ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Applied Zoology Acta zool. bulg., 70 (2), 2018: 259-268 Research Article
Deep Sea Fisheries in Mersin Bay, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean: Diversity and Abundance of Shrimps and Benthic Fish Fauna
Yusuf Kenan Bayhan 1* , Deniz Ergüden 2 & Joan E. Cartes 3
1Fisheries Department, Kahta Vocational School, Adiyaman University, 02400, Kahta, Adiyaman, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected] 2Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, 31220, Iskenderun-Hatay, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected] 3ICM-CSIC Institut de Ciencies del Mar, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 3-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: This study was carried out by trawling at depths between 300-601 m in the Mersin Bay (Eastern Mediter - ranean) between May and June 2014. Seven shrimp species ( Aristaeomorpha foliacea , Aristeus antenna - tus , Parapenaeus longirostris , Plesionika edwardsii , Plesionika martia , Pasiphae sivado and Pontocaris lacazei ) were collected as a result of ten trawl operations with a commercial bottom trawl. The most abundant species were P. longirostris (52.06%), A. foliacea (35.64%) and P. edwardsii (9.50%), represent - ing 97.20% of all captured shrimps. The catch per unit e ort (CPUE) ranged from 3.094 kg/h to 9.251 kg/h, with an average value of 5.44 ± 2.01 kg/h for shrimps. A total of 37 sh species (28 teleosts and nine elasmobranchs) were captured. The prevailing sh species in catches were Chlorophthalmus agassizi , Merluccius merluccius and Etmopterus spinax in terms of biomass and Helicolenus dactylopterus , Hoplo - stethus mediterraneus , Trachurus trachurus and Lepidopus caudatus in terms of abundance. Seventeen or 45.95% of the captured sh species were with commercial value, while the remaining 20 (54.05%) consisted of discard shes.
Keywords: Deep-sea shery, Decapoda, Crustacea, benthic sh fauna, Eastern Mediterranean Introduction The Mediterranean Sea has a rich diversity of spe - arriving by several spread routes ( B et cies, incorporating more than 1,500 mollusc, 1,000 al . 2014, E et al. 2016). arthropods (only of Crustacea and Pycnogonida) Although there have been many studies on the and 650 sh species ( Q T 2000, identi cation of bio-ecological characteristics and P L 2008, C et al. 2010, deep-sea population structure in the Mediterranean, Öü et al. 2014, B et al. 2014, B there are limited numbers of studies on the compo - et al. 2014). Recent studies by B et al. sition, diversity, sh abundance and especially size (2014) and E et al. (2016) found a current distribution of the deep-sea species in the Eastern total of 517 sh species in Turkish marine waters: Mediterranean, Turkey ( A 1993, Bş 451 of Osteicthyes, 64 of Chondricthyes, one of 1997, B et al. 1999, C Aş 2005, C et Cephalospidomorphi and one of Holocephali. Some al. 2006, Göü et al. 2010, Yşç Kş 447 species of those sh species are distributed along 2011, D 2012, Yş et al. 2014). Turkey Mediterranean coasts. To date, the number of Large amounts of species in aquatic ecosystems reported sh species is increasing with alien species in the Mediterranean Sea are captured with deep
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
259 Bayhan Y. K., D. Ergüden & J. E. Cartes trawl nets, mainly above the slope of the continental shelf. As in all the world’s oceans, over shing from the continental shelf in the Mediterranean Sea has led to the need of commercial exploitation of resources living in deeper waters and in more distant regions. However, one of the most important factors limit - ing deep-sea shing in the Eastern Mediterranean is the obligation of greater capacity (length and engine power of the boats and requirements for speci c equipment); shing in deep water is hard, laborious and expensive. According to the latest obtained re - Fig. 1. Map indicating the study area. cords, there are 185 bottom trawlers in the Turkish Eastern Mediterranean ( A 2014). The Σ tn = duration of hauling number of boats with permission for shing in in - For the calculation of the swept-trawled area in ternational waters (12 miles and above) outside the the hauling legal shing period is 64 ( A 2014) and (a)= D x h x X 2 equality was used, only 15 of them have been shing in deep water (200 where m and above) in the 2014-2015 shing season. a – trawled area swept by the trawl net; In order to improve the management of marine D – length of the trawled area. living resources at a sustainable level, their species For the precise measurement the geographic diversity and abundances must be known. Therefore, coordinates from the GPS of the boat were con - the aims of this studies are: determination of sher - verted to degrees and transferred to UTM (Universal ies abundance, deep-water species composition of Transverse Mercator) coordinate system with Netcad shrimp and benthic sh fauna, their incidence and program; and the distance between the start and end size distribution of shrimp species living in the deep points for each hauling was calculated. sea for the rst time in international waters of the H – length of the oatlineof the trawl net (23 m).
Mersin Bay, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. X2 – opening ratio of the oatline was taken as 0.5 according to ( P 1980). After each hauling, shes were selected ac - Materials and Methods cording to their species and the total weight of shes Our sampling was carried out on 17 May 2014 in large amounts and lengths of the units separated and 25-27 June 2014 at Mersin Bay (Eastern by sub-sampling method. The number and size of Mediterranean, Turkey) in international waters rang - the shes in small amounts were separately placed in ing between 12.7–35.9 nautical miles from the coast plastic boxes. Fish samples were taken to the Kahta and at water depths between 300 and 601 m. Towing Vocational School laboratory. After the taxonomic was carried out with the commercial trawler “Çınar analyses, the total length and weight of each speci - Bey” (length 26.15 m and engine power 480 hp), men were measured with ± 0.01mm and 0.1 g preci - equipped with a two-warp bottom trawl net. This sion, respectively. All the meristic characters were type of net is legally speci ed for the Mediterranean recorded through microscopic inspection; Olympus and has a 44 mm mesh cod-end and PE material was SZ61 microscope was used for the determination of used. The average towing speed was 2.4 knots, the meristic values. Species determination was accom - trawl operation lasted a total of 53 h and 10 min and plished by specialized keys ( W et al. 1989, the total trawled area was 2,85 km 2. The coordinates N 2006, E 2016). and depths were measured by satellite GPS and The coordinates, depths, hauling time and dura - echo sounder on the boat, respectively. After every tion of the trawl operation are given in Table 1 and hauling the weight of the shrimps which were over - the shery region of the study is shown in Figure 1. weight were measured using digital scales (± 0.1 g) on board and the lightweight shrimps were measured on 0.001 gram precision digital scales in the labora - Results tory. The catch per unit e ort (CPUE) values was As a result of ten trawl operations, seven calculated according to the following formula: shrimp species were captured. These included CPUE = ∑Wn / ∑ tn Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Aristeus antennatus ∑Wn = total weight of samples captured in the of the family Aristeidae, Parapenaeus longirostris nth hauling time for type a of the family Penaeidae, Plesionika edwardsii and
260 Deep Sea Fisheries in Mersin Bay, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean: Diversity and Abundance...
Table 1. Coordinates, depth, time and duration of hauling in the trawl operations.
Coordinates Depth Total Trawling time Average Hauling (N/E) (m) trawling speed number time Da t e nished (knot/h) start nished start nished start (minutes) 36 0 18 ’ 283 ’’ / 36 0 12 ’ 606 ’’ / 410 411 1st 04 55 am 10 00 am 305 2.4 34 0 26 ’ 134 ’’ 34 0 39 ’ 903 ’’ 17.3* 29.7* 36 0 13 ’ 100 ’’ / 36 0 18 ’ 831 ’’ / 399 415 2nd 10 55 am 16 00 pm 305 2.4 34 0 38 ’ 570 ’’ 34 0 25 ’ 760 ’’ 27.0* 16.2* 2014 17 May 36 0 15 ’ 295 ’’ / 36 0 23 ’ 196 ’’ / 522 446 3rd 18 15 pm 22 30 pm 255 2.4 34 0 19’ 806 ’’ 34 0 26 ’ 713 ’’ 12.7* 14.3* 36 0 23 ’ 938 ’’ / 36 0 12 ’ 187 ’’ / 300 542 4th 05 05 am 10 00 am 295 2.4 34 0 28 ’ 532 ’’ 34 0 33 ’ 780 ’’ 15.2* 25.4* 0 ’ ’’ 0 ’ ’’ th 36 12 253 / 36 11 095 / 513 349 50 40 5 0 ’ ’’ 0 ’ ’’ 10 am 15 pm 290 2.4
2014 34 33 986 34 48 085 25.9* 34.6* 25 June 36 0 11 ’ 196 ’’ / 36 0 14 ’ 754 ’’ / 388 386 6th 16 30 pm 20 40 pm 250 2.4 34 0 46 ’ 990 ’’ 34 0 35 ’ 375 ’’ 34.0* 25.4* 36 0 14 ’ 061 ’’ / 36 0 10 ’ 402 ’’ / 377 364 7th 05 40 am 10 05 am 265 2.4 34 0 37 ’ 002 ’’ 34 0 49 ’ 538 ’’ 26.7* 35.9* 0 ’ ’’ 0 ’ ’’ 2014 th 36 08 604 / 36 17 766 / 582 459 15 00 26 June 8 12 pm 20 pm 465 2.4 34 0 38 ’ 593 ’’ 34 0 22 ’ 533 ’’ 30.5* 14.6* 36 0 16 ’ 417 ’’ / 36 0 09 ’ 041 ’’ / 601 557 9th 05 20 am 12 05 pm 405 2.4 34 0 22 ’ 132 ’’ 34 0 35 ’ 851 ’’ 15.4* 28.0* 0 ’ ’’ 0 ’ ’’ 2014 th 36 09 478 / 36 15 501 / 555 593 05 00 27 June 10 13 pm 19 pm 355 2.4 34 0 33 ’ 900 ’’ 34 0 21 ’ 292 ’’ 26.0* 16.2* 3190 (53 hr and 10 Total trawling time min) (*) Distances from the coast (nautical miles)
P. martia of the family Pandalidae, Pasiphae si - longirostris (54.14 kg/km 2), A. foliacea (37.06 kg/ vado of the family Pasiphaeidae and Pontocaris km 2) and P. edwardsii (9.88 kg/km 2), respectively. lacazei of the family Crangonidae. Quantities of The amount of shrimp species captured in each shrimp species captured for each hauling (g) and hauling in operations carried out between depths of average CPUE values and average yield per unit 300-601 m according to the depths is given in Table area for each species are given in Table 2. In terms 3. The values reveal that P. longirostris and P. ed - of their abundance for the captured shrimp species, wardsii show distributions at all depths among the P. longirostris (52.06%), A. foliacea (35.64%) and captured shrimp species and within these shrimp P. edwardsii (9.50%) were the rst three species. species captured outside the two species, the major - The ratio of these three shrimp species to the total ity of P. martia (99.9%), A. antennatus (81.1%) and amount of shrimps was 97.20%. the A. foliacea (69.9%) were captured deeper an av - The CPUE values for shrimp species showed erage depth of 520 m according to the amount. changes between the species such as; 1176-5343 g/h Totally 37 sh species belonging to 33 families for P. longirostris , 0.014-4945 g/h for A. foliacea , in total were obtained from all trawl hauling opera - 0039-297 g/h for A. antennatus, 0031-2557 g/h for tions including 28 species belonging to 26 families P. edwardsii and 0.046-284 g/h for P. martia . As a re - from the group of bony sh (Osteichthyes) and nine sult of all hauling, a total of 65.82 g and 1688 g were species belonging to seven families from the group captured from P. sivado and P. lacazei , respectively. of cartilaginous sh (Chondrichtyes) were captured In each hauling, the catch per unit e ort (CPUE) in in the total trawling time. amount of shrimp regardless of their species ranged The gravimetric data of the sh species cap - from 3.094 kg/h to 9.251 kg/h and the average value tured in ten trawling operations are given in Table was 5.44 ± 2.01. 4. Chlorophthalmus agassizi (708000 g), Merluccius As a result of all trawl operations, the total merluccius (169900 g), and Etmopterus spinax trawled area was 2.85 km 2 and the most captured (141000 g) were the most captured shes, respec - three shrimp species captured in this area were P. tively in terms of quantity. The most numerically
261 Bayhan Y. K., D. Ergüden & J. E. Cartes (g) 3.661 5.343 6.393 9.251 3.384 3.094 6.426 6.713 3.422 6.689 4871 (kg/h) Total 1.688 65.82 CPUE 28153 154300 105608 Average 3372.757 (g) - m Total 270 18000 23600 43150 13150 39720 14528 H10 2450 1300 (574) 1.500 49803.2 11500 22700 44715.12 quantitiy 555-593 17203.603 34000.842 (%100.00) 296372.265 ------* * (kg/h) CPUE 27 June 2014 - - m H9 900 350 1100 (*) (579) 24600 16200 1.688 557-601 P. lacazei P. ------(g) (*) 0.846 1.688 0.842 quanty m H8 ------* * 2200 1600 2300 3.200 26500 17200 (520.5) 459-582 0.013 (kg/h) CPUE P. sivado P. ------(g) 26 June 2014 ------0.001 65.82 3.200 1.500 m 61.120 H7 quanty 0.02 (*) (%0.02) 23600 (370.5) 364-377 ------* 133 284 0.046 (kg/h) CPUE - - - - m 58 H6 470 (387) 14000 386-388 P. martia P. ------(g) 900 270 1.18 2200 0.063 2.757 quanty (%1.14) 3372.757 - - m H5 754 - 7200 (431) 23900 12800 113 61.120 407 163 206 414 1490 2557 349-513 0.039 0.031 (kg/h) ) CPUE 2 25 June 2014 9.88 0.529 - P. edwardsii P. (g) 200 133 470 1100 2000 7200 1600 2450 - - - - - 28153 13000 m quanty H4 (%9.50) 2000 (421) 16000 300-542 - - - - - 156 297 220 0.052 0.039 (kg/h) CPUE - - - m H3 1.71 133 167 0.091 7850 5000 (484) 446-522 - - - - - (g) 350 754 167 A. antennatus 4871 2300 1300 quanty (%1.64) Shrimp species and their quantity (g) and CPUE (kg/h) Shrimp species and their - - - - m - - - - H2 (407) 0.842 13000 21000 3644 4945 3419 3837 1847 0.014 (kg/h) 399-415 CPUE 17 May 2014 1.986 37.06 - - - - A. foliacea 58 (g) 7850 24600 23900 26500 22700 - - - 105608 quanty m H1 200 (%35.64) 0.846 2.757 17000 (410.5) 410-411 1176 3344 3254 5343 2400 2648 2219 1944 3360 4131 (kg/h) CPUE 2.902 54.14 (g) P. longirostris P. 5000 11500 17000 16000 23600 16200 12800 17200 14000 21000 154300 quanty (%52.06) 305 295 265 405 290 465 355 250 305 255 3190 ) 2 (minute) Duration Pasiphaea sivado Pontocaris lacazei Plesionika martia Aristaeomorpha foliacea Plesionika edwardsii Aristeus antennatus Species Parapenaeus longirostris (m) 410 421 370 579 431 520 574 387 407 484 Deepth Average H1 H4 H7 H9 H5 H8 H6 H2 H3 H10
number
Hauling
Average CPUE (kg/h) Average The quantity (g) distribution of shrimp species according to the depth Captured shrimp species, quantities and CPUE (kg/h) values average yield per unit area (kg/km
2014 2014 2014
2014 CPUE (kg/km Average
May June June June
25 25 26 27 Date 17 Total PASIPHAEIDAE CRANGONIDAE ARISTEIDAE PANDALIDAE FAMILIA PENAIDAE Table 2. Table (*) Low value 3. Table
262 Deep Sea Fisheries in Mersin Bay, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean: Diversity and Abundance... captured shes were Helicolenus dactylopterus ing; the ratio of A. foliacea in the total amount of the (364), Hoplostethus mediterraneus (364), Trachurus shing items and the amount of shrimp were 22.45% trachurus (182) and Lepidopus caudatus (125). and 64.61%, respectively. Also, C et al. (2006) Seventeen of 37 caught sh species (45.95%) con - reported in their study that at 400-600 m depths in sisted of species with commercial value and 20 spe - North-Eastern Mediterranean that CPUE values of P. cies (54.05%) consisted of discard shes. Among martia were 4.5 kg/h, 2 units/h and 5 units/h and the the captured shes, the bony sh A. anguilla is at ratio of this species to the total amount of shing items risk at a Critical Endangered (CR) and Pagellus and the amount of shrimp were 5.53% and 6.84%, re - bogaraveo is under Near Threatened (NT), (IUCN spectively. In an another selectivity study, D et al. 2016). Besides captured and discarded cartilagi - (2009) carried out shrimp trawls in the Gulf of Antalya nous species, although it is obvious that Hexanchus (Eastern Mediterranean) at depths of 441-630 m on griseus, Dipturus oxyrinchus, Raja clavata and deep sea shrimps, and ten successful hauls with a total Chimaera monstrosa are in Near Threatened (NT) trawling time of 42 h and 15 min yielded a total weight and Oxynotus centrina is Vulnerable (VU) on the of about 654.1 kg of marketable species (including A. (IUCN 2016) red list for the Mediterranean, these foliacea, A. antennatus, P. longirostris, P. martia, P. species were mistakenly captured in our study. edwardsii, M. merluccius, H. dactylopterus, P. phy - The names of the decapod and cephalopod spe - cis, Lepidorhombus whi agonis, C. agassizi, L. pis - cies captured are given in Table 5 according to chron - catorius and P. bogaraveo ). This four shrimp species ologically and hauling order. Seven species from considered in this study contributed 61.3% (400.8 kg) Decapoda and six species from Cephalopoda class of total marketable yield from the codends and they included in the Mollusca phylum were obtained. reported that the species with the highest amount in were A. foliacea and A. antennatus . Although CPUE (kg/h) values in shing with bottom trawls may vary Discussion according to the region, depths and seasons, as a result As a result of this study carried out in Mersin Bay of the outcomes of operations carried out with bottom for the purpose of determining the species diversity trawls in our study and other studies in North-Eastern of the demersal resources and their abundance in Mediterranean, it was observed that the most captured the Eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Sea, Turkey), species among shrimps were A. foliacea, P. longiro - seven shrimp species belonging to ve families, 37 stris, A. antennatus and P. martia. sh species belonging to 33 families, seven deca - In other studies in the Mediterranean out - pods and six cephalopods belonging to 13 families side Turkey, R et al. (2001) carried out a were captured and the size distribution of the cap - study with bottom trawl nets on the Strait of Sicily. tured shes was identi ed. According to the results of this study; it was de - The rst comprehensive study ( A termined that A. foliacea had the most amount of 1993) to determine the demersal shery sources in weight in the total catch, the remaining catch consist Turkish seas was performed at depths between 20-500 of 26% bony shes, 16% cartilaginous shes, 9% m in Marmara, Aegean and East-West Mediterranean other crustaceans and the remaining 1% consisted (Turkey); 66 sh species belonging to 42 families and of cephalopods. B V (2003) reported 17 invertebrate species were captured in the west - that the amount of giant red shrimps landings ( A. ern Mediterranean during the survey. In the Eastern foliacea ) shows changes between 1-35 kg/day/boat. Mediterranean, 105 sh species belonging to 51 fam - C et al. (1994) in the Catalan Sea (Northwestern ilies and 20 invertebrate species were obtained. We Mediterranean) studies reported that after gather - consider that the reason for greater numbers consid - ing with bottom trawls, it is found out that the spe - ering the family and the species, which were higher cies with the highest amounts were P. heterocar - than our study, arises from the fact that the studies pus at 146-296 m depth, mainly Pasiphaea sivado , by ( A 1993) covered a wide depth range Sergestes arcticus and Processa nouveli, Solenocera starting from 20 meters deep. membrancea and Nephrops norvegicus at 245-485 In their study, C Aş (2005) studied at m depths, and A. antennatus and Calocaris mecan - 400-600 m depth in the North-Eastern Mediterranean drea below 514 m. P et al. (2005) reported to determine the population structure and shing that in the Eastern Ionian Sea at depths of 300-1200 abundance of A. foliacea . They identi ed that CPUE m, among the 40 the decapod species they identi - values which shows changes between 0.94 kg/h and ed, nine were Dendrobranchiata, and 31 were 8.0 kg/h for A. foliacea. They reported that P. martia Pleocyemata (17 Caridea, nine Brachyura, three and A. antennatus were present in the overall sh - Anomura, one Astacideum and one Palinurum). In
263 Bayhan Y. K., D. Ergüden & J. E. Cartes
Table 4. Weight/number and total length of the species captured in all trawl operations.
Length W FAMİLİA Species Number min-max (g) (cm) HEXANCHIDAE Hexanchus griseus 1 90.0 Scyliorhinus canicula 14 28.0-42.5 SCYLIORHINIDAE Galeus melastomus 49 32.5-67.0 ETMOPTERIDAE Etmopterus spinax 141000 15.0-30.5 OXYNOTIDAE Oxynotus centrina 4 40.3-46.0 SQUALIDAE Squalus blainvillei 5 27.5-65.0 Dipturus oxyrinchus 45 24.3-59.0 RAJIDAE Raja clavata 5 28.5-43.5 CHIMAERIDAE Chimaera monstrosa 1 68.0 ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla anguilla* 17 45.2-79.5 NETTASTOMATIDAE Nettastoma melanurum 22 28.5-63.0 ARGENTINIDAE Argentina sphyraena * 17 11.2-14.2 STOMIIDAE Chauliodus sloani 11 16.5-23.0 CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE Chlorophthalmus agassizi* 708000 11.2-19.3 MYCTOPHIDAE Lampanyctus crocodilus 4 15.0-19.0 Nezumia sclerorhynchus 53 17.1-27.3 MACROURIDAE Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus 3 14.0-15.0 Hymenocephalus italicus 6 9.0-15.2 GADIDAE Gadiculus argenteus* 3 13.0-15.0 PHYCIDAE Phycis blennoides* 35 21.5-45.0 MERLUCCIIDAE Merluccius merluccius* 169900 14.3-57.5 LOPHIIDAE Lophius budegassa* 39 17.3-56.5 TRACHICHTHYIDAE Hoplostethus mediterraneus* 364 7.2-18.4 ZEIDAE Zeus faber* 2 16.0-20.0 CENTRISCIDAE Macroramphosus scolopax 13 10.1-13.2 SEBASTIDAE Helicolenus dactylopterus* 364 11.0-28.4 SCORPAENIDAE Scorpaena notata* 68 21.0-26.5 TRIGLIDAE Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei* 6 14.0-16.0 PERISTEDIIDAE Peristedion cataphractum 27 12.0-17.0 EPIGONIDAE Epigonus sp 12 7.0-14.0 CARANGIDAE Trachurus trachurus* 182 17.1-21.3 SPARIDAE Pagellus bogaraveo* 11 15.0-19.0 MULLIDAE Mullus barbatus* 23 18.2-22.0 CALLIONYMIDAE Synchiropus phaeton 23 6.0-16.3 TRICHIURIDAE Lepidopus caudatus* 125 20.0-66.5 CAPROIDAE Capros aper 12 8.0-10.0 SCOPHTHALMIDAE Lepidorhombus whi agonis* 37 21.0-45.5 (*) Commercial species addition, they reported that P. longirostris had the cies ( P. longirostris, A. foliacea, A. antennatus, N. highest amount at 300-500 m depths, P. heterocar - norvegicus and P. martia ) were captured in large pus and P. antigai followed, and A. foliacea and A. amounts in the trawl net. antennatus had the highest amount at 700-900 m and In this study, while there are regional di erences Sergia robusta and Polycheles typhlops at 900-1200 according to the abundance of the species between in m. S et al. (2013) found in their study in the the 300-601 m depths, P. longirostris, A. foliacea and Sicily Bospours found out that several shrimp spe - P. edwardsii were de ned as the species having the
264 Deep Sea Fisheries in Mersin Bay, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean: Diversity and Abundance... - 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 4 1 20 35 ber Total num bs ms ms Size 10 1 1 3 Numb bs bs bs ms ms Size 27 June 2014 9 1 1 7 1 4 Numb ss bs ms mbs Size 8 1 1 1 18 Numb bs bs bs ms Size 26 June 2014 7 1 1 1 1 Numb bs ms ms Size 6 1 1 2 Numb ss ms ms Size smbs 5 1 1 2 16 25 June 2014 Numb ms ms ms ms Size 4 1 1 6 1 Numb Size 3 Numb bs mbs mbs Size 2 2 3 3 17 May 2014 Numb ms ms Size 1 1 2 Numb - - sp - - - sp sp sp Species Geryon longiceps Bathy nectes maravigna Pterocto pus Sepietta Polycheles typhlops Dardanus sp Argonauta argo Histioteu this Illex coin detti Medorippe lanata Latreillia Latreillia elegans Loligo vulgaris nope Parthe Decapod and Cephalopod species captured. FAMILY GERYONIDAE POTUNIDAE DORIPPIDAE OCTOPODIDAE SEPIOLIDAE POLYCHELIDAE DIOGENIDAE ARGONAUTIDAE HİSTİOTEUTHIDAE OMMASTREPHIDAE LATREILLADE LOLIGINIDAE PARTHENOPIDAE Table 5. Table ss= small size, ms= middle bs= big mbs= middle, and size
265 Bayhan Y. K., D. Ergüden & J. E. Cartes highest amounts. Apart from these studies, there are Yşç Kş (2011) stated as a result of haul - numerous other studies on distribution, species com - ing with bottom trawl nets that at 50-250 m depths position and shing abundance of deep sea shrimp and in west Mediterranean coast of Turkey (the Gulf of sh species across the Mediterranean and in Turkey’s Antalya) 41 species of sh belonging to 34 families Mediterranean coast by various researchers ( C were captured and only 12 species belonging to nine 1993, C et al. 1994, 2009, Bş 1997, B families had commercial value. D (2012) cap - et al. 1999, K et al. 2000, R et al. tured 63 species belonging to 33 families in a study 2000, M et al. 2005, P et al. 2005, carried out at 227-777 m depths in Iskenderun Bay F 2007, P et al. 2008, Göü et al. located in the eastern Mediterranean. It was reported 2010, Yşç Kş 2011, R 2014). that 13 of these species were cartilaginous and 50 K et al. (2000) reported that the diver - of them were bony sh. Considering that 37 carti - sity and amount of species changed according to the laginous and bony sh species belonging to 33 fami - depth and season; species and amounts of species had lies were captured in this study carrying out in the higher values in shallow waters and as a result of the northeastern Mediterranean (Mersin Bay) coast of study they had obtained a total of 127 species belong - Turkey, it’s thought that inability to capture certain ing to Osteichthyes, Condrichthyes, Crustaceans and species and the number of species being lower may Cephalopods in their study carried out in Greek ter - be due to the di erence of sampling region, the sam - ritorial waters in the North-Eastern Mediterranean at pling time and the depth variations. In parallel with depths of 50-1000 m with bottom trawl. the results we have obtained, D (2012) identi - As a result of their study on the multiplicity of ed in their study in Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern deep sea sh fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea (Greece), Mediterranean, Turkey) that C. agassizi species had M et al. (2005) reported that among the the highest values in terms of number of units per 101 species of sh they de ned, Argentina sphyraena area, biomass and dominance calculations and H. and C. agassizi as the most common species at 300- dactylopterus had the highest value in terms of fre - 500 m, C. agassizi and Phycis blennoides as the most quency. D (2012) stated that C. agassizi, M. common species at 500-700 m, Galeus melastomus merluccius and L. budegassa, Scyliorhinus canicula, and Nezumia sclerorhynchus as the most common Dipturus oxyrinchus, Coelorhynchus caelorhynchus, species at 700-900 m and Lampanyctus crocodilus L. whi agonis, Phycis blennoides and Synchiropus as the most common species at 900-1200 m and the phaeton were observed in all depths of 30 towing number and abundance of the species reduced de - samplings. However, in our study, when the distribu - pending on the depth. Ṗ et al. (2008) stated in tion according to the depth of the sh species is con - their study in the Eastern Ionian Sea (Greece) that C. sidered, C. agassizi, M. merluccius, L. budegassa, H. agassizii was the most common at 300-500 m fol - mediterraneus, and H. dactylopterus were observed lowed by P. edwardsii and Hymenocephalus italicus, in the trawl net in all hauling operations. At the same A. sphyraena and Plesionika antigai , A. foliacea, P. time, in this study, it was found that the amount of martia, C. agassizii and H. mediterraneus are the non-commercial and discard shes was high com - most common species at 500-700 m, and A. foliacea pared to the total quantity of sh and H. dactylopter - and A. antennatus are the most common at 700-900 m us and T. trachurus were captured in large amounts depth. Similar results obtained in our study, C. agas - in terms of quantity following M. merluccius which sizii was common at 300-600 m depth, M. merluccius have economic importance for the region. Also, as and E. spinax were also found in large amounts. stated in this study and other studies, the number Bş (1997) and Bş E (2000) of species (especially sh) decreases especially as studied the pelagic and demersal sh species from depth increases. According to P et al. (2008), İskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean this situation imposes relatively high constant tem - from a systematic point of view and identi ed 145 perature, high metabolic and decomposition rates at species belonging to 67 families and reported that 19 13-14 °C at depths below 200 m and causes the emer - of them were cartilaginous and 126 were from the gence of a major food shortage problem. T bony sh group. B et al. (1999) reported in their E (1992) and D et al. (1999, study with bottom trawl at 20-600 m depth in North 2000) concluded, as a result of research carried out Cyprus o shore areas that they captured eight carti - in previous years, that due to the Mediterranean laginous shes, 74 bony shes, 14 cephalopods and showing a tendency towards the decrease of macro- ve shrimp species ( A. foliacea, P. longirostris, P. benthic abundance and diversity below 400-500 m martia, A. glaber, P. cataphractus ) and the number depths because of its high oligotrophic feature, this of bony sh species decreased as the depth increased. plays a decisive role in the availability of nutrients.
266 Deep Sea Fisheries in Mersin Bay, Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean: Diversity and Abundance...
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Received: 04.11.2017 Accepted: 06.03.2018
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