DOCSLIB.ORG

Petrosavi Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Petrosavi Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Amborellales Petrosavi Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Acorales G Eenzaadlobbigen G Alismatales Petrosaviales Petrosaviacea Pandanales Dioscoreales Velloziaceae Liliales Triuridaceae Asparagales Stemonaceae Cyclanthaceae Arecales Pandanaceae G Commeliniden G Dasypogonales Poales Nartheciaceae Commelinales Burmanniacea Zingiberales Dioscoreaceae Ceratophyllales Campynemat Melanthiacea Chloranthales Philesiaceae Smilacaceae Canellales Rhipogonacea Piperales Liliaceae G Magnoliiden G Magnoliales Petermanniac Laurales Colchicaceae Luzuriagacea Ranunculales Alstroemeriac Sabiales Corsiaceae Proteales Trochodendrales Buxales Gunnerales Er zijn enkele families aan toeg Berberidopsidales vanuit de Liliales, de Triuridacea Dilleniales de Triuridales zaten, en de Cycla Caryophyllales Santalales Deze orde is omschreven op bas Saxifragales moleculaire kenmerken. G Geavanceerde tweezaadlobbigen G Vitales Crossosomatales Dioscoreales Geraniales Deze nieuwe orde omvat 3 fami Myrtales waarvan de 4-5 geslachten uit d Zygophyllales Yamswortelfamilie (Dioscoreacea Celastrales bladgroenloze Burmanniaceae u Malpighiales op moleculaire en morfologische G Fabiden G Oxalidales Fabales Rosales Liliales Cucurbitales De Liliales was een behoorlijk g Fagales kleiner geworden. Een deel van Brassicales G G verhuisd. Malviden Malvales Sapindales De Leliefamilie is geëxplodeerd Cornales familie geplaatst en soms ook n Ericales G Asteriden G van morfologische en molecula Garryales de vroegere Orchidales in de Lil G Lamiiden G Gentianales Solanales Liliales hebben meestal honingk Lamiales bloemdekbladen, in tegenstellin Aquifoliales ze op het vruchtbeginsel zitten G Campanuliden G Apiales Dipsacales helmhokken die naar buiten to 3 Asterales kleurpatronen op de bloemdek Petrosaviales | Pandanales | Dioscore Petrosaviaceae Petrosaviales Petrosaviales De orde Petrosaviales is een The order Petrosaviales is a recent neces Velloziaceae noodgreep. Hij omvat maar It contains only 1 family with 2 genera, Triuridaceae which cannot be placed anywhere else o Stemonaceae 1 familie met 2 geslachten, die Cyclanthaceae op basis van moleculair the basis of molecular studies. It is clear belong in the monocots. Pandanaceae onderzoek nergens anders te Nartheciaceae plaatsen zijn. Wel is bekend Pandanales Burmanniaceae dat ze ergens in de Dioscoreaceae Pandanales used to contain only one fam eenzaadlobbigen thuishoren. the Screw-pines (Pandanaceae), and wer Campynemataceae placed near the Palms (Arecaceae). Melanthiaceae Pandanales Now they form a group within the Philesiaceae De Pandanales bestonden monocots together with the order Smilacaceae Rhipogonaceae eerst alleen uit de Dioscoreales. Some families have been Liliaceae Schroefpalmfamilie added: Velloziaceae and Stemonaceae fr Petermanniaceae (Pandanaceae) en werden in Liliales, Triuridaceae, which used to be Colchicaceae placed in the Triuridales together with Luzuriagaceae de buurt van de Palmen Petrosaviaceae, and Cyclanthaceae from Alstroemeriaceae (Arecaceae) geplaatst. Corsiaceae Cyclanthales. This order is now based on Nu vormen ze samen met de morphological as well as molecular Dioscoreales een groep binnen characters. de eenzaadlobbigen. Er zijn enkele families aan toegevoegd: de Velloziaceae en Stemonaceae Dioscoreales vanuit de Liliales, de Triuridaceae, die samen met de Petrosaviaceae in This new order contains 3 families: de Triuridales zaten, en de Cyclanthaceae uit de Cyclanthales. Nartheciaceae, of which the 4-5 genera Deze orde is omschreven op basis van zowel morfologische als come from the order Liliales, Dioscoreac moleculaire kenmerken. also from Liliales, and the usually achlorophyllous Burmanniaceae from Dioscoreales Orchidales. This group is based on molec and morphological characters. Deze nieuwe orde omvat 3 families: de Beenbreekfamilie (Nartheciaceae), waarvan de 4-5 geslachten uit de Liliales afkomstig zijn, de Liliales Yamswortelfamilie (Dioscoreaceae), ook uit de Liliales, en de meestal The order Liliales used to be fairly large, bladgroenloze Burmanniaceae uit de Orchidales. Deze groep is gebaseerd with 15 families, but has now been grea op moleculaire en morfologische kenmerken. reduced. A number of families has been moved to the Asparagales. Liliales The Liliaceae have exploded. Many gene De Liliales was een behoorlijk grote orde met 15 families, maar is veel have been placed in separate families, so kleiner geworden. Een deel van de families is naar de Asparagales of which have been moved to the order verhuisd. Asparagales. Because of morphological and molecular characters Corsiaceae have been moved De Leliefamilie is geëxplodeerd. Veel geslachten zijn in een eigen the Liliales from the former order familie geplaatst en soms ook naar de Asparagales verplaatst. Op basis Orchidales. van morfologische en moleculaire kenmerken zijn de Corsiaceae vanuit Liliales usually have nectaries at the base de vroegere Orchidales in de Liliales geplaatst. the tepals, while other monocots have septal nectaries on the ovaries. Liliales hebben meestal honingklieren aan de basis van de Most Liliales have extrorse anthers. bloemdekbladen, in tegenstelling tot de andere eenzaadlobbigen, waar Colour patterns on the perianth occur ze op het vruchtbeginsel zitten. Ook hebben de meeste Liliales frequently. helmhokken die naar buiten toe openspringen, en komen kleurpatronen op de bloemdekbladen regelmatig voor. Dioscoreales | Liliales I Schroefpalmenfamilie (Pandanaceae) es I Petrosaviaceae De soortenrijkste familie ui osaviales is a recent necessity. De Petrosaviaceae in brede zin omvatten met 4 geslachten en meer d 1 family with 2 genera, 2 geslachten: Petrosavia en Japanolirion, elk 800 soorten van bomen, str e placed anywhere else on met 2 soorten. Petrosavia was ook wel het die vanuit de bladoksels bij lecular studies. It is clear they enige geslacht in deze familie, Japanolirion Ze komen voor van West A monocots. komt uit de Melanthiaceae. Oceaan. Ze hebben stekelig Het zijn planten met een kruipende eindstandige bloeiwijzen m s wortelstok, die voorkomen in Japan, China Ze lijken op Palmen, maar s en het Maleise gebied. Over Japanolirion is familie verwijderd. d to contain only one family, weinig bekend. Petrosavia is een kleine s (Pandanaceae), and were plant met schubvormige bladeren en zonder Palms (Arecaceae). bladgroen, die samenleeft met een a group within the schimmel. De bloemen zijn regelmatig en 3- ther with the order tallig, de vrucht bestaat uit een aantal ome families have been kokervuchten. ceae and Stemonaceae from ceae, which used to be riuridales together with and Cyclanthaceae from his order is now based on as well as molecular Petrosavia sinii es contains 3 families: I Velloziaceae of which the 4-5 genera Een familie met order Liliales, Dioscoreaceae, 9 geslachten en es, and the usually 240 soorten van aan de s Burmanniaceae from droogte aangepaste group is based on molecular planten uit Zuid- Amerika, Afrika, ical characters. Madagascar tot Arabië en China. Ze hebben Chinese yam stekelige bladeren en es used to be fairly large, vrij grote bloemen. s, but has now been greatly mber of families has been Vellozia brevifolia Asparagales. I Yamswortelfamilie (D ave exploded. Many genera Dit is de soortenrijkste fam ed in separate families, some slechts 4 genera, maar wel been moved to the order Ze groeien meestal in de tr planten, meestal met knoll phological and molecular I Cyclanthaceae windende stengels. De blad iaceae have been moved to Een familie met 12 geslachten hartvormig. De bloemen zij m the former order en meer dan 200 soorten uit of schermen. De vrucht is e Midden- en tropisch 3 randen of vleugels. De be have nectaries at the base of Zuid-Amerika. soort uit deze familie is de e other monocots have Ze lijken soms op palmen batatas), een belangrijke vo on the ovaries. en kunnen behoorlijk grote Andere soorten worden eld ve extrorse anthers. bladeren hebben. on the perianth occur Van de jonge bladeren van Carludovica palmata worden de beroemde panamahoeden gemaakt. Carludovica ales I Schroefpalmenfamilie (Pandanaceae) eae De soortenrijkste familie uit deze orde, ae in brede zin omvatten met 4 geslachten en meer dan etrosavia en Japanolirion, elk 800 soorten van bomen, struiken en klimmers, Petrosavia was ook wel het die vanuit de bladoksels bijwortels maken. n deze familie, Japanolirion Ze komen voor van West Afrika tot de Stille lanthiaceae. Oceaan. Ze hebben stekelige bladeren en n met een kruipende eindstandige bloeiwijzen met kleine bloemen. voorkomen in Japan, China Ze lijken op Palmen, maar staan ver van deze gebied. Over Japanolirion is familie verwijderd. Petrosavia is een kleine bvormige bladeren en zonder samenleeft met een oemen zijn regelmatig en 3- t bestaat uit een aantal Pandanus I Leliefamilie (Liliacea Deze familie telt nog ma Petrosavia sinii ruim 600 soorten van bol in gematigde streken van I Velloziaceae vooral in Noord-Amerika Een familie met door hun grote bloemen, 9 geslachten en bloemdek, 6 meeldraden 240 soorten van aan de vruchtbeginsel. Tot deze droogte aangepaste geliefde tuinplanten, zoa planten uit Zuid- (Fritillaria), de Lelie (Lilium Amerika, Afrika, In Nederland komen alled Madagascar tot Arabië het wild voor, en de Geel en China. Ze hebben Chinese yam stekelige bladeren en vrij grote bloemen. I Herfsttijloosfamilie Een familie van 18 geslac olia van kruiden met bollen o I Yamswortelfamilie (Dioscoreaceae) voorkomen in tropische e Dit is de soortenrijkste familie in deze orde, met maar niet in Zuid-Amerik slechts 4 genera, maar wel bijna 900 soorten.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Floristic and Ecological Characterization of Habitat Types on an Inselberg in Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil
    Acta Botanica Brasilica - 31(2): 199-211. April-June 2017. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062016abb0409 Floristic and ecological characterization of habitat types on an inselberg in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil Luiza F. A. de Paula1*, Nara F. O. Mota2, Pedro L. Viana2 and João R. Stehmann3 Received: November 21, 2016 Accepted: March 2, 2017 . ABSTRACT Inselbergs are granitic or gneissic rock outcrops, distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Th ey are considered terrestrial islands because of their strong spatial and ecological isolation, thus harboring a set of distinct plant communities that diff er from the surrounding matrix. In Brazil, inselbergs scattered in the Atlantic Forest contain unusually high levels of plant species richness and endemism. Th is study aimed to inventory species of vascular plants and to describe the main habitat types found on an inselberg located in the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. A total of 89 species of vascular plants were recorded (belonging to 37 families), of which six were new to science. Th e richest family was Bromeliaceae (10 spp.), followed by Cyperaceae (seven spp.), Orchidaceae and Poaceae (six spp. each). Life forms were distributed in diff erent proportions between habitats, which suggested distinct microenvironments on the inselberg. In general, habitats under similar environmental stress shared common species and life-form proportions. We argue that fl oristic inventories are still necessary for the development of conservation strategies and management of the unique vegetation on inselbergs in Brazil. Keywords: endemism, granitic and gneissic rock outcrops, life forms, terrestrial islands, vascular plants occurring on rock outcrops within the Atlantic Forest Introduction domain, 416 are endemic to these formations (Stehmann et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing History
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 911 Tracing History Phylogenetic, Taxonomic, and Biogeographic Research in the Colchicum Family BY ANNIKA VINNERSTEN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2003 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Lindahlsalen, EBC, Uppsala, Friday, December 12, 2003 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Vinnersten, A. 2003. Tracing History. Phylogenetic, Taxonomic and Biogeographic Research in the Colchicum Family. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 911. 33 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5814-9 This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB- rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demonstrated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Properties of Colchicum Kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef
    AJCS 4(5):369-371 (2010) ISSN:1835-2707 Anatomical properties of Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. (Colchicaceae) Ahmet Kahraman*, Ferhat Celep Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. (syn. Merendera kurdica Bornm.) (Colchicaceae), which grows in alpine steppe in the southern Turkey, Iran and Iraq, is a perennial acaulescent plant. This investigation presents anatomical features of C. kurdicum for the first time. Anatomical studies have been carried out on tranverse sections of roots, leaves and surface sections of the leaves of the species. The plant has the roots with 4 to 6-layered cortex, 4 sets of protoxylem arms and one large metaxylem, anomocytic stomata, amphistomatic and equifacial leaves, 2-layered (rarely 3) palisade parenchyma and 2 to 3-layered spongy parenchyma. The stomata are 30-37 µm long and 22-36 µm wide. Raphides (elongated needle-shaped crystals) were investigated in the roots of C. kurdicum and their distribution were determined. Key words: Colchicaceae; Colchicum kurdicum; Anatomy; Turkey Introduction Colchicaceae, which is a family with a complicated an important commercial value especially in ornamental, distribution pattern, is made up of 19 genera distributed in food and medicinal industries (Celik et al., 2004). C. Africa, Asia , Australia, Eurasia and North America (Vinner- kurdicum may be used as an ornamental plant because of its sten and Reeves, 2003). The pattern indicates an early beautiful purple flowers. It is known as “Karçiçeği” in Gondwanan distribution, however a previous investigation Turkey. Colchicine is the main alkaloid of some genera of the (Vinnersten and Bremer, 2001) revealed that the family is family Colchicaceae such as Colchicum, Merendera and much younger.
    [Show full text]
  • New Chromosome Counts and Other Karyological Data for Members of the Stemonaceae
    Blumea 66, 2021: 53–56 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.02 New chromosome counts and other karyological data for members of the Stemonaceae M. Kiehn1,2, E.M. Temsch2, L.A. Pernausl2, M. Hofbauer2, G. Chen3, S. Vajrodaya4, J. Schinnerl2 Key words Abstract Chromosome numbers and other karyological data for ten Stemona species and for Stichoneuron cauda- tum are presented, including first reports for Stemona burkillii, S. involuta, S. mairei and S. phyllantha. All investigated chromosome length taxa of Stemona exhibit n = x = 7 (2n = 14) chromosomes. For Stichoneuron caudatum an earlier count revealing chromosome number 2n = 18 is confirmed. The observed chromosome lengths range between 0.9 and 6.9 μm (largest chromosome in genome size Stichoneuron caudatum). Additionally, the genome sizes of seven Stemona species and of Stichoneuron caudatum karyology are reported. The obtained results are compared with literature data and discussed. Stemona Stemonaceae Stichoneuron Citation: Kiehn M, Temsch EM, Pernausl LA, et al. 2021. New chromosome counts and other karyological data for members of the Stemonaceae. Blumea 66 (1): 53–56. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.02. Effectively published online: 10 March 2021. INTRODUCTION (H.Lév.) K.Krause, S. phyllantha Gagnep., S. tuberosa Lour., as well as for Stichoneuron caudatum Ridl., and includes the re- The small monocotyledonous family Stemonaceae is placed sults of first studies on the four species S. burkillii, S. involuta, in the Pandanales (APG 2016) and comprises four genera S. mairei and S. phyllantha. For S. curtisii, the exact chromo- (Croomia Torr., Pentastemona Steenis, Stemona Lour., Sticho- some number is determined for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination of Two Species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from High-Altitude Quartzitic Grasslands, Brazil
    Acta bot. bras. 21(2): 325-333. 2007 Pollination of two species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from high-altitude quartzitic grasslands, Brazil Claudia Maria Jacobi1,3 and Mário César Laboissiérè del Sarto2 Received: May 12, 2006. Accepted: October 2, 2006 RESUMO – (Polinização de duas espécies de Vellozia (Velloziaceae) de campos quartzíticos de altitude, Brasil). Foram pesquisados os polinizadores e o sistema reprodutivo de duas espécies de Vellozia (Velloziaceae) de campos rupestres quartzíticos do sudeste do Brasil. Vellozia leptopetala é arborescente e cresce exclusivamente sobre afloramentos rochosos, V. epidendroides é de porte herbáceo e espalha- se sobre solo pedregoso. Ambas têm flores hermafroditas e solitárias, e floradas curtas em massa. Avaliou-se o nível de auto-compatibilidade e a necessidade de polinizadores, em 50 plantas de cada espécie e 20-60 flores por tratamento: polinização manual cruzada e autopolinização, polinização espontânea, agamospermia e controle. O comportamento dos visitantes florais nas flores e nas plantas foi registrado. As espécies são auto-incompatíveis, mas produzem poucas sementes autogâmicas. A razão pólen-óvulo sugere xenogamia facultativa em ambas. Foram visitadas principalmente por abelhas, das quais as mais importantes polinizadoras foram duas cortadeiras (Megachile spp.). Vellozia leptopetala também foi polinizada por uma espécie de beija-flor territorial. A produção de sementes em frutos de polinização cruzada sugere que limitação por pólen é a causa principal da baixa produção natural de sementes. Isto foi atribuído ao efeito combinado de cinco mecanismos: autopolinização prévia à antese, elevada geitonogamia resultante de arranjo floral, número reduzido de visitas por flor pelo mesmo motivo, pilhagem de pólen por diversas espécies de insetos e, em V.
    [Show full text]
  • Stemonaceae): an Endemic to Indo-Myanmar
    Modern Phytomorphology 3: 39–44, 2013 FRUIT AND SEED DISCOVERIES IN STICHONEURON MEMBraNACEUM HOOK. F. (STEMONACEAE): AN ENDEMIC TO INDO-MYANMAR Koushik Majumdar & B.K. Datta Abstract. Stichoneuron membranaceum Hook. f. is an endemic species of Indo-Myanmar hotspot whose fruit and seed remained unknown to science since 1850, until they were collected from Tripura, Northeast India. Based on these gatherings, this study is the first report about the development and morphological features of fruit and seed. Earlier historical collections of this species were discussed. Its preferred habitat, possible pollinating agents and seed dispersal mechanism were also investigated. Key words: Stichoneuron membranaceum, morphology, fruit, seed, hermaphroditism Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Tripura University Suryamaninagar, 799022 Tripura, India; [email protected] Introduction Deb 1983), Sylhet of Bangladesh (Barbhuiya & Gogoi 2010) and Northern Burma (Tanaka Stemonaceae is a very important et al. 2007; Inthachub et al. 2009). Whereas, monocotyledon family, since it is the only species S. bognerianum Duyfjes,S. calcicola source of the stemona alkaloids (Ye et al. Inthachub, S. caudatum Ridl. and S. halabalensis 1994; Pilli & Ferreira 2000). The extracts Inthachub are mainly distributed in Peninsular from tuberous roots of Stemonaceae are Thailand and Malesia Inthachub( et al. popular to be used as insecticides and several 2009). Fruit and seed formation and their other traditional medicines (Valkenburg & characteristics were well described for above Bunyapraphatsara 2002; Inthachub et al. mentioned four Peninsular-Malesian species; 2009). There are c. 3 genera Croomia( Torr., where fruit usually elongate, apex acute or Stemona Lour. and Stichoneuron Hook. f.) and beaked, seed broad-ellipsoid, longitudinally c.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Phylogenetic Systematics: a Review of Concepts with Examples from the Agave Family
    Classification and Phylogenetic Systematics: A review of concepts with examples from the Agave Family David Bogler Missouri Botanical Garden • Taxonomy – the orderly classification of organisms and other objects • Systematics – scientific study of the diversity of organisms – Classification – arrangement into groups – Nomenclature – scientific names – Phylogenetics – evolutionary history • Cladistics – study of relationships of groups of organisms depicted by evolutionary trees, and the methods used to make those trees (parsimony, maximum likelihood, bayesian) “El Sotol” - Dasylirion Dasylirion wheeleri Dasylirion gentryi Agave havardii, Chisos Mountains Agavaceae Distribution Aristotle’s Scala Naturae Great Chain of Being 1579, Didacus Valades, Rhetorica Christiana hierarchical structure of all matter and life, believed to have been decreed by God Middle Ages Ruins of Rome Age of Herbalists Greek Authorities Aristotle Theophrastus Dioscorides Latin was the common language of scholars Plants and animals given Latinized names Stairway to Heaven From Llull (1304). Note that Homo is between the plant-animal steps and the sky-angel- god steps. Systematics - Three Kinds of Classification Systems Artificial - based on similarities that might put unrelated plants in the same category. - Linnaeus. Natural - categories reflect relationships as they really are in nature. - de Jussieu. Phylogenetic - categories based on evolutionary relationships. Current emphasis on monophyletic groups. - Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Carolus Linnaeus 1707 - 1778 Tried to name and classify all organism Binomial nomenclature Genus species Species Plantarum - 1753 System of Classification “Sexual System” Classes - number of stamens Orders - number of pistils Linnaean Hierarchy Nested box-within-box hierarchy is consistent with descent from a common ancestor, used as evidence by Darwin Nomenclature – system of naming species and higher taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Velloziaceae in Honorem Appellatae
    Phytotaxa 175 (2): 085–096 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.2.3 Velloziaceae in honorem appellatae RENATO MELLO-SILVA & NANUZA LUIZA DE MENEZES University of São Paulo, Department of Botany, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Four new species of Vellozia are described and named after people linked to Velloziaceae and Brazilian botany. Vellozia everaldoi, V. giuliettiae, V. semirii and V. strangii are endemic to the Diamantina Plateau in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Vellozia giuliettiae and V. semirii are small species that share characteristics that would assign them to Vellozia sect. Xerophytoides, which include an ericoid habit with no leaf furrows and six stamens. Vellozia everaldoi, although a small, ericoid species, could not be placed in that section because it has conspicuous furrows, although it is considered closely related to species of that section. The fourth species, V. strangii, is a relative large species closely related to V. hatschbachii. Descriptions and illustrations of the species are followed by a discussion of their characteristics and putative relationships. Key words: Brazil, campos rupestres, Espinhaço Range, Vellozia, Vellozia sect. Xerophytoides, Xerophyta Introduction Vellozia Vandelli (1788: 32) comprises a few more than 100 species endemic to the Neotropics, mostly in relatively dry, rocky or sandy habitats (Mello-Silva 2010, Mello-Silva et al. 2011). Following revision of Neotropical members of the family (Smith & Ayensu 1976), several new species have been described (Smith & Ayensu 1979, 1980, Smith 1985a,b, 1986, Menezes 1980a, Menezes & Semir 1991, Mello-Silva & Menezes 1988, 1999a,b, Mello-Silva 1991a, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2004a, in press, Alves 1992, 2002, Alves et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Relationships, Distribution and Biological Activities of Stemona
    Structural Relationships, Distribution and Biological Harald Greger Activities of Stemona Alkaloids Review Abstract littoralis exhibited very high insect toxicity for the roots of Stemona species containing certain protostemonine derivatives, Stemona alkaloids represent a unique class of natural products especially didehydrostemofoline, whereas those with dominat- exclusively isolated from the monocotyledonous family Stemo- ing stichoneurine or croomine derivatives showed low toxicity naceae comprising three genera mainly distributed in southeast but sometimes remarkable repellence due to an accumulation Asia. Structurally the alkaloids are characterised by a pyrrolo[1,2- of tuberostemonine. Tuberostemonine also showed effects on a]azepine nucleus usually linked with two carbon chains mostly the motility of helminth worms and reduced the excitatory forming terminal lactone rings. Based on biosynthetic considera- transmission at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. Significant tions and their various distribution the present review describes antitussive activity was shown for the stereoisomeric neotuber- 82 Stemona alkaloids grouped into three skeletal types. Due to ostemonine in guinea-pig after cough induction by citric acid different carbon chains attached to C-9 of the pyrroloazepine aerosol stimulation. Studies on structure-activity relationship nucleus they were classified into stichoneurine-, protostemo- with seven related compounds revealed that the saturated tri- nine- and croomine-type alkaloids. The genera Croomia and cyclic pyrrolobenzazepine nucleus of tuberostemonines is the Stichoneuron only accumulate croomine or stichoneurine deriva- prerequisite for antitussive activity. tives, respectively, whereas the genus Stemona produces all three types of alkaloids. However, species-specific accumulation Key words 99 trends towards certain structural types represent valuable che- Stemona alkaloids ´ pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine alkaloids ´ structural mosystematic criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • 2002 12 the Cerrados of Brazil.Pdf
    00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page i The Cerrados of Brazil 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page ii 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page iii The Cerrados of Brazil Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Savanna Editors Paulo S. Oliveira Robert J. Marquis Columbia University Press New York 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page iv Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex © 2002 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The cerrados of Brazil : ecology and natural history of a neotropical savanna / Paulo S. Oliveira and Robert J. Marquis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-231-12042-7 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-231-12043-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Cerrado ecology—Brazil. I. Oliveira, Paulo S., 1957– II. Marquis, Robert J., 1953– QH117 .C52 2002 577.4'8'0981—dc21 2002022739 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page v Contents Preface vii 1 Introduction: Development of Research in the Cerrados 1 Paulo S. Oliveira and Robert J. Marquis I Historical Framework and the Abiotic Environment 2 Relation of Soils and Geomorphic Surfaces in the Brazilian Cerrado 13 Paulo E. F. Motta, Nilton Curi, and Donald P.
    [Show full text]