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Test Project Foreword APOLLO -SOYUZ TEST PROJECT FOREWORD The document oontainsaontaina materials on the Soyuz-Apollo teettest and consists of two parts, prepared by the USSR and USA sides res-res­ peotive1y.peatively, Both partsparta outline the purposes and program of the miseion,mission, the spacecraft design, the flight plan and information anon jointjoint and unilateral scientific experiments.experiments, Brief biographies of the cosmonauts and a~tronauta,astronauts, the jointjoint mission crew members,member@, are also presented*presented. The document covers technical support activities providing rnia~ionmission control and gives informationinfomation about the ASTP Soviet and American leaders,leaders. AsAa the USSR and USA parts of the document have been prepared b independently,independently, there might be duplication Inin the section8sections dealing with the joint activities.activities, The documentdocwnent is intended for press representatfve~representatives and various massmas information means.means, CONCONTENTSTEN TS Page 1.01.0 INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION .......................................ill •••••••••••••••• 10 1,.1.11 BackgroundBackground ..."" ...................................a....,. .. III ••••••••• .. • • •••••• .. • .. ••• • 10 1.21.2 Apollo-SoyuzApollo-Soyuz jointjointtestprojectobjectiveaaee.~~test project objectives............ 1313 2.02.0 COMPATIBILITYCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMSPROBLEMS ..•.............................0.0 .... 0.................. 1515 2.12.1 SpacecraftSpacecraft compatibilitycompatibility condiconditionstions andand principal solutionssolutions acceptedaccepted forfor Apollo-SoyuzApollo-Soyuz Test Mission .0.l 15 2.22.2 CompatibilityCompatibility ofof groundground flightflight controlcontrol personnel...personnel ... 18 2.32.3 MethodologicalMethodological compatibility.......................compatibility ....................... 20 3.0 SPACECRAFT 22 3.0 SOYUZsowz SPACECRAFT o...................................••• ••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••• •••••••• 22 3310 1 Purpose.Purpoae . BriefBfief datadata onon SoyuzSoyuz spacecraftspacecraft flights •••...., 22 3.23. 2 SoyuzSoyuz spacecraftspacecraft descriptiondescription ...•.........•••.•...••....................... 25 3.2.13.2.1 GeneralGeneral descriptiondescription ofof thethe SoyuzSoyuz spacecraft..spacecraft .. 25 MainMain characteristics.........................characteristice.. ....................... 25 General-arrangementGeneral-arrangement diagramdiagram••....•••••••••••• .................. 25 DescriptionDescription ofof the spacecraft modules:modules. •.•...•....... 31 De&scentscent Vehicle.·Vehicle ...........................••.••••• •· •• 0 • •• ••••••••• 31 OrbiOrbitaltal MoModuledule .•..•.•••••••.•.••••.••••••........................... 34 Instrument-AssemblyInstrument-Asrsembly Module •••••..•••.•.••............... 38 3.2.23.2.2 AndrogynousAndrogynous PeripherialPexipherial Docking SystemSys tern (APDS) 41 PurpPurpose0 sa •••••••.•..................................* * ••••••••• ••••••••••••• • 41 APDSAPDS developmentdevelopment .............•.••.••••.••......................... 42 APDSAPDS dedesignsign .............................. 43 APDSAPDS operationoperation during docking/undocking.docking/undocking ....••• 45 TheThe differencedifference between Soyuz and Apol~oApoll.o docking.eYetQ~ijdocking.@~st8~8••...••.•••.••..•.•.....•••........................... 50 3.2.33.2.3 Attitude and Motion Control System (AMCS)(MCS) ••••.... 50 - 2 - PagePage AMOSANICS functionfunction andand structure.structure . CommandCommand sensorssenflors 5151 VisionVision devices,devices. orientationorientation monitorsmonitors andand cont-cont- rollersrollera ..................................... 5252 SoyuzSoyuz dockingdocking targetstargets .•.•......•.•••••••.•......................... 5353 OnboardOnboard orientationorientation lightslights•.••.••••.•..••••..................... 5353 AMCSMCS jetjet thrustersthrusters andand rendezvousrendezvous -.correc-correc- tingtiag propulsionpropulsion syay stemstem •.••......................••••••.•••.•.....• 5353 .ANICSAMCS modes.....................modea ............................................... 5454 AMOSADnCS operationoperation duringduring rendezvous,rendezvous, approachapproach andand dockingdocking ·................................... ······ '. ··.····.···· .. ·........ 5656 3.2.4 LifeLife support~lupportsystemsystem (LSS)(LSS) •.•.•..•••.•...•••..••...................... 5858 PurposePurpose andand compositioncomposition .•.•.••.•.•••••••••••..................... 5858 GasGas compositioncomposition supportsupport systemsystem ••••....•....•.............. 5959 PrePressuressure suisuitst s ............................... 6161 ThermalThem1 controlcontrol systemsystem •..•.•.•........•..•........................ 6363 FoodFood supplysupply systemsystem •.•••..................•............................ 6666 WaterWater supplysupply systemsystem ............................................, ..... 6868 Clothes clothe^ .............................................' . 6969 IndividualIndividual hygienehygiene facilitiesf acilitiea•.•••••••.•.••• ............... 6969 WasteWaste managementmanagement systemsystem...•..•........•••.•• ..................... 1070 3.2.5 Radio/Electronic&dio/~lectronicequipment..................... equipment ..................... 1171 VolumeVolume communicationcommunication systemsystem ..•.•.•••••••••.•................. 1171 TV-systemTV-aygtem .'..~...~..~...~~~~.~~.....*........•• * •• •••••••••••••• •••• • • •• ••••• • 7474 CableCable communicationcommunication systemsystem•.•.••..•..••••••• .................. 1474 CommandCommand radioradio system........................system. ....................... 1474 OnboardOnboard te.',emetryte?.emetrysystem.................... system... ................. 1575 OrbitOrbit parametersparameters measurementmeasurement system..system, •........•• ••••• 1676 3.33.3 BasicBasic datadata onon thethe SoyuzSoyuz spacecraftspacecraft launchlaunch vehiclevehicle••••.• ...... 7676 - 3 - Page 3.4 Biomedical requirements .................................................' . 78 ~ 4.0 MISSION DESCRIPTION ••••••••a*.... **~**............eeee*oo*e..•••....•••••.•••••••••••• 81 4.1 Nominal mission model •••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••.................................. 81 4.2 Explanation of the preferred mission profile. Launch windows ••••••••••••••• I ••••••••••••••••••••• " ••••••••• 84 Spacecraft launch sequence •...•••.•..••••••••................... 84 Launch windows •.••••••..........................*...."...................... 86 Launch time •.••.•••...•..••••••••••••••••.•••.................................,, 87 Assembly orbit •.••••••••••••.•••.•••••••.••••.........................em...e 88 So~oyuzyuz maneuvemaneuvers rs ••.•.••.•........•.•..•...••••.............................. 89 SoyuzSOYUZlanding ••••••••.•••••..••..••••••••••••................................ 89~9 4.3 Soyuz independent flight •.•••.....•.•••..••••••••.•••............................. 89 Description ...................................................................... 89 Timeline of major events ...............................' . 4.4 Rendezvous and docking •.•.....•.•..•.........•...••.•............................... 92 I>escriptionDescription lll...................................•••••• •• ••• •• ••••••••• •• ••••••• • • • 92 Timeline of the major eventseventa 4*5 Crew joint activity in the orbit orbit...--.^...-.-..-..--..•••••.••..•••.•••••••• 95 Spacecraft rendezvous ••••.•.••.••••••••••••••........................ 96 Approach and docking ••••.•••.••••••.•••••.•••....................... 97 DockeDockedd flight •••••••.•••••••••.••••••.•••••••..........e.......*e.o.o..m 97 Undocking,Undocking. redocking and final undockingeundocking•.•••• ..... 102 Joint experiments during the independent flight of the spacecraft •.•••••••••.••••••••.•••••.••...8.e*e......ee......e*..... 104 Separation of the spacecraft pacec craft..,.....^........^.••.•••••••••.•••• 104 4.6 Soyuz independent flight after the spacecraft separation 117 Description................................Description ..b..................*....~~~......••• 117 d Timeline of major events··.··e~ent~~~~~~~..••••••...•••.••................ - 4 - PagePage 4.74.7 PreparationPreparation forfor descent;descent; SoyuzSoyuz descentdescent •••••••••••..•••.. .............. 118118 Descriptionhscription TimelineTimeline ofof majormajor eventsevents 44080 8 C.rewCrew recoveryrecovery .............................................., ..................................• 119119 5.05.0 SCIENTIFICSCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMaTSee*•••••.•••.•..•....•••••••.•••.•• ............................. 121I21 5.15+1 UnilateralUnilateral scientificscientific experimentsexperimenta ••••••••••••..••••.••..................... 121 AstrophysicalAstrophysical experimentsexperiments •.•••.•••••.•.•.••••. ................... 121 PhotographyPhotography ofof thethe soJasola rr coronacorona andand zodiao:alzodiad.al lightlight againstagainst thethe backgroundbackground ofof thethe nightnight skysky 121 InvestigationInvestigation ofof refractionreflaction andand transparencytransparency ofof thethe upperupper layerslayers ofof thethe atmosphere........atrnoaphere ........ 122 PhotographyPhotography ofof daytimedaytime andand duskdusk horizon......horizon ...... 123 BiologicalBiological experimentsexperiments •.••••...•.•..••••••••...................... 124 Micro-organism growth•••••••••••.••••••••••• 124 FishFish embryonicembryonic developmentdevelopment •.•••••.••••••.••••..................
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