A Special Report from Kathryn Marshall on INSIDE What The State Bar Will Find in South Africa THE

13 S A Journal of Free Voices ERVE November 28, 1980 R75 Because this man is being interviewed in a deserted hotel . . .

. . . these guys are having the times of their lives .

. . . this man is no longer unemployed.

Seems like old times. Advance/Rod Davis

Second Chance

"In democracy .. you get what you agree upon." George Reedy, press secretary to President Lyndon B. Johnson "You can't always get what you want, but if you try sometime, you might find, you get what you need." From "You Can't Always Get What You Want," lyrics by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, performed on Let It Bleed, London Records. The Texas So, the bad news is delivered: the Democratic Party has been rent at the seams. It doesn't know what it stands for or whom it kiJBSERVER PUBLISHER, RONNIE DUGGER may claim as friends. It has been busted up pretty badly. It has °The Texas Observer Publishing Co., 1980 been factionalized even by its own standards. It has been raided. It has no leaders and no program. Vol. 72, No. 23 November 28, 1980 On election night, Land Commissioner Bob Armstrong said the nation "was ready for a change . . . and took it out on Incorporating the State Observer and the East Texas Democrat, Carter." That conclusion is a good deal deeper than it may which in turn incorporated the Austin Forum-Advocate. sound. What was taken out on Carter, on a national level, was taken out on the party as a whole. Think of the frustrations: EDITOR Rod Davis unprecedented inflation, depression-style unemployment, ASSOCIATE EDITOR Laurence Jolidon paralysis among the nations of the world. There were reasons LAYOUT: Beth Epstein for all this -- U.S. banks financing catastrophic third world STAFF ASSISTANTS: Susan Reid, Bob Sindertnann Jr. deficits for short-term gain, domestic corporations abdicating CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Warren Burnett, Jo Clifton, Chandler social responsibility, the OPEC cartel — but most people could Davidson, John Henry Faulk, Bill Helmer, Jack Hopper, Molly Ivins, Maury Maverick Jr., Kaye Northcott, Dick J. Reavis, Laura Richardson, Paul not understand the big picture, if for no other reason than that it Sweeney, Lawrence Walsh, Alfred Watkins was not shown them. CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Keith Dannemiller, Roy Ham- tic, Hans-Peter Otto, Alan Pogue, Bob Clare, Phyllis Frede, Russell Lee It went beyond the economics. The people of America were CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS: Berke Breathed, Jeff Danziger, Dan Hubig, hurt and deflated by two decades of war and perfidy. 'In 1976, Ben Sargent, Mark Stinson they had turned to Carter, the outsider, asking for a return to decency and to self-respect. The president was decent; his ad- A journal of free voices ministration was a debacle. Enter Reagan, and the possibility — nothing more than the possibility — of deliverance. To where We will serve no grthup or party but will hew hard to the truth as we didn't matter. Jimmy Carter was a failed savior and people find it and the right as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole truth, to human 'values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the couldn't stand to look at him. His dismissal was poetic. foundation of democracy; we will take orders from none but our own It was not poetic that so many others went with him — conscience, and never will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to serve the interests of the powerful or cater to the ignoble in the human Church, McGovern, Bayh, Magnuson — and that, not the Rea- spirit. gan presidency, is the problem. The U.S. Senate, the club of Writers are responsible for their own work, but not for anything they clubs, is in control of the Republican right. In a time of what have not themselves written, and in publishing them we do not necessar- appears to be an alarming international level of belligerence, the ily imply that we agree with them because this is a journal offree voices. war powers of this country are to be wielded by a White House-Senate pincer with a proven record for inflicting vio- lence and economic terror. It is difficult to predict who will pay BUSINESS MANAGER Cliff Olofson most dearly for this, Americans who will be robbed of vital social services in favor of increased military armaments or third The Texas Observer world countries who will become battlegrounds for imperial (ISSN 0040-4519) marketing wars. Editorial and Business Office We are in the opening round of an historic crisis for the Amer- 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 (512) 477-0746 ican nation. Those who wish to get us through this must under- stand the gravity of the situation. The strategy of the New Right Publisher's Office . will be to lull us into thinking nothing very much will change; P.O. Box 6570, San Antonio, Texas 78209 slowly we will find the platform of acceptable discussion has (512) 828-1044 after 4 p.m. Published by Texas Observer Publishing Co., biweekly except for a three-week inter- drifted starboard with our new leaders, who will parade every val between issues twice a year, in. January and July; 25 issues per year. Second-class rightest scam they can think of under the banner of "the Reagan postage paid at Austin, Texas. mandate." We will have a death penalty, unless the House Single copy (current or back issue) 75V prepaid. One year. $18: two years. $34; three years, $49. One year rate for full-time students, $12. Airmail, foreign, group, and bulk blocks it; we will experience environmental rape; we will rates on request. re-arm in order to launch expeditionary wars; Latin America Microfilmed by MCA, 1620 Hawkins Avenue, Box 10, Sanford. N.C. 27330. will be a place only Gen. Stroessner could love; blacks will die POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. (Continued on page 16) '74:7 '47=1 2 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 Cover photos: John HID, and William P. Clements Jr. by Alan Pogue; by Brigitte Lueck; Texas prisoners by Danny Lyons. Gov. Clements enters GOP victory celebration in Austin.

Democratic Stronghold Revisited Austin not torn down, the legislative chambers more than a few of the rank-and-file were If there's such a 'thing as a political were not destroyed, even the party atomized. At the Stephen F. Austin neutron bomb, that's what hit the Demo- headquarters were physically intact, but hotel, where some Pollyannas had crats of Texas Nov. 4. The Capitol was the office-holders and the leaders and scheduled a victory rally on election

Democratic victory party in Austin. THE TEXAS OBSERVER 3 night, you couldn't find enough Demo- supporters, and mounted a temporary Carter effort spent under $1.5 million. crats to share a cab. The cheese dip was stage at the front of the room. The GOP plugged into 36 state races, still plentiful by midnight. One television Clements was grinning so wide you'd where Republican candidates often spent reporter told her audience it was so de- have thought he just punched out Sec- more than a half million dollars per shot. serted she was leaving to find some ac- retary of State Mark White. For the A quirky example of the disparity in ex- tion. event, the governor was resplendent in penditures was found in , where The search needn't have proceeded rust-colored trousers and tasteful beige both Democrats and Republicans far. Just six blocks away, down at the sport coat. Whenever possible, he stood worked the black wards extensively. Sheraton Crest, where Congress Avenue near his wife, Rita, who has a kind of Democratic ward-walkers got $20 per meets the Colorado River, several hun- strong-jawed good looks that is kind to day; the Republicans got up to $75. (One dred Republicans were having the times friends and hell on enemies. On the wag explained that you have to make a of their lives, which, for Republicans, whole, Rita seemed more suited to the lot more to walk a black ward as a Re- might not be that big of a deal, but which, gathering. Bill can't escape the look of publican). for Texas politics, signaled the coming of being on his way to an AmVets meeting Besides money, the state Republicans a new and dangerous political age the ' in Seguin; if it weren't for the narrow- invested time and personalities in the likes of which we've never seen. The ness of his eyes he would pass for a race. Clements and Connally toured the likes of which the Democrats — despite Houston union man. Too bad he isn't. state endlessly on behalf of GOP candi- early warnings from William P. Clements The Connallys outclassed everyone dates. Celebrities such as Roger Jr.'s upset win over John Hill in 1978 — else. Nellie in particular has a kind of Staubach were trotted out. The GOP were unprepared for, philosophically as sweetness that makes it impossible not phone bank called millions of Texans. It well as tactically. to like her, no matter how you feel about was, as Clements suggested, a first-rate Riding like the horsemen of the Big John, who, except for a considerable campaign project. apocalypse on the coattails of Ronald bulge around the middle, looked eminent Carter/Mondale staffers say they also Reagan, the state GOP knocked off two and photogenic as ever. This was his first key Senate Democrats, picked up 11 worked very hard, and cite the turnout in occasion of public joy in quite some black and Hispanic wards. An estimated seats in the House, finally overthrew time, and he clearly enjoyed himself, their great Houston nemesis, U.S. Rep. 480,000 Hispanics voted, a 60 percent yea, even as he cut a wide verbal swath turnout, and 80-85 percent of them went , staved off an attack through his vanquished tormentors. against U.S. Rep. Ron Paul in a vulnera- to Carter. Carter's black margin was "George McGovern bit the dust to- even higher, about 93 percent. But the ble district, and came close to unseating night," said Connally to the greatest ap- Congressman Jim Mattox. De- black rate of turnout in Houston was plause of the evening. "And so did Birch only about 40 percent of those regis- spite a heart-rending loyalty from His- Bayh of Indiana." Second greatest ap- panic and black voters to the Democratic tered, compared to nearly twice that plause, also some war whoops. "We're among affluent whites (same thing hap- ticket, the Republicans seized on a na- looking at the possibility of . . . absolute tional disgust with President Jimmy Car- pened in Dallas). This seemed to empha- control of the U.S. Senate." Then Con- size Carter's problem: his natural con- ter and ambushed targets of choice. nally relayed news of Bob Eckhardt's NBC gave Texas to Reagan at 7:02 p.m. stituencies either abstained or went over impending defeat, tacked on some other to the opposition, while his predictable and former Gov. John Connally said, for • congressional races, and predicted con- the first of several times that evening, foes rallied in force. Carter also got 'trol of the U.S. House of Representa- dumped in rural Texas, where he had "We've been set back eight years by ,tives in 1982. Watergate and you haven't seen the end won in 1976, and this was directly trace- of it . . . Texas will become a strong Re- "Tonight is a victory for us, I assure able to the administration's alienation of publican state by the end of the decade." you," Connally beamed, "but not exactly nearly every segment of American ag- This, he said, would constitute a "refor- the way we originally planned it." The riculture. Some insiders said the Carter mation" of politics. audience laughed at this reference to campaign came on too late and was Connally's $17 million GOP primary en- never able to overcome the Reagan As in most of what Connally, an ex- deavor which netted one delegate at the momentum. Others believe that no cam- Democrat, says, fact must be sorted from Detroit convention. But Connally said paign could have saved Carter in Texas. wishful projection. The fact is, the GOP that didn't bother him because "at The latter view would appear to be borne was unable to mount any statewide cam- whatever cost, by whatever means, we out by the obvious ticket-splitting paign, except for a seat on the Supreme had to change the leadership of this epidemic. Even in areas where Carter Court, where Clements' choice, Will country." That had been done, he said, got beat, other Democrats survived. Al- Garwood, was beaten decisively. Al- and the figures on the electoral map sup- together, about 4.5 million Texans voted though the Republicans scored some ported him. for a president, a turnout of 68 percent. glamor victories, they did not penetrate But Reagan got 55 percent of that and more than 8-10 percent of the nearly Clements, introducing Texas cam- paign coordinators Rick Shelby and Er- Carter took only 43 percent. 5,000 public offices up for grabs. Only * * * about one fifth of Texas' 6.6 million reg- nest Angelo, said the credit for the Rea- istered voters are Republican. They are gan landslide in Texas was due to more visible today than a decade ago, to superior organization and strategy as A Little Salt be sure, but the sizzle of their banquet well as the efforts of 40,000 volunteers. As might have been expected, Clem- oughtn't to deceive anyone that the "Texas has become a model as to how a ents was not one to allow election even- steaks on the plates are small and rather campaign should be structured and run," ing to pass without pouring salt into the gristly. he said. "No state has had the kind of wounds of the foe. First he said, "If I volunteer organization that we've had." were a person inclined to say I told you Celebration Clements didn't say anything about so, I would, but I won't." Just after 8:30 p.m., Connally and money, which of course was the magic Then, as if it were bursting from in- Gov. Clements walked up the stairs to ingredient. The Republicans had lots and side, Clements let his supporters know the second floor ballroom of the Shera- spent it. The Reagan campaign was that he really did hate Jimmy Carter in ton, parted a crowd of about 500 ecstatic budgeted at about $3 million, while the the kind of deep-down, jaw-busting way 4 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 he had been telling us since he was inau- date that says, minority or majority, we John Hill showed up for a few minutes gurated in 1979. "I just want to express don't want any laggards and we don't and were interviewed on television. to you my enthusiasm about Jimmy Car- want any deadbeats and we don't want Gonzalo Barrientos, an Austin legislator, ter going back to Georgia to raise any cheaters. I think the American peo- was there. Jim Hightower stuck around peanuts," Clements said. "I want him to ple are very compassionate people. I for awhile. Comptroller Bob Bullock, go back to Georgia and raise peanuts and think they want the essential programs Hill and a few others were hosting pri- let's forget about that guy." for welfare and health carried on, just as vate parties around town, but most Gov. Reagan says he will, but I think Democrats stayed home. So, at the they want those programs tightened, and Stephen F. Austin it was mostly film Later in the evening, Clements and crews, hired dancers, an extremely Connally slipped over to a side room set just as Gov. Reagan says — that he wants to support the programs but he lonely band, and the bartenders, one of up for a press conference. The principal doesn't want to spend most of the money whom just had a baby boy named Chris- news was that Clements would push for supporting a bureaucracy that takes out topher, for whom tips were enthusi- a job in the Reagan administration for a big bite of the appropriation before it astically solicited. At least somebody Connally, probably in the cabinet. Clem- ever gets to the intended users. I think was getting something from the evening. ents restated his disinclination to accept they do want some reforms in the whole Here's to Christopher, may he grow up a Washington job for himself, although bureacracy of this country. I think they to be the first black on the U.S. Supreme later it was announced that he will serve want reforms in the agencies and de- Court since Thurgood Marshall, and may on the Reagan transition team which also Thurgood Marshall be in good health for includes Texans Anne Armstrong and at least eight years. James Baker. "I have said this repeatedly. I don't What Next? know how many times I have to repeat In addition to shell-shock, the election this," the governor told reporters. "I will produced among Texas Democrats a not under any circumstances take any widespread feeling that the party must job in Washington, DC. What else can I engage in some long overdue soul- say?" searching. It must come out of the proc- Connally, in contrast, seemed to savor ess with two things: leaders and pro- the idea of a return to national power, grams. So far, there are two general despite what seemed ritual denials. "I camps. One, perhaps represented by thought his (Clements') statement was John Hill, Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby, House very strong," Connally said. "Mine Speaker Billy Clayton, Sen. Lloyd would just be strong. I have no idea that Bentsen, and other old-line moderate/ I'll be offered a job . . . I don't want ajob conservatives, are making it known that, . . . and I'm not sure any of them have in their opinion, the 1980 election was a persuasive powers enough to get me to signal for the party to move back to the accept one." center, which they perceive it abandoned "That's mighty strong," Clements in the early '70s. But another group, in interjected. which one might lump Hightower, Mick- ey Leland, Bernardo Eureste, Ruben "I think that's strong, but it's not very 0 (0 strong." Connally replied. Sandoval, the Kent Caperton-Gary CD Mauro crowd, and other liberal/ "Well," Clements continued, "I'll tell Clements progressive/maverick/insurgent types, you one person who might be persuading sense that the old party is breaking up you, and that's me." Turning toward the partment to do away with, and repeal and that there's room for an entirely new cameras, Clements added, "He might be and eliminate many of the unnecesary generation of leadership. able to fend me off at first, but I'll be a rules and regulations that today harass "We need leaders," said one party person who is recruiting John Connally the American people." to take a position in Washington. I think worker. "That's what will win elec- The Connally-Clements stage show he has something to offer this country tions." Who those leaders will be, and was the high point of the evening, at least what programs they will undertake, will . . . I think that he should be used in a publicly. A certain amount of rejoicing be the subject of great contention in the administration in Washington." can be presumed to have been in prog- ensuing months. Although the (A little earlier, when arriving at the ress on the upper floors of the hotel, to November results would appear to be a victory party, Connally had alluded to whence the stars had retired. The ordi- repudiation of the moderate/conser- the probability of his salvation under a nary Republicans stayed in the ball room vative faction, they are not a group that Reagan administration. "I've been in drinking at $1.75 per shot who else but will go away politely. A coalition on the politics all my life. When you see them Republicans would still be charging for left, if there is to be one, will have to carry me away in a pine box, you'll know drinks the night of a victory which Con- organize early and extensively. I'm through.") nally called "one of the most significant And find a potful of money. So long Connally told the news conference the in the history of American politics." as there are no state limits on how much Reagan victory was "a mandate for this Over at the Driskill another Republican a campaign may spend, the wealthy will nation" and that priorities would be party was allegedly in progress, but al- buy the elections. The architects of given to tax relief, cutting back regu- though people were plentiful, they were American democracy never envisioned latory powers and trimming the bureauc- all sober and — another mark of Repub- media budgets and there is no reason racy. He was asked whether the election licans — still comporting themselves as why advertising agencies and television results might also be a mandate against if being evaluated. stations and newspaper advertising de- the poor and minorities. He replied: The Democrats at the Stephen F. Aus- partments should set the terms for the "No I don't think it's a mandate tin were comporting themselves as if selection of public candidates. One of against the minorities. I think its a man- they didn't exist. Bob Armstrong and the first items on the progressive agenda THE TEXAS OBSERVER 5 small, cluttered room, Eckhardt smiled, lighted a cigar and took a sip of his drink. In the bright light, his red, squarish bow tie took on a roseate glow. A small piece of paper was tacked to the wall facing him. On it were written the words: "THAT'S IT." That was it. That was .the day the last lion of Texas liberalism in the U.S. Con- gress felt the Republican landslide rum- ble beneath him and his perch give way after seven precarious terms in the House of Representatives. At that hour, only a few thousand votes separated Eckhardt and his top Toe, attorney . And there were only seven boxes uncounted out of the 119 in the 8th Congressional District. "When we get it down to six," Eck- hardt had joked earlier, "it'll be like a

revolver with a bullet in every

ed chamber." The grimness of his humor re- n

pi flected the mood of defeat that pervaded the gritty, be-postered headquarters. A JON J few women cried, but most everyone SI Eckhardt was stoical. The least concerned appeared to be the congressman. The most troubled words he spoke all evening, at least in Last Dpy public, were, "It's pretty rough, pretty rough," when someone observed that the of the Lion Reagan landslide was approaching his- toric proportions, and later: "My oppo- nent had made deep inroads into my tra- At 2 a.m. on the morning after Hur- was the uniform of the block-walkers ditional areas of support." ricane. Ronnie, Congressman Bob Eck- and telephone-bank squads; and various hardt was sitting with his feet propped up staff members wearing wrinkled shirts The proof was in the precinct returns. on a desk in a small office that was the and wrinkled brows. The blacks had held. The blue-collar most private space' to be found in his Crowded in the doorway were an as- whites had given way. noisy, concrete-floored re-election sortment of news people, who parted Labor leader Sam Dawson, brought in headquarters. momentarily to let pass an aide bearing for the final surge to save the district Around him were his wife, Celia, in a the congressman's familiar ivory Panama (long under attack by the GOP but never brown, robe-like dress; one of his daugh- — which Eckhardt accepted and placed an attack so well-funded) said he sensed ters, Sara, in pigtails and blue jeans and a lightly atop his long, gray mane. the loss at mid-day. red T-shirt inscribed with the letters As the lights from the television "The undecideds were all breaking the "EK" and the silhouette of a heart that strobes drove every shadow from the wrong way," said Dawson. "I told our

ought to be legislation to limit spending offered to dethrone the governor are still never got off the ground, or out of the for state offices. Certainly $3 million premature. They include Hill, though bean sprouts. The great spasm of pro- could cover a governor's race, for exam- Hill himself seems the most interested in gressive strength, the Hightower cam- ple, and $500,000 could do for statewide such a prospect; Buddy Temple, the paign for the Railroad Commission, was, contests. Those are generous terms, and newly elected Railroad Commissioner, after all, a Democratic Party drive and don't let campaign "media experts" tell who is perceived mostly as having Hightower is a Democrat right down to you differently — they're precisely the enough money to take on Clements; so his toenails, on the theory that the point people who benefit from political cam- far that's about all. Billy Clayton says is not to build a new constituency but to paign inflation. he's not interested. Other names are sure do better things with the ones that al- The other major item on the 1982 to come forward; hopefully they will be ready exist. The party provides the agenda is the dispatch of Clements from from the progressive left. mechanisms; it is susceptible to the governor's mansion. Some party Will there be a significant left move- grassroots influence, even takeover; but operatives are practically filing their ment outside the Texas Democratic it's got to do something. If it does not, teeth waiting for another go at Governor Party as a result of the election? At the then the answer to the opening question Bill. Eureste, a San Antonio - city coun- moment, few think so. The Anderson in this paragraph is likely to be yes by cilman, has publicly stated that "the groupies will drift to the Republicans 1983. target is Clements" in '82. Names being where they belong. The Citizens Party Davis 6 NOVEMBER 28, 1980

■■•441%.■*Notterpre,041pOirelokhl,-: erw• people on the street to concentrate on sive interests needing a voice in Wash- the accelerating influx of new residents our supporters." But there were fewer ington was the comfortable win of ex- who like their politics served up and fewer of them and, even with a re- Killer Bee Bill Patman of Ganado, who conservative-style, there were some who cord turnout in black precincts, the day, succeeded to the 14th District seat vac- said Eckhardt never did learn to like the and the race, went to the GOP. ated by Democrat Joe Wyatt after only a necessary chores of incumbency, the Eckhardt had gathered a war chest of single term. stroking and chin-chucking that are part about $250,000, a record for him but Of all the incumbents to pack away of most politicians' lot back home. The dwarfed by Fields' nearly $700,000, victories, perhaps the most surprising brilliant, scholarly and eloquent Eck- much of it from oil- and energy-related was House Majority Leader Jim Wright, hardt, it was said, would rather argue corporate PACs arid executives. who put down the challenge of former with a colleague in Congress than shake Rep. Jim Mattox of Dallas, who sur- Fort Worth Mayor pro tern Jim Brad- the hand of a constituent. shaw to win a 14th term. Wright's re- vived yet another close race against Re- A small but telling token of his style publican Tom Pauken to return to Con- election will guarantee him a significant came on election night in the storefront gress, said of the Eckhardt defeat, "I role in the expected challenge from Re- headquarters filled with red T-shirts and think the worst part about it is the oil publicans to Tip O'Neill's speakership soulful expressions. industry can basically say they beat a when the House convenes next January. A reporter asked Eckhardt if he congressman." Wright, in fact, may just find himself in a thought his style, which struck some as Eckhardt, of course, had been on the salubrious position should the more con- servative lower house be searching for a aloof, had contributed to his downfall. oil industry's hit list for years for his Eckhardt slowly pulled a folded passage championing of environmental concerns compromise, non-Massachusetts suc- cessor to Tip. from the coat pocket of his baggy, cord and, even worse as far as oil companies suit. were concerned, for aiding in the exten- When the dust settled, Democrats sion of federal control over oil prices. were still left with a hefty 19-5 advantage "I like to think this expresses very While Eckhardt was the only Texas in the Texas delegation, a fact that well my attitude on the subject," he said. incumbent to go down to defeat, his loss speaks to either the relative puniness of Then he donned his glasses and read was perhaps the most desired by the GOP congressional candidates in the aloud part of a 1790 essay by Edmund GOP and the most mourned by Texas state or the relative conservatism of the Burke, "To the Electors of Bristol," on Democrats now holding House seats, or liberals. the necessity of serving in public office, both. according to the dictates of one's con- "We're all devastated by what hap- science. pened," said national Democratic com- Members like J. J. "Jake" Pickle of mitteewoman Billie Carr of Houston. Austin, who easily fended off the chal- He stuck the essay back in his coat "This whole election has hit us all like a lenge of anti-busing neophyte John Big- pocket but pulled it out several times death in the family. We're all in a state of gar to rack up another term in Lyndon during the long night of vote-counting. Johnson's old district, keep the delega- shock." Then, as the hours drew toward dawn tion aimed at the center line in the * * * and the public career of Bob Eckhardt ideological road. drew to a close, he summed things up for Adding to the Democratic gloom in The left shoulder of that road was the supporters in the room and what few Houston on Black Tuesday was the nar- where Eckhardt had fought so long and diehards might still be watching election row defeat of a up-and-coming, aggres- hard to counter-balance the economic returns at home: sive, handsome-as-Redford Democrat and institutional weight of corporate named Mike Andrews, who lost a razor- power. In many ways, he was what Mat- "I don't regret it," he mused. "It's no thin race to GOP incumbent Ron Paul. tox called him: the "social conscience" fun to be in Congress unless you're your The other Houston-area congressman, of the delegation. own man." Democrat Mickey Leland, won in a While it is certainly true that Eck- The old lion in the red bow tie smiled walk. hardt's district in recent years has be- amid the cheers. Providing some optimism for progres- come increasingly Republican, thanks to L.J.

did go to the polls on Nov. 4 and here's what we came up with: The Texas Races: No The Railroad Commission Get set for a couple more years, mini- Surprises on the RRC; mum, of freewheeling rate hikes and land misuse. Jim Nugent, in his first test of voter confirmation after appointment by, Democrats Keep a Lock on ex-Gov. Dolph Briscoe, was elected for a two year term and Buddy Temple for six. Both are Democrats and both were the Judiciary; GOP Gains shoo-ins. Nugent drew a nearly nonexis- Something vanished from the Nov. 4 Hightower-Nugent slugfest, the tent challenge from Republican convert state elections that was present back in Carter-Kennedy battle, and some pretty and former state senator Doc Blanchard May for the primaries. It had something hot local races, like for sheriff in Dallas and a slightly more vocal one from to do with enthusiasm, which in turn was County and senator in Bryan, where Bill Libertarian David Hutzelman, but it was predicated on something to be enthusias- Moore got retired a little before nastiness never any contest. Temple, a state repre- tic about. In May there was the had run its course. Nonetheless, Texans sentative from Diboll and son of the THE TEXAS OBSERVER 7 In the Senate, the Killer Bees Get Swatted; Schwartz, Clower, and Jones Leave the Hive in a Major Upset of Liberals They got you, Babe. Okay, so they knocked off Jimmy Car- ter. We all expected him to bite the dust. As one Republican analyst said about THAT race, it wasn't only that Carter had ceased to believe in the Democratic Party and its principles, the Democratic Party had ceased to believe in Carter, and so the defeat of the Don of the Geor- gia Mafia was virtually a foregone con- clusion. And, of course, on the national circuit, they ambushed the obvious and vulnera- ble Riders of the Liberal Sage, the point McGovern; Deacon Church, Unbending Eco-hero Eckhardt in the House. men of what some call the idea-starved Bayh and Magnanimous Magnuson in But Schwartz, too? Yeah, Schwartz. liberal establishment: One-Punch the U.S. Senate; Brave Brademas and Right here on home turf. powerful Temple (Temple-Eastex) fami- on the state high court. It may also make quitted. We also talked about the elec- ly, was more or less unopposed by Hank recruitment of Republicans for the state tion and I think he was about as pleased Grover, a financially troubled former judiciary more difficult. The price seems as I am." Republican candidate for governor. Both to be prohibitive. Nugent and Temple accepted hundreds Fortunately, the GOP House gains in of thousands of dollars from the com- The House the general election may be offset by the panies they will be regulating. Temple is The statistics are that the GOP picked victories of moderates in the Democratic said to have spent $1 million in pursuit of up 11 seats in the 150-member House of primary, where 26 incumbents were be- his office. The third member of the RRC, Representatives, bringing the total of aten or retired voluntarily. The most im- Mack Wallace, was not up for election House Republicans to 36. (The GOP ac- portant liberal losses from both elections this year. tually won 13 House contests, but lost would include Reps. Dave Allred of two, making a net gain of 11.) That may Wichita Falls, Mary Jane Bode of Aus- Judiciary not really mean much in the House, be- tin, Bill Caraway of Houston, Mel There were only two statewide judicial cause it's already in control of conserva- Chavez of Harlingen, and Ron Waters of contests, and Democrats managed to tives and the lobbies. It's also in control Houston. Waters .tried for the Demo- beat Republicans in both. For Place 1 on of Billy Clayton, who came back from cratic Senate seat of Jack Ogg but was the Texas Supreme Court, Houston ap- his Brilab acquittal with a fourth term as defeated narrowly. Potential House lib- pellate judge and ex-state senator Jim speaker sewed up. erals Joyce Dorrycott of San Antonio Wallace, a Democrat, had little trouble Clayton says he has at least 98 pledges and Joe Moron of Beeville were de- with Austin Republican Jim Brady, tak- and went so far as to parade a few dozen feated by Republicans. The replacement by Republicans of conservative Demo- ing about 59 percent of the vote. of his backers before the Capitol press The hardest-fought judicial race was just after the election. The new House crats, such as Bill Slack of Pecos or Rep. that between incumbent Republican Will Republicans are in Clayton's corner to a Bob Hendricks of McKinney, should Garwood, appointed to Place 4 on the soul, with the support of Clements. Cle- make very little practical difference in Supreme Court by Gov. Clements, and ments and Clayton are so cozy that on figuring legislative strength. C. L. Ray, a Democratic appellate judge election night, at about 7:30 p.m., Cle- It is also worth noting that no matter endorsed by the Texas AFL-CIO. Gar- ments left the GOP victory party to talk what Clements would like, the House wood, a millionaire, spent almost to the speaker over at the Capitol. Said Republicans won't necessarily vote as a $700,000 trying to retain his post. Ray Clements: "We talked about how bloc. Rep. Gonzalo Barrientos, had attacked Garwood for potential con- pleased I was with the fact that he was D-Austin, says, "I don't take it that all flicts of interests because of Garwood's acquitted, and I prayed for him and he the Republicans will be 100 percent bad. numerous business affairs, and the vot- knew that I was, and I have a very high I want to meet these guys and find out ers agreed. This was also a defeat for regard for Bill Clayton, as he knew that I what's in their brains." Clements, who wanted one of his boys did, and I am delighted that he was ac- The House leadership is pretty much 8 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 He was Marciano in the clinches, Dar- "a lot of ducking" going on, while were Democrats, the betting is that Gov. row in the debates. We should name a middle-of-the-road and newly-elected Clements won't veto legislative redis- candy bar after him. members test the political breezes blow- tricting plans coming out of the House And following him to the canvas this ing through the Capitol. and Senate unless he sees them as blat- last time out were Ron Clower and Gene Doggett and Truan simply see their antly anti-Republican. He would pin his Jones. Throw in Bill Patman, who res- jobs as being that much tougher than be- hopes then, presumably, on a court chal- igned to run successfully for Congress, fore. lenge, a good possibility in any case. and all of a sudden a fourth of the Killer Lacing up his rhetorical running Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby thinks there is a Bees are gone from the hive. shoes, Doggett said, "Last session it was good possibility that court challenges of Only Patman was replaced by a Dem- horrible. The lobby ran rampant . . . it the Census results themselves will keep ocrat, John T. Wilson of La Grange. The will again. the necessary data out of the .hands of other three were dumped by Republicans "And we'll be worse off, without the President — and, thus, the legisla- backed by the Associated Republicans of Babe, Gene Jones, Clower . . . it is going tures in states where significant minority Texas, who threw $200,000 into targeted to be much more difficult." undercounts are suspected — until after legislative races, including those involv- Says Truan: "Since there will not be as the regular session has adjourned. ing Schwartz, Clower and Jones. many of us, those whose policy is to go along to get along will tend to go with the It will also fall to the legislature to re- That leaves a few white hats. Lloyd - district for the state's congressional • establishment." Doggett of Austin, Carlos Truan of Cor- seats, which are expected to increase by pus Christi and Oscar Mauzy of Dallas, Underlying the new alignment of polit- two or three over the current 24 thanks standing rather naked in the cold, con- ical forces in the Legislature next term to Sunbelt in-migration. servative well of the Senate. will be the all-important face-off over re- Kent Caperton, who pulled off his big districting on the basis of the 1980 Cen- But if no plan for seats in Congress can "coup in the primary by upsetting the vul- sus figures. be devised and agreed upon by both . nerable Bill ("Bull of the Brazos") If the two houses can't agree on plans houses, the governor by law must call a Moore, is still an unproven and unknown to realign their respective districts, the special session to hammer it out. The quantity when it comes to safeguarding task goes to a legislative redistricting main task of the Democrats, obviously, consumer and noncorporate interests. committee made up of the lieutenant will be to try to draw some congressional district lines that minimize the effect of Wise heads like the Texas Civil Liber- governor, the house speaker, the attor- the rapid influx of new Republican vot- ties Union's John Duncan think the first ney general and the land commissioner. several weeks of the next session will see Since all of these (last time we looked) (Continued on page 17)

intact with Reps. Gib Lewis of Fort Worth, Bill Presnal of Bryan, Bob Davis of Irving (a Republican), and the flexible, or pragmatic, of Hous- ton. Such "opposition" as may develop will come roughly from the groups which supported Rep. John Bryant's bid for the Signal to the speaker's chair, a quest which died with the Brilab acquittal as if delivered of a blow between the eyes with a sledgehammer. Among the probable Progressive Left 30-40 loyal dissenters: Reps. Byant, Bar- rientos, Ron Coleman and Paul Moreno of El Paso and Paul Ragsdale of Dallas. By Alfred J. Watkins challenger in 1984, he will have to "forget all the McGovern stuff' and ad- Speaker Clayton has vowed in his Within minutes after the polls closed, just to the new conservative mood. Still fourth term to be a fair man, a kind of political pundits began evaluating the other party officials lamented the fact elder statesman promising harmony in electoral carnage that decimated the that they had no conservative leader the coming fray. He even damned Democratic Party. Almost unanimously, with sufficient stature to head the party. Bryant with faint praise for having the they agreed that the 1980 returns sig- They suggested tht Daniel Moynihan and courage to run against him. That sounds nalled a new conservative era in Amer- Jerry Brown might preside over the par- good in November, but the test will come ican politics. All three networks, for ex- ty's march to the right and become the in January in the form of committee as- ample, suggested that Reagan's election Democrats' version of Ronald Reagan signments and designation of major legis- and Republican gains in the Senate indi- and Barry Goldwater. lation. No one seems to be sure what will cated a massive shift to the right. Demo- happen to some of Gov. Clements' pet cratic Party officials concurred. Liberal In many respects, the election results projects, namely wiretapping, initiative stalwart Morris Udall opined, "people do suggest that the voters have re- and referendum. Clayton has said he will are asking for a little less government pudiated both the Democratic Party and give formulation of a new campaign con- and a little less interference." According liberal nostrums. However, it would be a tribution bill top priority. Otherwise, it to the Wall Street Journal, a Democratic grave mistake to equate this to a massive figures to be a bad year for farmworkers Party "professional" remarked that if conservative shift in voter sentiment. (Clayton is currently suing some of Senator Kennedy wants to be a serious In the first place, voter discontent was them), consumers, labor, Chicanos, directed at the entire Democratic Party; blacks, teachers . . . oh, you know. Alfred J. Watkins is a contributing it was not confined solely to the liberal Davis editor of The Texas Observer. (Continued on page 20) THE TEXAS OBSERVER 9

, .mpoetd*. Mr. • Bar of Dark

alkiz 4,1140 :Ra By Kathryn Marshall Fine, but Johannesburg's skyline resembles that of a certain Philadelphia North Texas city, and its nouveau riche, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, are culturally not unlike some White Amer- I recently got a call from a Dallas lawyer, a former neighbor, ican Southern Protestants — he who had heard I'd spent the summer in South Africa. The Texas could end up wondering why he hadn't simply stayed in Big D and blown his $2,599 on a State Bar, he said, is sponsoring two "get-away-from-winter vacations" in January and February weekend at the Fairmont. "Yeah, but it also says 'an in-depth [Obs., Oct. 31] and would tour of this vital and progressive democratic country' —" the "deluxe South African adventure" be worth his $2,599? Well, that depended on what the Bar was interested in seeing I told him he might as well sign on for a trip to Disney World. — parts of South Africa had struck me as remarkably like Tex- South Africa is a police state. At the heart of "this vital and as. The Great Karoo could pass for the Trans-Pecos Desert, and progressive democratic country" is the Nationalist Party's doc- those mean little Free State dorps could be Panhandle towns. trine of apartheid (literally, "apartness," or separation of the "Says here we'll be spending a lot of time in Johannesburg —" races). Although racial discrimination has been part of South 10 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 had their Cape Dutch gingerbread restored, and the stucco facades wore fresh pastels. Marja's was the odd white house on a block of pinks and blues. For fifteen minutes I sipped tea in her living room, sur- rounded by dark wood and a store of private treasures: intaglios of Blackstone and Lord Coke, a bust of Louis Botha, shells that caught the light. Marja came in and out, bringing fruit and ness sandwiches, while four small dogs eyed me from underneath the buffet. Finally she sat down, started a cigarette, and replaced the teapot with a decanter; it was going to storm, she said, and didn't the wind make me nervous? She was curled into an overstuffed chair, a long-legged, dark-haired, overly made-up woman who could have been thirty-five but was, I knew, twenty-eight. She was also very beautiful. No, the wind didn't make me nervous. "Everything makes me nervous," she said. "I'm better than I African life for three centuries, when the Nats came to power in used to be — at least now I can sleep. But I still wake up with 1948 racism was not merely authorized but actually commanded headaches, and sometimes I have nightmares . . . . And there's by legislation. Year by year, as black nationalism swept south the fear and self-censorship one learns to live with. For in- toward what is now the only white-ruled country in Africa, the stance, speaking to you now — in my own living room — I feel Nats tightened their stranglehold on political dissent; most legal so paranoid . . . . Really, how do I know BOSS isn't listening opposition now has been effectively silenced. behind the walls?" One of the few voices the Nats still tolerate is that of the BOSS is the Bureau for State Security, the strong arm of the Progressive Federal Party. The Progs are an introspective Nat regime. It was created in 1969 to oversee South African clique brought together by outrage and circumstance, whites military intelligence and the activities of the national police who, in a country where politics is fate, are caught in the frus- forces's security branch. BOSS's powers, both de jure and de trating bind of political irrelevance. Almost all are wealthy or at facto, are notoriously far-reaching. Although under South Afri- least very well off, and despite their outrage are terribly well- can common law an individual is entitled to all freedoms not mannered. Among them is a lawyer I wish my Dallas friend denied him by statute, the statutes encroaching on civil rights would look up should he opt for the "deluxe South African are many and detailed. The right to a secure home, for example, adventure." is undermined by the Criminal Procedure Act, which allows any This woman — I'll call her Maria — could fill him in on the security agent to enter any premises at any time without a war- workings of Nat machinery. She could also tell him what's be- rant — Fourth Amendment search-and-seizure protections are come, since 1948, of some of South Africa's most able lawyers: nonexistent. Bram Fischer, Communist Party leader and the model for "And yet what threat am I to the internal security of the Lionel Burger of Nadine Gordimer's Burger's Daughter (died in republic? I don't do anything but make money and spend it. Oh, prison); Nelson Mandela, leader of the banned radical political I work for women's rights, but women's rights doesn't count for organization, the African National Congress (serving his sev- much in a country where the only game is human rights. And I enteenth year of a life sentence); and Black Consciousness stopped playing the game four years ago." leader Barney Pityana (in exile) — to name a few of the better- She snuffed out her cigarette between the polished lips of a known. But most shocking because most immediate, Maria conch. Then she took two sandwich halves and divided them could describe what's happened not only to her own career at evenly; the dogs, all four of therri, had climbed into the chair. the bar but also to what you might call her soul. In short, she "You don't have to tell me I'm a cynic — I know it. But how could show him South Africa "democracy" without the spit and much could I take? They detained my husband. They harassed polish — something the touring Texans, alas, aren't likely to me throughout my pregnancy. They're even — I know I sound see. like a nut — trying to drive me insane . . . ." She lit another Maria cigarette, Suddenly she got up, spilling the dogs onto the rug. If their bona fides look good, American journalists can travel "Do you like gramophones? I bought a super gramophone in the Prog circuit and never want for a place to stay. Names and Kingwilliamstown for three hundred rand. Old records, too —" phone calls in Jo'burg will get them bed and board in Natal, and Maria went over to the corner, cranked the thing to life and they can count on the Durban Progs to set them up with those in we heard "Yes, I Have No Bananas" all the way through, three the Cape. times. Then she put on "St. Louis Blues." The machine ran I first heard of Maria at a Prog dinner party near Pieter- down in mid-song. maritzburg. Someone mentioned that a young feminist attorney She shrugged. The wind had started up. in the Cape had been asked to stand for Parliament. That was all "The country is diseased, you know. Alcoholism, heart at- until, over liqueurs, the lady to my left asked the gentleman to tacks, divorces, fatal motor crashes — our per capita rates are my right if he thought the feminist attorney would accept. "She the highest in the world. We also lead the world in executions — hasn't made up her mind. I'm afraid she's a bit cynical." "Well, ten or eleven people are hanged each month, most of them after what she went through," the lady said and downed a shot black, of course. And you can trace the degeneration of South of brandy. I asked for details and my table partners offered to Africa to the degeneration of its legal order. We inherited the make a call. "You'll be in the Cape," they said. "You ought to English and the Roman-Dutch law, but everything those sys- stay with her." tems stand for has gone by the board: habeas corpus, the rule One grey afternoon several weeks later I drove into a port against hearsay evidence, the right to counsel immediately on city, bought a map and made my way to Marja's house. I was on arrest, the rules restricting arrest without warrant, the right to a rise overlooking the Indian Ocean, where the streets, at first silence . . . . Oh, Christ, you name it, it's gone. It's all been sight, reminded me of Russian Hill. The newly gentrified houses sacrificed to the law of apartheid." THE TEXAS OBSERVER 11 Christian principles, in conjunction with lier provisions covering sabotage and de- The Law the doCtrine of parliamentary suprem- tention. In 1965 the Criminal Procedure The fundamental aims of the South Af- acy, have brought about what John Amendment Act created a law allowing rican legal order are to insure white polit- Dugard, professor of law at the Univer- the Attorney General to order the deten- ical power and to protect white social sity of the Witwatersrand, has called tion, for 180 days, of any person thought and economic privilege. Successive gov- "the debasement of the South African to possess material evidence that might ernments have disenfranchised the black legal system . . . . In South Africa few be of use to the state in political trials. majority and constructed an administra- holds are barred as far as Parliament is The most stringent security measure tive system under which blacks are con- concerned: parliamentary sovereignty of all, the Terrorism Act, passed Parlia- stantly reminded of their inferior status. has been taken to its logical and brutal ment overwhelmingly in 1967 and was conclusion at the expense of human Since 1948, when the Nats came to made retroactive to June 1962. It defined rights." power, countless security laws have what Sydney Kentridge, the Warren been passed. They continue to suppress Most of the security legislation on the Burnett of South Africa, calls "a new not only black opposition to apartheid books.has been introduced since 1948. In form of statutory treason": "Terrorism" but political opposition in almost every 1950 the Suppression of Communism or "terroristic activities." Under its pro- form. Act — the first step toward the creation visions, a person is guilty of a capital of a police state — was passed to outlaw offense if he does anything with the in- Roman-Dutch law — the common law the Communist Party. The act construed tention of endangering law and order. in contemporary South Africa — was communism in unbelievably broad brought to the Cape in 1652 by the Dutch terms: "any doctrine which aims at The Terrorism Act extends considera- East India Company. South Africa's bringing about any political, industrial, bly the concept of treason. Roman- courts and jury system, however, as well social or economic change within the Dutch law defines treason as an act as the rules of criminal prodecure and Union by the promotion of disturbances committed with the intention of over- evidence, are legacies of the British, who or disorder, by unlawful acts or omis- throwing the government by violence. colonised the Cape in 1806. The South sions or by means which include the But the Terrorism Act, which is riddled African system of government and prin- promotion of disturbances or disorder, with assumptions transferring the burden ciples of constitutional law are also mod- or such acts or omissions or threats." of proof to the accused, covers offenses eled on Britain's. And the South African The security branch, accordingly, could that go well beyond those ordinarily re- constitution, while it isn't unwritten, is move against not only professed Marx- garded as treasonous. For instance, the extremely flexible. It doesn't fetter Par- ists but most other "radical" opponents act prohibits activities likely to cause liament with either a bill of rights or a of Nationalist policy. "substantial financial loss to any person doctrine of judicial review, and so pro- or the State," or "embarrassment" to vides no safeguard against arbitrary The act has been amended many times. In 1976 the Nats rechristened it "the administration or the affairs of the legislation. State." By this definition, organizing a the Internal Security Act and broadened its reach to increase the number and sev- strike is committing treason. So is print- In Britain, of course, parliamentary ing an unflattering photograph of the erity of the restrictions the Minister of sovereignty is checked by tradition, con -. prime minister (something easily done, vention and — above, all — by the rule of Justice may impose. Today, the act cov- ers organizations and individuals engag- given the dour face of Mr. P. W. Botha). law. In South Africa tradition and con- ing in "activities which endanger the se- And the law doesn't stop at South Af- vention are more or less improvisational, curity of the State or the maintenance of rica: it prohibits "treasonous actions" and the advantages of a flexible constitu- anywhere on the globe. tion haven't been lost on those bent on public order —" a definition wide enough to proscribe almost any opposi- institutionalizing racism by authoritarian Section 6, the key to its actual work- tion to the status quo. ing, authorizes the security police to de- means. The period between 1910 and tain, without warrant, any person whom 1961 (South Africa became a republic in The 1960's saw what even in the South any police officer of or above the rank of 1961) saw an expansion of the powers of African context was a bewildering lieutenant-colonel suspects of 'either Parliament and the death of many re- amount of security legislation. In 1962 committing an offense under the Ter- straints on its will. Between 1948 and the General Law Amendment Act intro- rorism Act or possessing knowledge of 1958 — the first decade of Nationalist duced the capital offense of "sabotage," such an offense. The purpose of deten- rule — almost all British legal principles defining it as any "wrongful and wilful tion is interrogation, and the detainee were abandoned. Parliamentary .sover- act which injures, destroys or endangers may be held until all questions have been eignty wasn't one of them; the rule of law public health and safety; water supplies, satisfactorily answered or until the secu- was. public utilities or services; supply or dis- tribution of food, fuel, water; rity police decide that "no useful pur- South African jurisprudential argu- maintenance of law and order; free pose will be served by his further deten- ment has generally been that the rule of movement of traffic; or State or private tion." This phtase has frightening impli- law, with its insistence on equality be- property." This statute also provided for cations. In effect it allows the security fore the law and access to the courts, is a the warrantless arrest of those "banned" branch to detain a person indefinitely British constitutional concept premised under the Suppression of Communism without charge or trial. on humanism, and a humanist philoso- Act; later amendments authorized the Section 6 prohibits any court from phy is unacceptable in a country embrac- arrest, again without warrant, and deten- pronouncing on the validity of detentions ing "Christian" principles of govern- tion incommunicado, without trial, of under the act and denies the detainee the ment. Church and state have always any person for successive 90-day right to habeas corpus. It also denies him been closely allied in South Africa, but periods, as well as the imprisonment of access to a lawyer, doctor or family with a fearful vengeance: the relentless uncooperative witnesses and the exten- member. Although the act doesn't au- Calvinism of the Dutch Reformed sion to Namibia (formerly Southwest Af- thorize physical abuse, it does authorize Church (Nederduitse Gereformeerde rica, the trust territory that continued to solitary confinement without books, Kerk) teaches not only racial separation be administered by South Africa in de- newspapers, letters or any communica- but white supremacy. These so-called fiance of the United Nations) of the ear- tion with the outside. However, because 12 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 the accused have access to neither appear before the Supreme Court.) They popped softly, clipped — as it always lawyers nor the courts, there's nothing to also looked askance at her verligte ("en- seemed on the Afrikaner tongue. Then, stop the security police from using lightened") friends, who, to their minds, pushing her hair out of her eyes: "Yes, I methods more brutal than solitary con- were communist and hence immoral. was scared. They'd call the church hall finement. Recalcitrant detainees are " 'We won't pay for the devil's educa- when I was working late. And sometimes often tortured or assaulted. Some, like tion,' they told me. So I entered a beauty they'd call here, especially when they Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko, contest, came in first and used the prize knew Piet was away on business. After are murdered. (From August 1976 to money toward my degree." In her last two months I was so nervous I couldn't September 1977 — when Biko's death year she met Piet, an engineering student concentrate. I was smoking three packs occurred — more than 20 people are who, like Maria, had begun to rethink his a day, drinking too much. . . . In my known to have died in detention.) roots. Although they were married by a fourth month I closed the clinic. In my Trials under the Terrorism Act are dominee ("minister") of the Dutch Re- fifth I miscarried. The day after I got bizarre affairs. The accused will proba- formed Church, Marja's parents refused back from the hospital the security bly have been in solitary confinement for to attend the wedding because one of the police pulled up in a silver Mercedes. weeks, months — sometimes years. Un- bridesmaids was black. When I answered the door they told me less he's a person of superhuman for- "This was 1974, two years before the to come with them. titude, he'll have made some sort of con- Soweto riots. The Black Consciousness "There were three of them, two whites fession, whether true or false. Very movement hadn't been banned, and and one black. When I asked where we likely he won't understand the rules re- neither had the Christian Institute and were going they said, 'To a nice, quiet lating to the admissibility in evidence of the South African Students' Organiza- place where you can account for your his statement. Nor will he understand tion. When Piet and I started our student sins.' After that I didn't say anything. I the complex charge to which he's forced discussion group it didn't occur to us just sat in the back between two of those to plead without, benefit of legal advice we'd find ourselves face to face with huge chaps. or representation, for only after he hag BOSS. We were such innocents, such "They took me to police headquarters pleaded is he able to obtain counsel. In idealists. . . ." — I'd been there before, when Net was addition, witnesses for the prosecution, To BOSS, the group's multi-racial in detention, but I'd never gotten past the victims of section 6, are likely to have membership looked suspicidus. In par- front desk. This time I was led down a been in solitary confinement as long as ticular it didn't like the occasional visits corridor and then another to a room the accused and, like the accused, may of Steve Biko and Barney Pityana; both where the windows were covered with be brought directly from detention to had been under surveillance since 1968 heavy cloth. Off to the side was a sort of court. Usually witnesses will have made for alleged connections with the African gym closet. They sat me down on a statements implicating the accused; National Congress, banned since 1963. wooden bench, and while. I waited I whether these statements are true or not, Nor was BOSS willing to sit back while. watched policemen troop into the closet witnesses will have been warned that re- Marja and another law student opened a to practice on punching bags. There was traction may lead to prolonged detention legal advice clinic for domestic workers a constant stream of them, and the room, or the charge of perjury. in a black Catholic church. I remember, was full of smoke. After an What of the South African Bar? How_ Early in 1975, the harassment began. hour or so a young black plainclothes- does it play the game? According to Marja and Piet were followed and man came over, perfectly polite he was, Maria, it does the best it can. It tries to threatened. Their mail was opened, their. and offered me a cigarette. When I re- keep pace with the endlessly shifting house was bugged and their tires were fused he got angry — or pretended to. It laws, tries to win under ever more routinely slashed. The law firm that had was all so strange. offered Marja a job was warned of her loaded rules. Yet sometimes a witness "Finally I was taken into another of- "activities," and she was soon unem- has gone insane during detention. Or a fice and introduced to Major V--. For a ployed. Then, after the Soweto riots of defendant, after acquittal, is automati- long time he just looked at me with these June 1976, when the Suppression of cally rearrested. (This happened to Win- chemical-blue eyes. Then he blew his Communism Act became the Internal nie Mandela, wife of Nelson Mandela, nose and said, 'You killed your baby. If Security Act and BOSS detained hun- and 18 others in July 1970). At times like you'd cooperated, that baby would be dreds suspected of threatening "the these, when the only logic seems to be alive.' that of betrayal, many lawyers wonder internal security of the republic," Piet disappeared for a week. By the time he "It was too much. I broke down and what, in South Africa, the notion of jus- cried in front of them — something I'd tice is worth. was released the discussion group had disbanded. sworn I'd never do. After half an hour they took me home, and when I went in I "But I held on to the clinic," Maria I Was Scared didn't go out again. I just lay in bed star- said. "I was determined to. Until I got ing at the ceiling . . . for the next six pregnant and the security police found Sometime after midnight we veered months." back to Marja's story: out — you must understand, they're She'd been studying law at a good Af- cruelly efficient. As soon as they It was during this period that Maria rikaans university. Her parents — Af- gathered I was pregnant they began call- began having what she described as wak- rikaaners for whom the sine qua nons of ing and saying things like 'You really ing nightmares. One in particular still decency were, typically, the Nationalist think you'll live to see that kid grow troubled her. It usually happened around Party and the Dutch Reformed Church up?' " two a.m. She would be lying in bed, un- — were skeptical of her determination to Marja smoked for awhile. I remember able to sleep, when the first notes of the become an attorney and, eventually, an watching the lights of a ship crawl the . Brahms lullaby would come at her in the advocate. (The South African legal pro- harbor like a bug; two lights became darkness. For several minutes she'd lie fession is divided into attorneys, or solic- three and then a cluster as the ship still, certain she was hearing an ice itors, and advocates, or barristers. Ad- changed direction, throwing a thin beam cream trolley. At last, pulling on a robe, vocates must meet stricter qualifying re- on Lord Coke. she'd go out to the street. Nothing — not quirements and, unlike attorneys, may "I was scared, man." The interjection (Continued on page 17) THE TEXAS OBSERVER 13

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14 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 Journalt Farmworkers governor and the 5.1 percent asked by addition, at least one protesting black at- the Texas Public Employees Associa- torney has received a letter of apology Try Again tion. from Tom Hanna, executive director of Despite past defeats and with almost First bill filed in the House was spon- the Bar. The Austin chapter of the Na- no prospect of success to come, the sored by Republican Reps. Bill Blythe, tional Lawyers Guild also has com- Texas Farm Workers Union is again at- Don Rains and Bill Ceverha and would plained. tempting to push through legislation outlaw all that nasty drug paraphernalia According to Tom Watkins, Austin granting enforceable collective bargain- which is dementing the minds of the member of the Bar's new screening ing rights for farmworkers. The bill will younger generation. The bill is a man- committee, the group has not yet met be carried in the House by Rep. Samuel ifestation of the so-called drug abuse and has no criteria for deciding which Hudson of Dallas, a legislator who once program being pushed by Gov. Clements trips offered by the Bar's travel agency resorted to a hunger strike because none and his Dallas ally, H. Ross Perot. will receive official blessing. He did say of his bills were being brought up for that the Bar is unlikely to sponsor any votes. A Senate sponsor has not yet been more trips to South Africa. named. The Bar's public relations officer, The new farmworkers bill, pre-filed by Larry Fitzgerald, said 32 Texas attor- Hudson and announced at a news con- neys or spouses had signed up for the ference by TFWU leader Antonio Oren- trip, which is also being offered to dain, contains many of the provisions of lawyers in Oklahoma and Iowa. HB 227, the farmworkers bill from the Fitzgerald wondered why "everybody 1979 legislative session. HB 227, carried picks on us," since the Texas Exes, a UT by Rep. Tony Garcia of Pharr, was to- alumni group, took a similar trip in Au- tally squelched by the Clayton House. gust. Speaker Clayton, of course, is a mil- True. Roy Vaughan, executive direc- lionaire West Texas farmer who is cur- tor of the Exes, said 23 persons had gone rently suing a group of farmworkers who on the "Flying Longhorns" trip to South had sought minimum wage for hoeing Africa, and that no one had expressed cotton [Obs., Oct. 31]. The 1979 bill any disapproval of the country. He did never got out of the agriculture commit- note that some persons had refused to go tee, where the chairman, Rep. Forrest on the Russian leg of a tour of Northern Green of Corsicana, used strong-arm tac- Europe because they did not want to tics to prevent fair public hearings. spend American dollars in Russia. How- Despite what appears to be an even ever, he said the only reason Texas Exes worse legislature for farmworker inter- would not visit a country would be if it ests, Orendain thinks the bill has a were unsafe or if it were so unpopular chance in 1981. He says the Reagan/. that not enough travelers agreed to go. Republican gains allow the TFWU to Jo Clifton "see more clearly who is our enemy." He also believes the impact of Mexican-American votes demonstrated in the 1980 campaign will force Demo- crats and Republicans alike to pay more Jet Set, White Job with attention to Hispanic issues. Most Texans Division a Future farmworkers in Texas are Hispanic. And most earn less than $4,000 a year. Responding to criticism of a planned It looks as though we'll have old Bob Theoretically, they can decide to ask for trip to South Africa [Obs., Oct. 31] the Bullock to kick around some more. The union representation, but growers do not State Bar of Texas' Board of Directors comptroller announced his plans to run have to recognize their requests. That is has appointed a committee to screen fu- for a third term on Nov. 3, the day before why the TFWU wants collective bargain- ture group travel plans. The trip was of- the general election. Of course, Bullock ing legislation. That is why the lobby- fered to all members of the Texas Bar in isn't up for renomination for another two controlled, anti-labor legislature will a brochure billing South Africa as a years, but he's always tried to make his continue to block it. "progressive democratic country." plans known as soon as possible. The farmworkers bill was one of more Although one bar official told the Ob- Bullock, whose state of health (he's than 85 legislative proposals pre-filed in server there had been no complaints, he lost one lung) is a familiar watering hole the House Nov. 10, the first day for such was mistaken. The members of the Indi- topic, said his entry into the 1982 race activity. The Senate had an opening day vidual Rights & Responsibilities Section "will end all speculation and give a lot of flood of ten measures, including a pay of the Bar voted at their October meeting county-level politicians who may have raise bill for state workers sponsored by to protest the Bar's sponsorship of the toyed with the idea of running a chance Sen. , D-Austin. No pre- trip, stating that "It would have been the to make up their minds." cise figure for pay raises was included in wiser course for the State Bar to boycott The feisty comptroller was first the bill, but it will probably come be- South Africa so as to pressure South Af- elected to his present office in 1974 and tween the 3.4 percent favored by the rica into changing its racist policies." In easily won a second term in 1978. ❑

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 15 TRAMONTANE/ Julius Lester Working on Counterpoisons Hannah Arendt wrote once that, "Openness to others is the America became hostage to the same politico-religious madness precondition for 'humanity' in every sense of the word." If the rampant in Iran. Ayatollahs come in many guises, but when election of 1980 portends anything, it is the death of the precon- Reagan ended his acceptance speech at the Republican conven- dition to be human. tion with the words, "Let us begin our crusade," and then It is not frightening that America has taken a turn to the bowed his head in silent prayer, he was invoking God's ap- political right. The country has seldom been anything but con- proval as Khomeini invokes that of Allah. This is not maturity, servative, and a period like the Sixties was abnormal in Amer- nor is it the precondition for humanity, but rather, the precondi- ican history. All nations are, by nature, conservative regardless tion for an Inquisition which will make the McCarthy period the of ideology, and that is as it should be. America has not moved object of nostalgia. to the right as much as it has simply reasserted the conservatism Maturity and openness to others is the indispensable precon- which was always there. In this election, however, America dition for humanity because such openness respects the integ- moved to be Right, and that is what frightens. Moral Majority, rity of others. The present onslaught of Christian political mo- Christians for Reagan, and other such groups proclaimed what rality and self-righteousness inherently violates the integrity of is Right by adroitly, shamelessly and obscenely invoking God as others because it is closed against any and all who define what it a supporter of increased defense spending, anti-abortion federal means to be human in any way which is not deemed Christian. judges, and prayer in the schools. A vote for Reagan was tan- There are many of us who have always been Outsiders by tamount to a vote for Baby Jesus. virtue of race, sex, political beliefs, life styles and religion. The ' When Reagan takes the oath of office on January 20, Chris- time has come when we will bear our Otherness with pain. Not tian morality will be enthroned as the law of the land. Reagan only has the majority of the electorate drawn a firm line be- said as much this past summer when he spoke in Texas to a tween us and them, they will seek to punish us, because we are large gathering of Christian fundamentalists and said that he open to risk and change, to the unknown, to our fears and seek could not ask them to endorse him, but wanted them to know to accept "our place and our way," even when we do not under- that, "I endorse you." Reagan said as much when he com- stand ourselves and our way. mented that he was not certain that the Biblical story of creation But they have no such problems, because God is on their side should not be taught in the schools instead of, or at least along and people who believe that must commit evil, because it is evil with, theories of evolution. to believe that God is on your side. In Reagan's overwhelming victory, the electorate chose, So, Armaggedon has come. It is a fearful time and no one clearly and decisively, not to mature. And perhaps the best knows yet what to do. Perhaps it is enough for now to re- description of what it means to be mature came from the Cister- member the words from Anais Nin's journal: "I will not indulge cian monk, Thomas Merton, who wrote that maturity "does not in impotent, passive despair. I will not add to the despair of the consist in the ability to give a final solution to everything." world: I am working on counterpoisons." Rather, it comes by accepting "our place and our way in the In an era like that on which we are embarking, it is a counter- midst of persons and things, in a historical situation, that we do poison to passionately affirm the integrity , of the human soul. not have to completely understand." The soul is not Christian, just as God is not a Christian. The soul What Reagan offered and what the electorate so desperately is not the property of the Republican Party, Moral Majority or needed was to believe that there is a solution to everything, and fundamentalist Christians. that "our way in the midst of persons and things" is only clear Perhaps the first act of resistance in these times is simply to when we understand and are in control. know that an attempt was made to take our humanity hostage Out of frustration and fear, the electorate chose to be Right on November 4, 1980, and we care too deeply, about ourselves instead of To Be. They chose a morality they believe to be and all humanity, to give into despair or to capitulate, regardless divinely sanctioned, and now I understand the symbolic mean- of the consequences. ing of the Americans being held hostage in Iran. In this election, We are working on counterpoisons. ❑

Advance.. . from page 2 against the people because it leaves out a crucial third element, economic power. Economic power, when not in the hands of in the streets and in their beds and although President Reagan the government, tends to become concentrated in an oligarchy was unfamiliar with race problems in his golden youth he'll be which gets smaller and richer all the time. It is neither the up to his incisors in them the next hot summer. A second civil government nor the people. Reagan represents this third force war is in the offing. It will not be regional, although the South and his election is a wedge made by that force between the may again be a major theater, but it will divide us father and people and the instrument of their self-help, their government. son, mother and daughter, friend and friend. Great issues are The government is the people. The trick is not to fear the about to be won or lost. government but to make it work. Governments are infinitely What is the proper response? To determine it, one must get at malleable — they can become whatever we make them. Or they , the heart of the Reagan message. The Chinese news agency can become whatever we allow others to make them. interpreted the election as a manifestation of the frustration of The New Right would like to make government a protector of the American people with their government. That is correct. the corporations, the wealthy, the white, and those who can But it goes further. screw their lives into a certain pencil box mind-set. The tragedy Reagan ran on a platform promising to get the government of the Reagan sweep was that this fear, a manufactured fear, "off the backs of the people," a phrase he probably borrowed won. The fear has been manufactured by an economic elite from "liberal" Supreme Court Justice William 0. Douglas. In which, hating government the way wolves hate shepherds, for effect, Reagan is pitting the people against their government, a at least half a century has been willing to resort to religion, classic "conservative" position, and one which always works public school educational propaganda and outright deception to 16 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 separate the people from the source of their power. It was on to Europe. the high plains of symbolism that the real defeat of 1980 came. Does this sound like a political platform? Damn right. The If the Democratic party is going to push back this darkening people are angry and they're hungry and they're going to be- of the human spirit, it is going to have to ask itself what it, as a come more of each by the time the Republicans are finished party, is all about. Shall it toddle back to the center where with us. But the Republicans never will be finished until a new Carter and Strauss and Meany left it? Why? What is to be found coalition — hopefully, but not necessarily, from the Democratic in the middle of the road except a dotted line leading over the party — decides that there ought to be a reason for running for hill? office again. Forget the gl&nor boys, forget the odds. Bring Remember: the people of America are frustrated. They want on a generation without allegiance to the hypocrisies of "free answers, solutions, leaders. They want someone to represent enterprise" and even the "welfare state" but that knows what the 92 percent of us who earn less than $25,000 per year; the 25 needs to be done. What needs to be done is to understand that if percent of us who earn less than $5,000, the masses of us who the people want to gain control of their society, they are going to need, as a right of the wealthiest country in the world, complete have to fight for it, talk straight, walk tall. Have the courage to health care for ourselves, our children, our parents; who need say, look, the system is the problem. Don't tinker with it any buses and trains to get to our jobs; who need jobs; who need more. Create a new one. Make it the servant, not the enemy, of ourselves as humans in society more than $60 billion missiles on the people. All the people. Run on people-first principles and underground railways and who don't think lower interest rates you'll run the Republicans and NCPAC and their dark hordes can be traded off against higher unemployment; who may speak right into the Buffalo Bayou. Run like Carter or John Hill again more than one language; who may have come from lands distant and you'll run no more. ❑

"You'd better go to bed — your room sive Federal Party and took up the anti- Bar . . . from page 13 is the one just past the landing." nuke and environmental causes. She also I was out almost immediately. But took up feminism and spent her Satur- when I went downstairs to prowl for cof- days editing a verligte women's a sound. And then it would start up again fee in the morning, I saw Marja and the newsletter. a few blocks over, the same hesitant, dogs still curled into the overstuffed Beyond that I don't know anything. tinny melody. chair. My guess is that long after she'd When I got back to the U.S. I wrote "At that hour, when the children are directed me to my room she'd sat up lis- asking if she'd decided to stand for Parli- asleep — How do you explain it?" tening, during breaks in the wind, for that ament, but the envelope, which had been I didn't know. But Marja had a theory. phantom lullaby. opened, came back stamped GEEN SULKE ADRES. "BOSS! They're out there in an ice This, more or less, is the end of Mar- ❑ cream trolley. . . ." ja's story: Kathryn Marshall is the author of My It was late. Piet had said goodnight Six months after her miscarriage she Sister Gone and Desert Places, novels hours earlier. The dogs were sleeping in went back into practice and specialized published by Harper and Row. She a heap on Marja's lap, and there was only in an obscure corner of South African teaches writing at the University of a half-inch left in the decanter. insurance law. She joined the Progres- Pennsylvania.

Senate . . . think it's fashionable, who think there's bingo and a whopping 71-29 for the silent from page 9 salvation in being inhumane and in deny- tellers. ing each other's rights and each other's The bingo ban was blown away de- ers that was so evident in the recent pres- liberties." idential contest. spite dire warnings from high church Somebody's got to stand up for what's interests, including the Most Rev. Atty. Hobby, looking on the bright side of right. Gen. Mark White, that the game's legali- the Reagan landslide, said he reads the That was you, Babe. L.J. zation would lead directly to organized results as a national desire for "govern- crime inroads. We were treated to vis- ment more like the Texas model . . . a ions of short, stocky men in sunglasses limited government where the legislature poised at the Vegas airport with tickets is much less willing to give raw grants of to Houston and bingo cards in hand. power to the executive branch . . . a Bingo, Robot Banking more circumscribed form of govern- Texans were not fooled by this spuri- ment." and Gubernatorial ous argument. They knew what the As for Schwartz, he says he's put in Mafia really likes to get its hooks into is a his twenty-five years in public office Removal Amendments good, juicy bank or two, and those were "and now it's someone else's turn." already legal, a development contrary to Pass; Only Two of many of the state's original, bank-bitten His advice for those he leaves behind settlers. is concise: "Just stick with your princi- Nine Proposals Fail ples . . . and fight harder." The bankers had long since devised Philosophical in defeat, the silver- The voters of Texas have spoken on ways to get around the constitutional tongued street-fighter of the Senate said banks and bingo. They want their bingo prohibition' on branch banking, of that with his departure from the scene, out of the closet and their banks in the course, by the simple expedient of form- some "who might not have thought they supermarket. ing new corporations to serve as bank- holding companies. had to" will see their way clear to pitch' Constitutional amendments permitting in on the causes for which he fought: the local option bingo and unlimited unman- The powerful branches of Texas fi- environment, the consumer, the ned tellers for dispensing and depositing nance have, since 1952, leaned on a con- unlobbied-for; and against those "who money passed by wide margins: 64-36 for venient attorney general's ruling that THE TEXAS OBSERVER 17 ■••••••■ . \II Good books in every field said bank-holding companies were not and. Associates really branch-banking companies. But as JENKINS PUBLISHING CO. 502 W. 15th Street any sentient citizen could see, that was E Austin, Texas 78701 (r5 The Pemberton Press C') REALTOR like selling white lightning in jelly jars Representing all types of properties John H. Jenkins, Publisher in Austin and Central Texas and calling it unjelled apple juice. Interesting & unusual property a specialty. i5 477-3651 Box 2085 I) Austin 78768 In fact, unmanned tellers that dispense cash were already showing up this fall in many locations. And soon, according to the president of American Bank in Aus- tin, John Tolleson, the banks in the Dallas-based holding company of Mer- innys' cantile Texas Corp. will have the devices gCOPYING SERVICE in every Safeway in Texas. The way the banks avoided the Copying • Binding branch-banking statute in this case was • Printing •Color Copying by listing the teller machines as being owned by a company called Affiliated Graphics •Word Processing Computer Systems. Which company is owned by Mercantile Texas Corp., of Austin • Lubbock • San Marcos course. When the newly approved amendment takes effect in August 1981, however, the machines will be empowered not only to make withdrawals but also to accept de- posits, draw lines of credit, pay on loans and transfer funds between accounts. Leonard Passmore, general counsel for the Texas Bankers Association, said A Texas Tradition Since 1866 he thought "the message finally got through that it's really just a matter of No games, no gimmicks, no loud music. convenience." Just good conversation with the most . Some check artists, however, say it interesting people in Austin. And was just a way for the voters to send the the best of downhome cooking. message that they'd like to feel closer to 1607 San Jacinto Closed Sundays their money. Since they've been leaving 477-4171 so much more of it at the grocery check- out counter anyway, they might as well take care of the car payment and the roof and siding lien at the same time. Results on four other important amendments were mixed. On judicial matters, the proposal to give the state and criminal defendants the right to appeal pre-trial rulings was defeated but broadening of the workload of the Courts of Civil Appeals to include all criminal cases was approved. And with regard to gubernatorial pow- ers, an amendment granting the governor the power to remove his own appointees, with the concurrence of two-thirds of the State Senate, was approved, while an amendment that would have given the Simply the best record shop in the state of Texas—try governor more budgetary control was us first for hard-to-find, local and regional records, defeated. lowest prices Reading the tea leaves in the latter re- sults left some political observers cross- 0 eyed. But the brave among them re- ported that it all boiled, down to a basic 0 affection for the governor that stopped 4" 41/40 short of giving him any more say over our daily lives. 111111111111111= But then the governors of Texas by this time should have gotten used to weak tea. 504 west 24th (Austin, texas • 472-9459 L.J. 18 NOVEMBER 28, 1980

e-4 .106.09045S. Signal . . . from page 9 wing. True. such liberal standardbearers Life Insurance and Annuities as Birch Bayh, George McGovern, John Martin Elfant, CLU Culver, Gaylord Nelson, and Frank 600 Jefferson St., Houston, TX 77002 &rahOF CANADA Church lost. But liberals Alan Cranston, (713) 659-1212 Thomas Eagleton, and Gary Hart sur- vived. Conservative Democrats, how- ever, fared almost as poorly as their lib- eral brethren. Incumbents Herman Tal- STEPHEN F. AUSTIN HOTEL madge and Robert Morgan were upset. And in Alabama, Florida, and Okla- Comfortable rooms in an historic setting at reasonable rates. Meeting and banquet facilities.Free parking. homa, conservative Democrats lost their bid to capture vacant Senate seats. B DI S II ARC CAFE Restaurant and Coffee Shop Cocktails in Quiet Atmos- In view of these mixed results, any New outdoor French Cafe phere, Happy Hour, Live headlong Democratic rush to the right STiii ) HEN'S Lunch, Supper & Cocktails may be premature. It could also be suici- piano entertainment dal. If the voters truly want conserva- Located 3 blocks from the Capitol tives, the Republicans will gladly provide 7th and Congress, Austin, Texas an ample supply. Halfhearted mimics Reservations and information 512/476-4361 and late Democratic converts can hardly be expected to satisfy this "overwhelm- ing" popular thirst. In the second place, it is not clear that the Democratic Party offered a progress- liberty Lind-) ive alternative to Republican blandish- ments. After all, it was the Democrats Austin's only open-air dance floor is now open who presided over historically unprece- every day and night for live music and home- dented inflation and interest rates. They coupled this with deliberate policies to style meals. Come enjoy our laid-back tropical engineer a recession and increase unem- garden atmosphere. — Fine wines & beers ployment. How can voters be blamed for 405 West Second Street 477-0461 believing that any change would be an improvement? Maybe Reagan will not manage the economy any better, but he • -I will have to work hard to do worse. In foreign policy, Jimmy Carter first embraced the Shah and Nicaragua's Somoza, calling them indispensable al- lies and bulwarks against Communist subversion. Then he backed away and let them topple. At the beginning of his Printers — Stationers — Mailers — Typesetters administration, he wanted to cut the de- fense budget and halt arms sales to for- — High Speed Web Offset Publication Press -- eign countries. Three years later, he de- manded increased defense appro- Counseling — Designing priations and lobbied vigorously for uranium sales to India. He admirably in- jected human rights into foreign policy Copy Writing — Editing and then shamelessly supported martial law dictatorships in the Philippines and Trade Computer Sales and Services - South Korea. He announced that the U.S. would use its military might to - Complete Computer Data Processing Services — guard our "vital interests" in the Persian Gulf and then told the American people „v,,E. pit IN TING %FUTURA that the hostage rescue mission had U N ION 0 TRADES COUNCIL 0 PRESS foundered because of an unforeseen dust 7 AUSTIN storm in the Iranian desert. TEXAS Ronald Reagan, on the other hand, did not offer the voters a dramatically differ- ent foreign policy. For years he has pro- CIPTILJIPRIAL claimed his desire to intervene militarily throughout the world, sell armaments to 512/442-7836 1714 South Congress corrupt regimes, increase defense spend- ing, and oppose all uprisings against our P.O. Box 3485 Austin, Texas 78764 "tinhorn dictator" allies. But at least he has been consistent. Unlike Carter, he will not announce one policy and follow

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 19 another. Since there is so little substan- from his earlier, more modest proposals. ANDERSON & COMPANY tive difference between them, how can When his political support began to COFFEE the voters be blamed for selecting the erode, he retreated to Camp David and TEA SPICES TIAN) JEFFERSON SQUARE candidate who they believe will vacillate mistakenly blamed his failures on the AUSTIN, TEXAS mil the least and follow through with the selfishness of the American people. 512 453-1533 greatest enthusiasm? And more impor- In reality, though, Jimmy Carter has tantly, how can the returns be inter- Send me your list. only himself to blame for his political preted as a shift to the right when the failure. He owed his 1976 victory to a Name Democrats never offered a left alterna- relatively progressive constituency tive? Street composed of blacks, Jews, Chicanos, For all practical purposes, both candi- and union members, but he abandoned City Zip dates ran as Republicans. Faced with them to curry favor with the business this choice, the voters simply chose community. Because of his timidity and Ronald Reagan and his • political allies. vacillation, neither group supported him As long as they were going to get Repub- and his defeat became a foregone con- lican policies, why not opt for truth in clusion. River City advertising and elect Republican candi- The Kennedy wing of the party must dates? also shoulder part of the blame for the Inn, Bar &Grill The Democrats, of course, could have Democrats' defeat. Although it opposed offered a left alternative to Reagan's free Carter's shift to the right and argued 1100 NORTH ST. MARY'S STREET. SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS 78215 (5121223-6283 1512) 226-9189 enterprise, militaristic programs. But as vehemently against caving in to business Motel Rates from $15.00 they became trapped by business hostil- pressure, it too refused to mount a direct - Pool, Downtown ity and the weaknesses of traditional assault on those business practices that 24hr Restaurant liberalism, they refused to pursue more caused the problems in the first place. And next door progressive policies. Instead of moving For example, liberals favored full em- to the left and challenging both the cor- ployment, but never blamed the loss of San Antonio Country porate agenda and big business preroga- jobs on U.S. business investments in the tives, some Democrats moved further to Third World and Europe. They commis- 1122 NORTH ST MARY'S STREET (512) 222-8273 the right and became indistinguishable erated with laid-off auto workers, offer- Cocktails from 7 A.M. from Republicans. Still others coun- ing them extended federal benefits and Happy Hour 2-7 P.M. selled continuing along the same path as protection against imports, but they Game room, TV, if nothing had ever gone wrong with their rarely blamed management for refusing Disco Dancing liberal programs. to produce small cars until it was nearly 9 P.M. nightly. too late. They opposed steel mill closings Two discos and Jimmy Carter, for example, surren- in the Northeast, but they rarely men- after hours till dered to big business early in his admin- 4 A.M. Fri., Sat., istration. When he first took office, he tioned that the Lykes Corporation pur- & Holidays. pilloried the oil companies for their chased Youngstown Sheet and Tube so it Outdoor patio, obscene profits and three-martini, tax- could use its depreciation revenues and Free parking. deductible lunches. He wanted to reduce profits, not to modernize the plant, but to unemployment and argued that poor buy electronics firms for its conglomer- people and workers should not bear the ate portfolio. In short, liberals only brunt of the fight against inflation. How- wanted to aid the victims of corporate ever, as he pursued these policies, he practices. That was admirable. But they discovered that business had lost confi- did not challenge the corporations' right dence in him and that they had set out to to create victims as a by-product of their ATTORNEYS sabotage his programs. Their hostility to investment and management practices. progressive policies was reflected in the After years of following the liberals, Overcome the high cost of decline of the dollar, a refusal to invest, workers perceived correctly that liberal down-time on your legal continued stagflation, world commodity welfare policies would neither prevent secretary. speculation, and reduced domestic drill- unemployment nor reform current busi- Let us type your motions, ing for oil and gas. ness behavior. In addition, they knew At this point, Carter could have rallied that liberal palliatives produced large appeals, contracts, and deficits and rampant inflation. Since the other legal documents. the people to his side and clamped down harder on big business. Admittedly, this liberals flubbed their opportunity to pro- We can type from your would require government controls on vide effective cures, workers turned in rough drafts or tapes. investment, capital flows, dividends, im- desperation to Reagan, the only candi- Our work is flawless, ports, and runaway shops. It might even date who discussed the bankruptcy of professional, fast, and have required a public energy corpora- traditional liberalism and offered alter- economical. tion that would drill for oil and gas on nate, albeit right wing remedies. federal lands and eliminate the oil com- In short, while Carter mismanaged the Foreign language typing available. panies' stranglehold over the nation's economy and failed to chart a consistent energy supply. With the profits from this foreign policy, liberals tried to throw 477-6671 504 W. 24th St. venture, he could have reduced the fed- money at social problems without ad- Austin, Texas eral deficit, induced the Federal Reserve dressing their cause. The Republicans on System to lower interest rates, and the other hand recognized the Demo- Copy-Rite, avoided cuts in social programs. But in- crats' vulnerability and exploited their stead of mounting a direct challenge to weaknesses. As a result, the Democrats business power, Carter backed away have lost their monopoly in Washington, 20 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 D.C. and the liberals have been this magnitude will generate significant ficials then decide how to invest the thoroughly repudiated. However, had opposition to Reagan and his political al- money and, very often, their decisions the Democrats offered the voters a truly lies, a well conceived progressive pro- do not reflect the workers' best interest. progressive alternative, the election re- gram can gain political support. But if For example, union pension funds may sults probably would have been quite dif- progressives are going to take the initia- indirectly provide financing for corpo- ferent. And if they continue to interpret tive and forge a powerful left coalition — rate relocations. This arrangement must the .election returns as a mandate for the not necessarily in the Democratic party be changed immediately. Once the enabl- right, the Democrats will reinforce the — they will have to move beyond inef- ing legislation is enacted, workers will no prevailing belief that traditional liberals fective liberal programs and generate longer be forced to finance their are both unwilling to see the flaws in new ideas that move the political dis- enemies. More importantly, they can use their programs and unable to adjust by course further to the left. For starters, their money to provide low interest moving further to the left. two programs that should be discussed home mortgages, preserve family farms, are: finance projects that maintain neigh- Yet as bleak as the current situation is, — Restrictions on corporate reloca- borhood integrity, punish corporations the next four years may provide one of tions. Currently, corporations can create by refusing loans to those that will not the best opportunities to forge a coherent domestic unemployment and destroy recognize unions, and finance purchases left alternative. Already Reagan's transi- local communities by moving their of- by worker cooperatives of factories that tion team is preparing to amend Carter's fices and factories to Third World coun- have been shut down by their owners. fiscal 1981 budget (the 1981 fiscal year tries. Although corporate stockholders runs from October 1, 1980 to September Together, these two programs will go benefit from this freedom, most Amer- 30, 1981) by adding several billion dollars far' towards providing good jobs, hous- icans clb not. Their jobs disappear. Their for defense and slashing $13 billion to ing, and economic security to numerous cities become ghost towns. Even $19 billion from domestic programs. This Americans. In addition, they will in- workers who have not lost their jobs are is only the beginning. If Reagan remains crease economic democracy and reduce affected. They must worry that if they committed to cutting taxes by 30 percent the need for government spending that demand higher wages nd better working and balancing the budget, his advisors merely pays for the costs imposed on conditions, their corporations will be the concede that by 1985, they will have to everyone by irresponsible corporate next to move elsewhere. Since these de- reduce domestic spending by an conduct. These programs will not be cisions influence thousands of Amer- additional $92 billion. According to Alan enacted without a struggle. But if pro- icans, they should not be made by a Greenspan, one of Reagan's chief eco- gressives can use this minimal agenda to handful of corporate directors who are form a coalition, they may demonstrate nomic aides, even this lofty figure may immune to democratic control. be too small. His computer analyses in- to those Democrats who want to move to dicate that much larger cuts will be re- — Worker control of pension funds. the , right that the rest of the country has quired. Under the current system, pension fund found a home on the left. assets are usually placed in the trust de- Since it is almost certain that cuts of partments of major banks. The bank of- classified COMMUNITY ORGANIZERS--ACORN PEACEABLE KINGDOM Foundation and needs organizers to work with low and mod- School has residencies available in the follow- erate income families in 16 states for political ing areas: business manager, land manager, and economic justice. Direct action on neigh- maintenance/carpenter, , blacksmith, organic borhood deterioration, utility rates, taxes, gardener, kitchen/garden coordinator. Fifty health carer Tangible results and enduring DALLAS McKinney alre-,7-1 acre experimental craft community founded Main Store 4528 cross trom. Big Austin Alley, a rewards—long hours and low pay. Training in 1971. Write Peaceable Kingdom School, uowntown: & ElM1 - El`Centro College (Austin provided. Contact ACORN, 503 West Mary, Washington on the Brazos, Texas 77880. Austin 78704, (512) 442-8321. FORT WORTH • 3306 Fairfield 16301 Camp Bowie Blvd.) Shopping Center JOIN THE ACLU. Membership $20. Texas Flidglea FREEWHEELING BICYCLES. 2404 San WACO Civil Liberties Union, 600 West 7th, Austin 301 N. 25th• 125th & Columbusl Gabriel, Austin. For whatever your bicycle 78701. TEMPLE needs. Country Mall toxvne & 4401 S. General Bruce Dr. BACKPACKING - MOUNTAINEERING - BOOK-HUNTING? No obligation search for SON RAFTING. Outback Expeditions, P.O. Box RICHARD rare or out-of-print books. Ruth and John 508 Lockwood McCully, ARJAY Books. (512)263-2957: 2500 44, Terlingua, Texas 79852. (915) 371-2490. FARMERS BRANCH River Hills Road, Austin 78746. Farmers Branch Shopping Center THE SAN ANTONIO Democratic League Valley View & Josey Lane MOUNTAIN RETREAT & HOT SPRINGS meets the first Thursday of each month. For in private valley. Enjoy room, meals, swim- information, call Jim Bode at 344-1497. ming, sunbathing and exercise classes from $22 daily incl. (Massage extra.) Brochure THE PEACE MOVEMENT is alive and well from RIO CLAIENTE, Box 1-1187(0), in Texas. The American Friends Service Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Committee works for disarmament, human rights, economic justice. Join us. Write SIMPLE WILL. Instructions with sample, $2. AFSC, 1022 W. 6th, Austin 78703. Roye Publications, Box 2084, Beaumont, Texas 77704. Classified advertising is 300 per word. Dis- TEXAS BOOKS, Rare and out of print. Free counts for multiple insertions within a 12- Catalog. Trackside Books, 8819 Mobud, month period: 25 times, 50%; 12 times, 25%; 6 Houston 77036. times, 10%.

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Since 1970, Texas has been inundated with foreigners, including some people from Oklahoma. We've got nothing against these folks, heck, we're glad to have 'em, but they got to be educated. Most of our newcomers probably think Texas is what they read in the newspapers or the various magazines whose names we are too polite and well-bred to mention. That's not the real story, is it? We'd like to tell our new friends what really makes this state tick, and not tick, and why they ought to try to do something about it before it's too late. You can help by giving a gift subscription to the new kid on your block. It's good for you, good for him or her, and good for Texas. And here's the best part. The more subscriptions you give, the cheaper they get. The first subscrip- tion — or your own renewal — is at the regular rate, $18 per year; a second subscription is $15; and all the ones after that are just $9 . . . a savings of 50 percent. We'll mail an announcement of your gift in mid-December, and the subscription will begin with the issue coming out the week before Christmas. (Or we can handle any special instructions such as begin the subscription immediately and/or send the gift card direct to you.) And you get to tell us when to send the bill. The Texas Observer. If you don't read us, you don't know Texas.

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❑ check enclosed ❑ send bill on (date) The Texas Observer • 600 West 7th • Austin, Texas 78701 • (512) 477-0746 we we ow No am mop m i.. = so N. no Ns aor m..==..,m..mmewasimi....mi. 22 NOVEMBER 28, 1980 By Rod Davis

TEXAS STATEHOUSE BLUES: THE EDITORIAL CARTOONS OF BEN SARGENT By Ben Sargent Texas Monthly Press, 144 pp., $5.95 My all-time favorite Ben Sargent car- toon is the one re-printed here, with Jehovah himself contrite over the infa- mous name mix-up in 1976 that tem- porarily put Don Yarbrough on the Texas Supreme Court. The drawing was the perfect finesse to the numerous apologias and men culpas from the Texas press and most everyone else in the state for confusing Don Yarbrough — sans "0" — with Don Yarborough, the liberal who once ran against John Connally. Don Yarbrough, the Houston slick, got elected on the other's name but later was convicted on an embezzlement .4zGrmr.. charge and removed from office. Even O ews€. Amok aadmak then I figured if Sargent could hit the per's got. When Ben's book, Texas has become, without question, the pre- exact dead center of the breast-beating Statehouse Blues, came out this spring, miere cartoonist in Texas, and many of with such surgical precision, we were in people lined up at Scholz's for at least his zingers have been printed in these the midst of the making of a great Amer- two hours to get his autograph. I've seen pages. Flipping through his first book, ican political cartoonist. a lot of strange happenings at the Dearly one can re-live the insanity bordering on Nothing has changed my mind about Beloved through the years, but I've terror that shapes politics in this state that, though I remain mystified that he never seen anything like that. Ben's hand and somehow come out with a chuckle. stays at the Austin American Statesman, must've been in traction for a week. A depraved chuckle, the kind no one else with whose not very bright upper cur- Since he quit being a reporter for UPI should hear, but a chuckle nonetheless. mudgeons he can't share many view- and various other Texas news organiza- Everyone loves him. Even his targets points. I know why they want to keep tions a few years back and took up that savor a Sargent cartoon. You'll see re- him, though. He's the best thing the pa- for which the Muse cut him out, Sargent prints or originals hanging on the walls of many a politico, testimony to having ar- rived. The only exception is Our Gov- ernor, who ordered six Sargent cartoons (at a discount) but then sent them back with a typical Clementism advising Ben where he could put them. Sargent roared back a week later with an outlandish rendition of the governor as an oilfield redneck quaffing suds at a bar. About the only thing I don't like about the book is the grackle who seems to have been put in by some editor as a nar- rative vehicle. Maybe it was necessary, but I found myself distracted from the cartoons by the grackle's dialogue. Minor quibble. Buy this book. Save it. Actually, you ought to send it to those provincial mo- rons at The New York Times and Newsweek, who never bother to include Sargent in their so-called national round-ups of political cartoons. If any- one up there is reading this, wise up, you're missing the best thing out of Texas since Willie. If Texas had a Sistine Chapel, Ben would do the ceiling. ❑ THE TEXAS OBSERVER 23 Postmaster: If undeliverable, send Form 3579 to The Texas Observer, 600 W. 7th, Austin, Texas 78701

the legendary RAW DEAL Steaks, Chops, Chicken open lunch and evenings 605 Sabine, Austin No Reservations

THE BRAZOS BOOK SHOP Dialogue/ 803 Red River Austin, Texas (512) 474-9428 Let's clear this up India won't use the nuclear fuel we're Literature and the Fine Arts Since I have no way of contacting your selling her to make bombs. Other inter- new and used books reader Howard G. Blount II of Corpus views will include a lady who will try to Monday through Saturday 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Christi directly, could you kindly permit clean up Love Canal using a leading de- Featuring Local Presses and Authors: Including Thorp me to reach him through Dialogue: tergent, and a State Senator who will Springs Press, Prickly Pear Press, Texas Circuit, Encino In connection with his comment in his drink a quart of Mirex to demonstrate Press, Shoal Creek Publishers, Jenkins Publishing, Place of Herons Press, and many others letter [Obs., Nov. 14] that the Observer how safe it is. A regular feature of the "seems" to be reaching the point where program will be My Favorite Nuke, with in the future it could be considered people telling how they were benefited "leftist-liberal", Mr. Blount is, doubt- by exposure to radioactive fall-out. less, a splendid and intelligent fellow — SIXTY SECONDS: This is the new, The Old Gunter but a bit slow to catch on. The Observer shortened version of "Sixty Minutes", Welcomes you back has been considered "leftist-liberal" for which will be canceled because of its to San Antonio. 4 more than a decade now, if not longer. length. Sixty Seconds will, each week, As for the letter in the same issue, present an in-depth exploration of en- Single $24 straightening-out the dreadful confusion vironmental issues, with the slant on Double $29 crr' -' in the title of the lesbian/gay groups, and cleaning up the atmosphere, stopping Includes Continental \- Brea kfast lauding their contributions to Carter & chemical dumping and cutting down on Company — Heavens to Betsy, it is so military spending. Convention nice to have that terminology cleared up. SIXTY HOURS: This program will & Catering Facilities Available'`,‘ I do hope they will continue their invalu- present all the issues covered in Sixty • able support of the Democratic Party! Seconds from the industry's and mili- Thomas E. Turner, Sr. tary's point of view. Corpus Christi In addition, all our old favorites like Corner of .St. Mary's & Houston (5121 227.3241 Cheat the Press, Issues Without Answers Prefers mainstream and Deface the Nation will be returning. I'm not enjoying the new editorial staff Last, but not least, those wonderful at all. I think the trend of the magazine is Phillips Petroleum boys will be doing away from mainstream politics and thus bigger and more fascinating ads, showing losing most of its appeal to me. their workers looking for oil on top of a Hugh R. Kelly flag pole and using a new arsenic and Houston cyanide compound to wax floors in pub- Just about ready lic restrooms. at's for Prime Time Lee Ann Evans San Antonio IteR11 c About? Thought you might like to see the new TV shows scheduled for this coming sea- Parisian Charm. Omelette & son so here they are: Champagne Breakfast. Beautiful SHUT UP, AMERICA!: This show Crepes. Afternoon Cocktails. will specialize in cover-ups of major Gallant Waiters. Delicious news stories and environmental issues Houston Chapter Quiche. Evening Romance. and will try to desensitize the public to Continental Steaks. Mysterious things like corporate crime, grovernment A.C.L.U. Women. Famous Pastries. corruption and religious fanaticism. The Cognac & Midnight Rendezvous. first guest will be Billy Clayton who will Seeking a full-time Executive In short, it's about everything explain the difference between a cam- a great European style paign contribution and a bribe. Director and a Staff Attorney restaurant is all about. UNREAL PEOPLE: Designed to counteract the deleterious effects of Apply immediately. shows like "Real People", this show will feature man-on-the-street interviews 1236 W. Gray with Unreal People like Roger Gullible, Houston 77019 310 East 6th St. who believes that the Earth is shaped (713) 524-5925 Austin, Texas like a chocolate Easter Bunny and that 24 NOVEMBER 28, 1980