the river to its mouth, and proved once of the vast inlad miuwed into the Guit ol Mexico-not into t’t as or sea that uth of i was the grt bean Sea, as some had supposed- Father I,’ navigable me! that lie to b vaterway ncideow to the despite his gigantic fabrications, ral!y t’ * cas tbrotgh the se the for - 5rch or the COhiinent a Mississippi upstream from the mouth of a passage Iii SOaroe1 ov - o the Falls Anthony. ‘inaUy, urPee oSt RBt L. and wide throughout 1. the land that lie, the ake Superior and the head-waters of th These two hundred ye%rs of exploration the t,,0 o far as the westward movement s cort atePute eneo up the entire valley of the St. Lawrence,

t!antic to the irisigniEcant height ofland that - ?ho P1orpt

Reviewing the OYaes eograp to Uodoi, hin,j fl of these that ud50, and £tleral teatur d13COV:; flCluding $ Of the ‘6a, t the bay do, strai tm0 tReks, continuad o its ;et the th0 rough CXtjem tO COas of were there more Beaven in ourlaka and ñven. but never hEY. - Port °‘ the the warehouses or the c0unU7-_Before ttte devas Nd500 we;t coa5 made koown ;rs0 ‘ten fewer seen in a more Foxe and from RUd0 ,c the a hundred TOeS used to caine to trade, all laden exact ames age,- B %d de C2to both Bay and esc?t ‘ear we had Ii’o or three Jundred thousand led both orth Coot 2. To almost coast rzbuted to What hat w4c a lint revenue ith k,tosaush all iEpe. T - simu;tn07 covered e,rplcpe&reed Cxplored Y w0 expenses of thecnuntty, - - heavy Butt, awAre these to hiMerto mis war dried up all those spj,The Be2ver, are left in peace - Cape indepe0. Of the fur Cxplored North plaae of their repost the }iurori fleets no longer ccme dowi. to the eas tta M rOm a st0 rz n the frec6ng em Shores While C’ are droryjgt n e more slantatone us 3* the Iroquois, For a yeSr.t error James Bay 8ing t,2 drawing still farther. fear,nc ‘he fire of wit fl div from the saw 0fng it Witboizt -Zd1fldu92flOYc1op of Montreal It’s ot bnuz’t a sngte Bcaver-sk,n ?ouse when ill face into rhac has accrued has beco used the Cxpl This fly2 bretRivcrs.:r0 ‘tue rc enje EAt 1Yd:pf m.5 VQflg ° the lb eeoc my place, - of th - the I - Y years of fop be dissatisod. urm!:th Bay the the there is nothing but pocrty; and so everyone has cause to * C 7 explore sa those to whom it is due, or ev diappea hat Jay there king no means to supp!y payment behjn With to defray a pan of the most necessaly exflases of the country." air -°n AIthoah th - "yage3 e Prim, a very’ ‘rt Ot a 0hjt fle1.attøns, quotedJesuit by Innis. H. A. pp.35 tu 37. hipOttant ompusbCd trI4 the tntfre PJece most ofOas t1flØ explora attack tha Nuron Indinns and the Frtnch. markabj df °fl the would the Inquis 0f 1nlancf Seas, the wny wer, the Iroquts attacks so succ*ssful. Pm ho did they obtab, their weapons.

What were the result ot the attacks on tb- econofl of New France

$-‘ction II. The ‘xpnnion ofrade rrqnch expRnsiot, was itmitea to the South by the Iroquthis. attacks the Dutch and the ‘ntish. Ph decline and continued interruptions of th fur trade ncoura,d trade to the north and with the 1650,s_ O ttRW!IS

‘The Outawas lodians. who are divided into several tribe’, and are near Mo.-eoitr a We obtain "IVey to us, are those of the greatest use to us, because through them thefr hunt, and have but full of t:;:ozo down o he Beaver; and although they, for the most part, do not ea ponioo of peluy in their cox’ntq. they go in search of t to the mo nevenJ the to small Whol. Keb to distant places, and exchange for it our Merthandise which they proctilt at every of the the rcqvenu road is Montreal. - fle ,,,, hater ‘ alive - es thai, the3, - -, their peltri. in the North, from the people of the interior - - - ‘ Pare new bc- They et is aJz1 arn,,1 of SOng em all for the-, ‘b. For -aM in the south,., to trade - the croe?, and fo of their if they Some of these thba occasonafly caine down to Montreal. but usum besI’des the distant. that -4-ad they do not do so in very great number,, because they are too tar I for other lndins inmi CflOr to war the thri ne not expert at mariaging canoes, and because the / Who oq13 - psoDt - Thake dwjj date them, a order to he the carte,, of th&r Merchandise and to Cr, their "°Uld &. thereby. - - to any Source: Irnfls. 9. A. The Fur trAde ofCanada. p. 45. ‘I put" 1. Pow did the Ottawa Indians obtain tMir skins. What name is provided to tht position.

2. Wher, ar, the Ottawa Indians located. With what Indians would th’y trade. Use map by fl. Jenness showing Indian tribe loctttions. -

9.

Teachin Grog e ‘ the James tnstructi0 A wbid is a hundred leazes !ay Choose Debate. coiled Tadousac, of the North, we two two Did Pdi96, ‘SaraetlaY. we were inihe Bay to Rrgue Students to reach River of Canada As vJfldmefl that - Class. negative thea argu, the .--great and renderjOus,his.Tht open th ffirmatsv, left in this place our marks it we would come discussi0 defended us above all things, to the ‘ brought us neans land and so twel - - -- we should ‘ no to them, that towards the - the who had emigra - directly side, that is, to the north Skills to the oth Now - of the Woods from urope go to the river were very treacherous. from 1651 to from the a a boy, telling us that those people not come 1652 1r0qu019 who learned sea, out of policy. test we should Jesuits tntij scapi to the held him whether they told us this thought to get from 1659 When Dutch, he captive be deprived of what they Journey in search he Joined worked with the to then first and so see that envy reigns every for furs. GVQSi1jjer in not knowl. In That you may They a OCh_makin us U do Mid people, as at curts. where amongat poor barbarous the title was we could not see because had sepv, made us a map of what As we came to the from 1646 a with the among the bustards and ducks. you to obtain from 1654 Jesuit missj05 nigh to reap in many places India to to 1656 h lit these oats grows they grow are Iroquois brj their travelled place where great number of fowls, that Groseillier furs to !ew westaard think It strange to see the from it. of the reached Fraiiee would that hardly they MilmOve North The Green Eay, despite the so fat by eating of this grain once with one arrOw. Sea’ and Cree lRnds Wlnt.ped and killing three ducks at the they &ave reached ‘as met the I have seen a wildman hundred swans together. i4ortp,’ where far a the thing to see five [or] six cold. seago accounts of Its %n ordinary the winter there was so meet with ships, the "Eay i wondered that the . - the Indians arrivi direct at I must proeb for the extreme heat of who trapped from sand boils at the waterside hour the pr:me urope when the amt [‘ml less than half act In thp arctic some eggs in that sand, that summer were in summer or 1659 furs. * sun. I put stones"’ We passed tj Lake or 166o eggs were as bard as began we prevented t their Superb, regIon Radiss0 a: - the seaside, and as the cold 3our,y , quietly. coasting the to carty our things - - to James ay Radioso lOst commodity of the dyer this accoazfl * , We have the beasts- - - - ‘‘ in ice. where were most 1668.1669 the to the best place, con’rneth a - - I d my brotherno in our boats nation, and aved with a mpany the t’ino1 is wandeg the hunting sake - my absence of tht03 in the land [or - and We resoh-cd thtwere In winter they live never are many close our desig,, to cover o - Yast country- fishing- They , as if we were busine better by the water For a good before, going summer They are of that we would follow ahuntirig and st-d and in ,irongiflg one another. - and them lie them for fear of one wife, and succeeded but not next night, wlch togtther whoremaStet having but og without much we did - and not peat owed, They clothe the ght way labor and dang - nature, others that I tOLwan the Not satisfied th any summer of - * were hi danger other side of :. - [more] s5 tter, to perish a the ak,’t :- - Mth caston’ - thousand we all over America and of ice, We times - -‘ theelveS of all thwated a place of because of the rumbs v They are the best huntsmcfl go other side fifteen eagJes - stags’ skins. ciicum3acent nations at night, We arrivec_ i-’ -: - trap. ‘The * to go, Wben we came there on the to catch a castor in a have more on the right or we knowed no: t it5 it, but s we with left hand for we Where ned when the season finger- of a glove. full sail came from saw nobody At copper, made like a - tents, - a deep bay, ta* as put a piece of saute tents as we perceived smoke for jhëy their nature. They have the Then many and which they use before from top to toe. The boats from thence the Beef, and their apparl slaves. - ceived with much Ce to meet the nation of take! as much pains as joy by those . WO V. ere fl and delicate aild not that poor Christinosii, women are tender for the men are fools, - - - we rod on ground They suffered acute wits than the men, cado. Cog They Lad - Thcy are of more the young in our own ats us into the mddfe thcfr work, They not iL’e a couple A their - diligent about sute that they Them were of cks - but that they are some wildrnea that n a b. sket them in the water, being They b not away all followed us, - but leave nai doth, haste Possible but are I a wefl again, which no other them with to arrive the * - wifi kc him head or slaLn We came to the seaside n sooner at foa but knock them in the have - all where great -. thefr prisoners, so cruel. They denoihbed and battered we find aa a not decent for men to be that with bullets We house arrows, saying it’s the Buff and Beer, With - there were tOld - nation of were of two it - turquoise from the the form of the Long natiou, one of those - a store of and give them Homed Beast; the Woff, wars. Thy polish them nose. the reproseotarjOo aC those nations are other whom they had [hangi them at their of the beasts or distius,bed by -long, flat, round_-and same bay - lariries of the animals, * of pearl the side of the Europeaiis We They tell us articu. een stoites very fine at - is; thereiot-e in vain knew ourselves, and They find] they te what Ewo northwest. - We went us that. - of the sea, to the Neuter; they speak from isle to isle all called among themselves Those abud of ducks ±ac summertis We There is a nation being friends to both- fish as of all other sort pluci d tanj and Christirtos’ speech were over nor fresh heat. of fowls We - the Beef to give us, They - -: We were Well waord not could not tell what - joyed that we promised beloved and Itheyj poor peop’.e bring them commoditie5. - vented them to come wero over- when we said we should place bath a with such ships as joyed river to the Upper Lake.’2° kill great store we in- - went up another then by am them ao except for of coii, The - We sent us gifts, and we to bay necessjy wdmen of the Beef company - to see the place use. We went The nation winter we joined with a river that they wore Airthe: in the the middle of comes from the to pass that sujnne bassadors. in received us lake and empties That the fort,m who gladly itself in the- - of River of AJ..,.s.4t L sane, S1!fls. r.IYC -

11. 1 AFFI1ATIV. PrDQt the 1. Who Ar-, the Chrietinos. uprt 2. What 1ak is Radieson referrins to -to ttte t.Ofl 3. What routes from take Superior to James Bay could Radisson ° the have taken 1L Whose old hcus# could Radiason have seen, ‘teD 5. Ar-i t-ierq many ducks on Jamas Bay 6, ‘that could Radisson have meant by cows. What animals are a on J4rns Bay which look similar to cows Id such -- $. Oatltne the Sauenay - Tadousac carje route. L. sovet3gtfle. 8. 5 a What reasons could be suggested to explain the lack of aD pertS detail in dscribtrag the route to and trom James Bay. Purther Information. antis °" Hudson states that he had built a house on James Bay in They - 2. 1611. The l3udson’s ay Company constructed their first the to Port post. Charles "upon the ruins of a House which çth’ had been bi1t ther, about So years befere by tin nflish.tt ‘ theP Xegative. thS Badisson wtte j-. his n8rrattve in 1668-1669 hue waiting resoutces - for the Hudson flay Company to send its erpedittort to Ja,s Bay What motive would Radisson have for t*lling the nglIsh that he already krtw of the rich fur resources of Jones Bay. 5. ghat,2nyts 2. The Jesuit H latton of 1659--1660 states that Father terDt0t’ Pruillettes tensor meeting Awatanik. an 1wonkin who left Creen ERY in June. 1658, passed the &zmm,r and er e these 6. 4h1 fpllowing winter on talc, Superior, covered a 100 leagues of mit9 territory to Jaes B9y coasted alon th, lay arid reached the SaRuenay by a river connecttn with La;

llhat was the significance of RS4Isson’s voyage to take Superior. and his contact with Indans who traded with the Cree of the North.

Followtng the return of Rndtsson and Gruseill:ers with a 1ar number of prime furs from take Superior, both fur traders were havity fined for ma1ing the trip wtthout the permission of the Governor of New Prance. Consequently Rpdisson and Groseilliera travelled to England to. obtain English support for a sea oxpeitton to James Bay. The yy Compaq Contd

r ¶rade ?uron Hudson’sBay.

the estntlishment by the ng1ish of a p,st on £upert’s River in 1668, the French rafldl.y became eerned. Intenderit Talon of New France itt 1670 wrote to Colb,rt in France concrnin his actions towards the ni,11sh.

N I learn by tI return of the A1g6,,quios, wbo will w3n4x thh year at Tadoussac, that two European vessels have been seen Vtfl near Kdson’s bsy, si-here they "cabanerit," a the Indians er I -- it the In.aning is that they i/t I,edliogs]. After reecting on aU - as âr North as hat,- I Cii ‘ * tile nátlor3s that might have peaetrate light oaly on the English, who, under the gtidance of a man name4 ------Des Grozeliers, formerly an inhabitant of Canada, might possibly - - have attepte4 the DavJgaTion, pl irself not much known and not Jest dangerous. I intend aispatching thither over land some maa of - rcsIution to invite the KiUs6nons [Creed, who are in great num ber, in the vicinity of that Bay, th come down to see us, as the Ottawas do, M order that we mayJiae the £rst pick of what the 4 latter savages bring 125, who, acting as pedlars betvcei, those nations and us, make us pay for a roundabout of three or four hutdred - - .1 iracues. - - -

Source: Nate. G. Caesars of’ theWilderness. p. 11.6. What was th’ reaction of Talon to the English Row did he plan to prevent trade by the Cree with the English. I The Couroar de BoSs The Pedlen caiPd Cou,et.n de B* espon from beoce evy year searnl Csnows Full of Merchandise, wgOi they dispose of among all the Savage Ksdous a! the Cocsew by Way of exchange for Beava-Sdns. Seven or eight days ago. I saw twency-fivn or thiny of these Canow return with boa’y Cirgoes; eacii Canow was manad yt.vo or three Men, and canjd tventy hundred weight, i.t forty pavcs of Beaver Skins, which are worth an hwdred Croms a piece. These Canows bad been a year and eigbtnn Months out. You would be amnd if you saw bow lewd these Ptdl&ts art when they return; how they Feast and Came, and how prodigal they ST2 Dot o&v to their C1oaths nt upon Wa,’en. Such of ‘em s at mantd, have the wisdot,, La retire to their own Houses; but the Batehelors act just as our East-India-Men, and Pirates aye wont to do; for they Lash. Eat. the Drink, arid Play all away as as the Goods hold out; and when these are tcr Mas Ions nes gone, they e’en sell their Embroidery, their lace. and their Cloaths. This Bay dooe, th are forc’d to go upon a New Voyago for Subsistans.’ oft Oøfleed4 Source: Ecoles, lq. J. Phq CanadiRn Frontier 153k to1760 p. 8 Sourc0. -.::" a’ On, A. S.A,q 1. who wer, the coureur de bats. How did they travel. For what did they trade p. Would & 5 2. ths coureur do bait pose a threat to the Fudson Day Company. flplaiti.

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