The Kościuszko Foundation
THE FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
BY-LAWS
1926*1927 The Kościuszko Foundation
FOR MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS AND THE PROMOTION OF INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN POLAND AND THE UNITED STATES
' ' 9 5 3 T h i r d A v e n u e
OFFICERS
H e n r y N o b l e M a c C r a c k e n ...... President
G u y E. T r i p p ...... Vice-President
W i l l i s H . B o o t h ...... Treasurer Guaranty Trust Company of New York
S t e p h e n P . M i z w a ...... Secretary and Executive Director
B O A R D of T R U S T E E S
W i l l i s H . B o o t h S t e p h e n P . M i z w a
C e d r i c E. F a u n t l e r o y P a u l M o n r o e
H e n r y N o b l e M a c C r a c k e n G u y E. T r i p p /
S a m u e l M . V a u c l a i n THE FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
1926-1927
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
BY-LAWS
THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION 953 Third Avenue - New York, N. Y. N h % r \ r W h ß
M ó d ' ' JT
PRESIDENT HENRY NOBLE MacCRACKEN,
President of the Foundation S\O i
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STEPHEN P. MIZWA, Secretary and Executive Director
THE FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
of the
Executive Director
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T he Board of Trustees of
T h e K o ś c i u s z k o F o u n d a t i o n .
Gentlem en: This report covers only those activities of the Kościuszko Found ation which pertain to its functions as a permanent organization and does not deal with the campaign for a million dollar endowment fund which we are now conducting. Since this is the first annual report, a brief survey is given of the efforts made along lines of the exchange of students between Poland and America prior to the establishment of the Foundation.
3 SAM UEL M. V AUCLAIN, Chairman Special Scholarships Committee GEN. GUY E. TRIPP, WILLIS H. BOOTH, Vice-President T reasurer
THE BACKGROUND OF THE FOUNDATION
The 'Kościuszko Foundation grew out of the Polish-American Scholarship Committee which began to function in September, 1924. The origin of this Committee dates back to January, 1923, when the undersigned proposed the organization of same to Dr. Ladislaus Wróblewski, the then Polish Minister at Washington, who was asked to serve as Chairman. The Minister consented to serve as Chairman on the condition, however, that at least $5,000 be procured first. He also agreed to receive the contributions, if there be any, until the con ditional sum was raised. This sum was secured among the American Poles, mostly in small contributions through newspaper appeals, within the year from August 1923 to August 1924. The Polish-American Scholarship Committee was organized in September, 1924, and was composed of the following persons: Hon. Ladislaus Wróblewski, President President Henry N. MacCracken, Vice-President Samuel M. Vauclain, Vice-President C. Dziadulewicż, Vice-President C. W . Sypniewski, Vice-President John F. Smulski, Treasurer Stephen P. Mizwa, Executive Secretary 5 SC H O O L YEAR 1924-25 In the first year of its existence, the Committee granted nine scholarships to students from Poland. Two had already been in America (Mr. W. J. Michejda and Mr. W. Wrzesień) and seven were selected by the various Polish universities upon request of the Committee. One of these students was a young lady. Each received a steamship ticket (with the exception of the two already in America) and a stipend of $500 a year. The students were: 1. W. Bielecki from the University of Wilno, at Syracuse Ufii- versity School of Business Administration. 2. Jan Cender, a graduate of a Polish “Gymnasium” and also of the “Hochschule für Welthandel” in Vienna, at Columbia University School of Business Administration. 3. Karol Kozłowski from the University of Poznan (Posen) at Amherst College. 4. Dr. Witold Krzyżanowski, who has a doctorate from the Uni versity of Krakow and during the year 1923-24 was an Instructor in Economic Geography at the University of Lublin, studied at Yale, Department of Economics. During the summer vacation, 1925, worked at Ford’s plant in Detroit and upon his return to Poland has written a book and lectured upon “Scientific Management of Large-Scale Pro duction.” 5. W . J. Michejda, a graduate of the Mining Academy at Krakow and also of the University of Pittsburgh School of Mines in 1924, studied at Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration. Having learned the technical side of mining engineering, he wanted to become acquainted with the problems of business organization and labor management. 6. M iss Marie Morzkowska from the University of Warsaw, at Columbia University Teachers College. 7. Nicholas Olekiewicz, from the University of Warsaw, at Columbia University Teachers College. 8. Francis Wolski from the University of Krakow at Dartmouth College. 9. W . Wrzesień, a graduate of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute, at Columbia University School of Engineering. YEAR 1925-26 In the year 1925-26 the Polish-American Scholarship Committee granted ■ scholarships to nine students for the first semester, and the Kościuszko Foundation (in the meanwhile organized) gave these students scholarships for the second semester. There were eight students from Poland in the United States, and one American, Prof. Eric P. Kelly of Dartmouth College, in Poland. From among the eight Polish students, six of the preceding year's scholars had their scholarships renewed (Dr. W . Krzyżanowski and Mr. Francis Wolski having returned at the end of the first year) and two students. Adam Gostomki and Zbyszko Zielinski, were granted scholarships for the first time. 6 COL. CEDRIC E. FAUNTLEROY PROF. PAUL MONROE
Mr. Gostomski, a graduate of the Warsaw School of Commerce, studied at Columbia University School of Business Administration. During the summer of 1926 he was appointed by the Polish Govern ment as Secretary-Interpreter to Mr. Clark on the Kemmerer Mission. Mr. Zielinski, a graduate of the Lwow (Lemberg) University, enrolled at Johns Hopkins. He specializes in Physics and Chemistry and upon his return to Poland his aim is to work in the metallurgical industry. Prof. Kelly spent the year 1925-26 at the Jagellonian University at Krakow—the Polish oldest university and one of the oldest seats of learning in Europe—where he devoted himself to the study of Poland’s history, literature and culture, and present day problems. He also conducted classes in English and English Literature and gave a series of popular lectures on certain phases of American Civilization. As a result of his study in Poland, he has written upon his return a number of articles— among others, a series of articles in the Dartmouth Alumni Magazine—and in the school year 1927-28 is planning to give a course in Polish Literature at Dartmouth College. In a letter of appreciation of July 12, 1926, signed by the Rector, the Dean and the Chairman of the English Department, the University of Krakow sent the following message to President Hopkins of Dart mouth : 7 The moment having arrived when this University bids good-bye to Professor Eric Philbrook Kelly, of Dartmouth College, after a year of his stay among us— we fulfill a most pleasant duty in addressing to you, Sir, a few words of appreciation of the work done by Professor Kelly in P o la n d .... His lectures, which covered the whole range of American Literature and American Civilization, and his classes, which embraced exercises in language and in the reading of English poetry, have been extremely useful and deservedly popular. Pie also gave a series of public lectures on the principal phases of American Literature and on selected subjects of American Life to city audiences. These lectures were also numerously attended and eagerly listened to. This side of Mr. Kelly's activities can without exaggeration be said to have given altogether a new start to the knowledge of America in this centre of Polish intellectual life.... By his two-fold work at Krakow, Professor Kelly has indeed worthily served the ends of the Kościuszko Foundation . . ■ (s ig n e d ) J o h n L os , Prorector of the University Wl. O t t m a n n , Academic Registrar R. Dyboski, Professor of English
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‘Kościuszko - the living link between Poland and America . ’1 Pencil sketch by W. T. Benda THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION The Polish-American Scholarship Committee was dissolved and the Kościuszko Foundation organized on October 22, 1925—the incorpor ation being completed December 23. The Hon. Paul Cravath incorporated the Foundation and paid all fees connected therewith, as his contribution. The Polish Consulate General of New York gave the Foundation a suite of rooms for its headquarters and some of the office furniture. The American Bank Note Company donated to the Foundation 5,000 Kościuszko Memorial Certificates, to be given to contributors of $5 and more. Mr. W. T. Benda and M r. Joseph Jabłoński, furnished the drawings for the certificate. YEAR 1926-27 For the year 1926-27, twelve students have been given the opportun ity to study under the auspices or with the cooperation of the Found ation—two young ladies and ten young men, eleven from Poland in America and one from America in Poland. T. he two Polish young ladies in America, one at Vassar and one at Wellesley, have been given by the colleges themselves, scholarships covering tuition, board and room. The Foundation paid for their transportation and in one case allowed $100 for the year for incidental expenses. Cooperating with the American Legion, a member of the Interallied Veterans Federation known as FIDAC, two of the Foundation students, the American in Poland and one Polish student in America, are known as FIDAC scholars of the Kościuszko Foundation. Each of the new students was given a third class steamship ticket and $34.40 for other journey expenses. In addition to transportation, the scholarship of the Foundation consists of tuition fee, if the student is obliged to pay tuition, and a stipend of $600 a year. Tuition fees range from $220 to $300 a year. Besides the two young ladies, four students (one in Poland, two at Columbia Teachers College and one at Johns Hopkins University) have been given tuition scholarships by the institutions themselves. 1926-27 SCHOLARS 1. W . Bielecki from the University of Wilno, at Syracuse University 1924-26, University of Chicago School of Business Administration 1926-27. Third year in America. Candidate for Ph.D. Fields of Study: The Manager’s Administration of Production. Special Study in the Paper Industry in the U. S. 2. Helen Bilińska, from the University of Lwow at Wellesley College. First year. Fields of Study: English, French, Psychology. 3. Rose Godlewska, from Warsaw School of Business Administration, at Vassar. First year. Fields of Study: English, Economics, History, Psychology. 9 4- Joseph Jastak, from the University of Poznan, at Columbia Teach ers College. First year. Fields of study: Education, Plistory, Psychology and Method. Methods of Teaching English in Foreign Countries. 5. Thaddeus A. Kubiczek, from the Mining Academy at Krakow, at University of Pittsburgh School of Mines. First year. Fields of Study: Electrical, mechanical and mining engineering—the emphasis on Mining Engineering. 6. Nicholas Olekiewicz, from the University of Warsaw, at Columbia University Teachers College. Third year. Candidate for Ph.D. Fields of Study: Education—Educational Psychology, historical and experi mental ; Methods of Research and Statistics. 7. George R. Saxon, from Howard College, at the University of Warsaw. First year. Under the guidance of Prof. Kostanecki, Professor of Eco nomics at the University of Warsaw, Mr. Saxon is doing research work on the special topic: “The American Capital in Poland.” For the background he is studying the history of Poland both from the economic and the political points of view. 8. Dr. Casimir Studentowicz, from the University of Krakow, at Columbia University School of Business. First year. Candidate for Ph.D . Fields of Study: Economics and Banking, emphasizing American Banking, Theory and Practice. 9. Thaddeus S. Szwabowicz, from Mining Academy of Krakow, at University of Pittsburgh, School of Engineering. First year. Fields of Study: Oil and Gas Engineering. 10. John J. Tichy, from Warsaw Politechnic Institute, at Columbia University School of Business, First year. Fields of Study: Business Organization and Scientific Management. 11. Zbyszko Zielinski, from the University of Lwow, at Johns Hopkins University. Second year. Candidate for Ph.D. Fields of study: Advanced courses and Research in Physics, with emphasis on Thermodynamics and Mechanics. 12. M. S. Zlowodzki, from the Politechnic Institute of Lwow, at the University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering. First year. Fields of study: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. 10 GEORGE R. SAXON
K. STUDENTOWICZ ZBYSZKO ZIELINSKI “Kościuszko Boys” and “Kościuszko Girls”. Arrived in September, 1926. From left to right: Thaddeus A. Kubiczek, M. S. Zlowodzki, Thaddeus S. Szwabowicz, Helen Bilińska, Rose Godlewska, Joseph Jastak, John J. Tichy. All of these students have had at least two years of university work or the equivalent. Most of them have either completed their university work or shall do so within one year upon their return. On the whole, they have all been doing very good work, both academically and otherwise. On the basis of first term examinations, the following grades were reported by the Registrars of their respective institutions: two students received an A on the average, five received a B, two a C ; for three no grades were given as they are doing advanced research work. The record of the nine students (arranged according to the degree of excellence) whose grades were reported to the Foundation is as follow s: I. A in 4 courses , B in I, average 93. 2. A in 4 courses, B. in 2, average 91. 3- A in i course, B in 6, average 87. 4- A in i course, B in 3, C in I, average 83- 5- B in 4 courses. , C in I, average 82. 6. A in 2 courses, B in i, C in 2, D in I, average 81. 7- P in 2 courses. , C in I, average 81. 8. A in i course, B in i, C in 2, D in I, average 79. 9- B in i course, D in 2, average 7L The averages were arrived at by the following evaluation: A (Excellent)—95; B (Good)—85; C (Fair)—75; D (Passed)—65.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES in the SELECTION of SCHOLARS 1. More Polish students in America than American students in Poland, the presumption being that during this period of reconstruction, Poland needs America-trained men. 2. Mature students, with practical inclinations, an aim in life and a definite program of study. Such fields as Engineering, Business Administration, etc., which stand high in America and are needed in Poland were emphasized. Courses in general culture and aims to bring about better mutual understanding, have been regarded as of secondary' importance; the former should be taken at home, the latter must come as a by product, resulting from ability, adaptability and character. 3. An attempt has been made to choose scholars from as many Polish universities as practicable, so as to have representatives from all parts of Poland, and to place them at institutions that rank high in given fields of study. 4. Knowledge of English required of all Polish students coming to America. 5. An obligation, signed by all scholars, to return to Poland upon the completion of their studies in America. 6. The work of each scholar has been followed closely by the Executive Director, periodical reports being required; similarly, upon their return, the career of each will be followed.
13 THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION A CLEARING HOUSE T h e office of the Foundation is well-nigh becoming a clearing house of information within the scope of its aims and purposes for students, scholars, and prospective tourists. The most frequent inquiries come from Polish students who would like to come to America to study at their own expense or to work their way through, and therefore would like to have the Foundation obtain for them Certificates of Admission to some school so as to obtain non quota student visas. Unfortunately, in the vast majority of cases, it has been the unpleasant function of the Director to dampen the enthusi asm of the applicants who, further correspondence revealed, had neither money nor the knowledge of English.
KOŚCIUSZKO PRIZE ESSAY CONTEST In the spring of 1926 the Foundation conducted a prize essay contest, open to all undergraduates, upon the topic: “Kościuszko's Con tribution to America." There were 38 essays submitted in all, from 36 different colleges and universities, in the following states: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, South Dakota, Georgia, Missouri, Texas, Colorado, California and Oregon. Prizes were awarded to the following: First prize $100: Edward C. Ames, University of Chicago. Second prize $50: Florence L. Davies, Randolph-Macon Women’s College. Third prize $25 : Thaddeus Mosiey, Ohio State University.
PROP. ERIC P. KELLY of Dartmouth College, First American Exchange Professor under the auspices of the Kościuszko Foundation. Washington thanking Kościuszko for his invaluable services as engineer of fortifications in the Army of the Revolution.
KOŚCIUSZKO RECOGNITION DAY October 18, 1926, was the 150th anniversary of the date on which Thaddeus Kościuszko received his commission as Colonel of Engineers in the American Revolutionary Army. Under auspices of the Kościuszko Foundation and of a National Committee organized by the Foundation, there was held on that day in Memorial Continental Hall in Washington, D.C., a Kościuszko Recognition Day Meeting—to render fitting tribute to the memory of Kościuszko as an American patriot and at the same time to call the attention of the public to the “Living Memorial” that is being erected in the form of an educational foundation. The National Committee included governors of the thirteen original states, heads of national patriotic societies, and such outstanding Ameri cans as Charles Evans Hughes, Elihu Root, Samuel M. Vauclain and others. “Marching in America’s honor.” A scene in front of the Warsaw Opera House. “ In 1926 the 4th of Ju ly w as a national holiday in Poland.”
The Hon. Dwight F. Davis, Secretary of War, was Chairman of the Meeting and the Hon. Joseph C. Grew, Under-Secretary of State, delivered the main address on “Tire Living Kościuszko.” The other speakers were: Mrs. Alfred J. Brosseau, President General, National Society, D.A.R., an address of welcome; Dr. George E. MacLean of the American Council on Education on “The Kościuszko Spirit in Inter national Education” ; Dr. Emmet J. Scott of Howard University on “Kościuszko as Pioneer in Freeing American Slaves” ; Hon. Jan Ciechanowski, Minister of Poland to the United States; Mr. Leopold Kotnowski, President American-Polish Chamber of Commerce in Warsaw and Chairman of the Commission which presented to President Coolidge a message of greeting to the people of America, signed by over five million people of Poland. The U. S. Marine Orchestra furnished the music.
Also, at the suggestion of the Foundation, several governors of the thirteen original states issued a public proclamation, setting aside the 18th of October as Kościuszko Recognition Day. i6 MESSAGES RECEIVED
A few of the messages that were received at the Kościuszko Re cognition Day Meeting are given below. Message from the President of Poland:
Fully sympathizing with the aims of the Kościuszko Foundation, I wholeheartedly participate in today’s festivals and send sincere wishes in my own name and on behalf of the Polish nation that the spiritual contact of our two countries as inaugurated by Kościuszko may continue forever, thanks to the noble efforts of the institution bearing his name and which has established intellectual rapprochement between Poland and the United States through close intercourse among the educational circles and youth. M ay it further develop into a fruitful cooperation in every field embodying the great ideals of true democratic development.
I g n a c y M o śc ic k i ,
P re sid en t of t h e R e p u b l ic of P o l a n d .
In response to the greetings from the President of Poland, those assembled at the Memorial Continental Hall passed the following resolution: Washington, October 18, 1926
Assembled under the auspices of The Kościuszko Foundation, and of a Committee of distinguished Americans, in Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C., to pay national honor and respect to the memory of Thaddeus Kościuszko, Polish and American patriot, on this eighteenth day of October, 1926, the one-hundred and fiftieth anniversary of his entering the military services of the United States; This meeting— composed of representatives of the thirteen original American states, leading educational institutions of the country, officials of the federal government, heads of patriotic societies whose members number many hundreds of thousands, officers of the Kościuszko Found ation, and private citizens of the United States;— Being gratefully aware that the national independence which Kościuszko helped to win for the United States a century and a half ago, has lately been won by the land of his birth; Being appreciatively conscious of the cultural and patriotic ties which bring the United States and Poland together in an inspiring bond of fellowship and aspiration; # ■ And being stirred by the unprecedented display of national affection upon the part of Poland for its sister republic, the United States, as expressed in the nation-wide observance of the American Independence Day throughout the Polish Republic on July 4 th la s t; Hereby expresses its heartfelt gratitude for Poland’s g iff of Kościuszko and of his talents to the cause of American freedom, its sincere greeting and felicitations to the Polish Republic, and its desire and purposes to sustain and enhance, through international exchange of students arid in other ways, the spirit of mutual welfare, the kinship of ideals, and the bonds of friendship which exist between the United States and Poland. It is the further sense of this meeting that these greetings and senti ments be conveyed by the Kościuszko Foundation to the President of the Polish Republic and to its citizens. - ......
17 EXCERPTS FROM ADDRESSES AND MESSAGES: It seems so fitting in this Sesqui-Centennial year that this young patriot should he shown in portraiture at the appropriate time and place and that due homage should he paid to his memory and to the great service he rendered the American colonies during the Revolutionary JVar. You have undertaken a gracious and a jar-reaching task of inter national education whereby the youth of Kościuszko’s country and George Washington’s country will come together through a friendly interchange of ideas and a close study of governmental problems. Therefore, the Daughters of the American Revolution extend to The Kościuszko Foundation the hand of fellowship. As their President Gen eral, 1 hid you welcome tonight to our own Memorial Continental Hall and personally seal the bond of friendship. M rs. A lfr ed J . B rosseau . P r e sid en t G e n er a l D a u g h t er s of t h e A m e r ic a n R e v o l u t io n .
We are assembled here tonight to pay our respects to the memory of Thaddeus Kościuszko whom we Americans delight to honor not only as one of our own patriots, but as a representative of that friendliness and accord which exists between our nation and his native country. His military achievements arc even today an example and an inspiration to our soldiers. Plis recognition of the justice of our cause arid his devotion to our ideals of liberty is one of the common bonds which unite Poland and the United States. D w ig h t F. D a v is , S ecr e ta r y o f W a r .
MME. MARIE CURIE (nee Skłodowska)
The foremost woman scientists of the present generation and much interested in international cultural relationships. “Another living link between Poland and America.” MR. PADEREWSKI is a member of the National Council of the Kościuszko Foundation and is intensely interested in the cul tural relations between the two countries.
14-v<. T, ■ _ . _ H‘ V -ft ■“ f* ... Vi
Poland has given much to American life. But she has contributed to mankind as a whole, as well. For this latter contribution the whole world is her debtor. Who can hear or read the names of Polish heroes, statesmen, scientists, musicians, writers— the names of Sobieski, Copernicus, Sklodowska-Curie, Paderewski, Sienkiewicz, Conrad come to mind— w ith out wondering what our life would be without these illustrious benefactors of mankind?
But no Pole is so secure of a predominant, a living place in American history as Kościuszko. No American can hear tlie name of Kościuszko without remembering with deepest gratitude his valuable service to this co u n try .
His name has been written in marble and bronze throughout our country, his deeds of valor in fighting for a cause which he was great enough to take as his own are written deep in the annals of our history; but the true character of the man who a century and a half ago fought for the ideals which have inspired and will ever inspire the progress of Poland and the United States, is enshrined in the hearts of all of us and it is from our hearts that the call goes forth in salutation from our people to the people of Poland: Kościuszko lives!
J o s e p h C. G r e w ,
U n d e r -S ecreta r y of St a t e .
J 9 Statue of Copernicus with University of Krakow Library in the background. Dr. Scott’s address was based on the will of Kosciuszlco, which reads as follows:
I, T ha'.deus Kościuszko, being jus! on my departure from America, do hereby declare and direct that, should I make no other testamentary disposition of my property in the United States, I hereby authorize my friend, Thomas Jefferson, to employ the whole thereof in purchasing negroes from among his own or any others, and giving them liberty in my name; in giving them an education in trade or otherwise; in having them instructed for their new condition in the duties of morality, which may make them good neighbors, good fathers and mothers, husbands and wives, in their duty as citizens, teaching them to be defenders of their liberty and country, of the good order of society, and in whatsoever may make them happy and useful; and I make the said Thomas Jefferson executor of this. $th of May, 179S. T. Kościuszko.
The Kościuszko Foundation is organized in order that the recognition of Thaddens Kościuszko may not cease with a single celebration but may be perpetuated in the years to come by the constant interest of youth in the application of his practical ideals of skill in the service of humanity. H e n r y N oble M a c C r a c k e n , P r e sid e n t o f V assar C ollege a n d of T h e K o ściu szk o F o u n d a t io n .
I am in hearty accord with the program arranged to do honor to that great Polish and American patriot who contributed so much to securing liberty for a great nation. He is truly representative of a great and liberty loving people. J o h n R . T r u m b u l l , G o vernor of C o n n e c t ic u t .
In grateful memory of the life and service of this splendid soldier and statesman, whose efforts on two continents endeared him to liberty loving people throughout the world, I have designated Monday, October eighteenth, 1926, as Kościuszko Recognition Day and have requested the citizens of Massachusetts to appropriately observe the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of this great patriot’s entrance into the army of the Colonists in the critical pioneer days of our Nation. A lv a n T . F u l le r G overnor o f M assachusetts .
It gives me the greatest pleasure to send my greetings and the greet ings of the people of Maryland to the great assemblage which meets in Washington on Kościuszko Recognition Day, October 18. These exercises are a great deal more than a memorial to one of the great figures of the world. They emphasize the spirit which is the inspiring thing about the new Polish Republic. The Kościuszko Foundation is showing the importance of the inter national exchange of students. The knowledge thus acquired they will carry back and apply in the upbuilding of the Polish Republic. Thus will America share today in obtaining for Poland the full measure of that freedom which Kościuszko came to America to help us secure when we were struggling for our own independence. A l b er t C . R it c h ie , G overnor o f M a r y l a n d .
Thaddeus Kościuszko dedicated his life to liberty. M ay his gallantry and chivalry continue to inspire all men who are engaged in the cause of human freedom and may an abiding friendship between America and Poland rest forever on the principles that he lived to serve. J o h n C . W i n a n t Governor of New Hampshire. 21 In providing scholarships the Kościuszko Foundation is creating a perpetual and merited memorial to that great patriot, soldier and engineer •whose services G o v e r n o r o f N e w J e r s e y . This day commemorates the 150th anniversary of the day when Kościuszko received from Congress his commission as Colonel of Engineers. America today owes much of her stability to this great soldier, who in those heroic days gave so much of his valuable services to our Country and who stood with Washington as champion of National Liberty. I am issuing a statement to be published in the press of our State urging the observance of Kościuszko Recognition Day, and asking that suitable exercises be held in our schools to inculcate into the minds of the coming generation the great deeds of this Po/ish-Amcrican. A. J. Pothier, G o v e r n o r o f R h o d e I s l a n d . Promotion of the intellectual and cultural relations between Poland and the United States, the aim of the Kościuszko Foundation, is indeed a laudable undertaking. The means adopted by the Foundation to promote this international amicability and exchange of students who display a particular aptitude for the technical studies that are basic requisites in the fulfillment of this peace, is equivalently praiseworthy. The ideal which actuated the Foundation to be found in the esteem every American feels for the patriot Kościuszko who, like Washington, was moved to the noblest effort by an ardent love of liberty, is magnificent. I heartily subscribe to every honor that may be offered to the memory of General Thaddeus Kościuszko as one of the outstanding patriots and leaders of the American Revolution. A lfred E. Sm it h , G o v e r n o r o f N e w Y o r k . The Prize Essay Contest, the Washington meeting, the proclama tions of governors—which reached the public schools in their States— and the newspaper stories and editorials, as well as articles in periodicals (the Executive Director alone had articles on Kościuszko in “Poland,” the “Kiwanis Magazine” and the “D.A.R. Magazine”) have all helped to enhance the popular knowledge of Kosciuszko’s part in the American Revolution. 8 3 Honoring the Hero of Two Nations Speakers at Koscius-zko Recognition Day Meeting. Left to right: Hon. Dwight F. Davis, Secretary of War; Gen. James A. Drain, Eighth Commander of the American Legion; Hon. Jan Ciechanowski, Minister of Poland ; Mrs. Alfred J. Brosseau, President General, Daughters of the American Revolution ; Hon. Joseph C. Grew, Under Secretary of State; Mr. Leopold Kotnowski, Chairman of Delegation presenting volumes of signatures to President Coolidge; Dr. Emmett J. Scott, Secretary-Treasurer of Howard University, Washington, D. C. The University of Krakow celebrating the American Sesquicentennial, with American Minister John B. Stetson standing in the foreground. PROF. ROMAN DYBOSKI, Head of the Department of English at the University of Krakow. Member of the National Council of the Kościuszko Foundation and actively inter ested in the work of the Foundation. POLISH BRANCH OF THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION To cooperate with the Foundation in carrying out its aims and purposes, there has been established in Warsaw a Polish Branch of the Kościuszko Foundation w ith tem porary headquarters in the office of the Polish-American Society, Pałac Staszica at Warsaw. The nucleus of this Branch Foundation consists of those members of our National Council that reside in Poland. The organization also includes in its membership and officials, Rectors of all the universities in Poland, representatives of the Ministry of Education and of Foreign Affairs, Hon. John B. Stetson, American Minister to Poland, Prince Casimir Lubomirski, first Minister of Poland to the United States, eminent university professors and prominent business men. . W hen the organization is completed, chapters of the Branch Found ation will be established at the various universities and at some of the higher institutions, headed by the Rector and professors in each place. 26 THE PURPOSES OF THE BRANCH FOUNDATION 1. To cooperate with the Foundation in making a thorough survey of the fields of study in Poland with a view tó determining which ones should be called to the special attention of the American students. 2. To establish contacts with Polish industries and business con cerns so as to make the best use of young men and women that have received American training. 3. With the cooperation of University chapters, help select the proper candidates for scholarships in America. 4. Help the American students in Poland to orientate themselves so as to get the greatest benefit from their sojourn there; and to receive distinguished Americans and help arrange itineraries for American professors, lecturers, groups of touring students and tourists. 5. Disseminate reliable information about America through books, pamphlets, lectures, etc. and to cooperate with the Foundation in all its efforts to bring about closer intellectual and cultural relations be tween the two countries. i ' f; 1 J ' The University of Krakow 2 7 The University of Lwow RECOMMENDATIONS Program of the Foundation I. FOR THE NEXT TWO-THREE YEARS While we are conducting the campaign for an endowment fund and until such fund renders sufficient income to enable us to earn? our work on the scale intended, we should limit our activities both in number and extent and curb the current budget to modest proportions. Therefore, for the next two-three years, I propose the following program : 1. For the year 1927/28 to maintain not more than 12 students both ways. 2. That some of the students in Engineering and Business Organ ization who during the year 1926/27 were studying at the various uni versities, be turned into Apprenticeship Fellows and placed with appro priate American concerns so that they may gain experience in their specialties. 3. That the institutions where our scholars are or will be studying be asked to cooperate with us in the matter of scholarships. 4. That in the meanwhile we try to perfect the cooperative and selective machinery in Poland so that we may be able to get only those students who are properly qualified to profit by the opportunities offered them. 5. That for the year 1928/29 we ask a number of colleges and universities, both in America and in Poland, to cooperate with us actively in the matter of scholarships so that we may increase the number of scholars to 20-25, and that in addition an attempt be made to place in some of the leading American concerns 20-25 Apprenticeship Fellow's in the fields of engineering, mining, banking, industrial manage ment, etc. 6. That arrangement be made to have in 1928/29 some outstand ing Polish professor in America under the auspices of the Foundation. 7. As the office of the Foundation is the recipient of ever increasing demands for information, the Foundation should, as soon as convenient, publish two informational booklets, one for Polish students desiring to study in America and the other for American students contemplating going to Poland for purposes of study. 2 9 II. WHEN THE MILLION DOLLAR ENDOWMENT FUND IS S E C U R E D The Foundation would then be able to carry on the following program of work: 1. Maintain annually 20-25 Polish students at American colleges, universities and technical schools, in those departments of knowledge in which America stands high and Poland needs most. 2. Maintain annually 5-10 American students at Polish uni versities. 3. Help annually 20-30 Polish graduate engineers and prospective bankers and businessmen to obtain apprenticeships with American concerns. T. he Director of the Ford Service School reports on the experience of foreign students at the Ford shops: “For the majority of the students it is their first experience in a factory. Many are forced to change their whole outlook on life for they come from countries where manual work is considered degrading. As their muscles harden and their viewpoint changes, their discouragement vanishes and their enthusiasm, based on a surer foundation, returns.” The combination of theory with practice, the coordination of mental endowments with physical skill, the actual contact with the workshop undoubtedly produce the best results. 4. H ave each year one Polish professor or some notable scholar or lecturer in America—one who in each case could interpret Poland to America. 5. Have each year one American professor in Poland, one who in each case could, in turn, interpret America to Poland. 6. Help establish and maintain a library of selected books on America and of American periodicals either under direct auspices of the Polish Branch of the Foundation at Warsaw or encourage the collection of such books, even though on a smaller scale, at each of the leading universities so that studies on American subjects can be facilitated and encouraged. There are organizations and individuals that have already expressed their willingness to cooperate with the Foundation along these lines. 7. Maintain a bureau of information pertaining to matters within the scope of the functions of the Foundation. 8. Cooperate with those already established and encourage the establishment- of chairs of Polish Literature at American universities, and chairs of English, American History and Civilization at Polish universities. 30 g. Encourage the study of the English language and things Ameri can in Poland by awarding from time to time prizes for competitive essays on topics dealing with American life, the competition to be open concurrently or alternately to Gymnasium and University students. 10. Encourage study of Polish literature, art, music, etc., at Ameri can colleges and universities by awarding from time to time, prizes for competitive essays on some special topics in these fields. 11. Publish or aid in publishing or encourage the publication of a comprehensive and authoritative work on “Kościuszko in America,’’ which some day might become the basis of a much-needed work in English on the “Contribution of the Poles to America.” 12. Encourage American students and other tourists to travel in Poland by furnishing them with illustrative informational literature about things worth seeing there. 13. Publish a monthly or quarterly bulletin, telling about the work of the Foundation and of other efforts along lines of activities it follows, as well as stories of its former scholars and their subsequent activities and accomplishments. These bulletins to be sent to con tributing members and friends of the Foundation. The activities of the Kościuszko Foundation will be directed along these lines in order that Poland, the Fatherland of Kościuszko, may be better known in America, and in order that America, the Fatherland of Washington, as well as American principles, may be more completely and comprehensively understood in Poland. Respectfully submitted, STEPHEN P. MIZWA, Executive Director 3 ' EXHIBIT “A” FINANCES OF THE POLISH-AMERICAN SCHOLARSHIP COMMITTEE I n c o m e Total contributions (Aug. 1923 to Nov. 16, 1925) ...... $9,028.78 D isbursem ents Steamship tickets (8 students) and traveling expenses (1924-25) ...... 1,000.00 Scholarships (8 students) 1924-25 ...... 4,200.00 Scholarships first semester 1925-26...... 2,050.00 P r in tin g ...... 122.00 Letterheads and postage ...... 195.16 7,567.16 Balance, Nov. 16, 1925.... $1,461.62 Upon dissolution of the Polish-American Scholarship Committee and the establishment of the Kościuszko Foundation, the total sum of the balance ($1,461.62) was transferred to the Foundation. EXHIBIT “B” THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION Cost of Scholarships Second Sem ester 1925-26 Number SS. Ticket S tu d e n ts Traveling Expenses Tuition S tip en d s 7 —■ —• $1,750.00 2 —1 —■ 300.00 T o ta l. .. • 9 :------$2,050.00 $2,050.00 Y e a r 1926-27 I— $220.00 $600.00 I $125.00 — 100.00 1 125.00 — —- I 250.00* — 550.00 I 125.00 —• 600.00 I —. 126.00** 600.00 I •—— 600.00 2 250.00 528.00 1,200.00 3 375.00 900.00 1,800.00 . 12 $1,250.00 $1,774.00 $6,050.00= 1,074.00 * Both ways. ** Second semester only. Average estimated cost 12 scholarships, $756.16. Average estimated cost 10 scholarships (excluding 2 whose tuition, board and room were given by the colleges themselves), $872.40. 32 CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION of THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION, INC. We, the undersigned, all citizens of the United States, of full age, and at least one of them a resident of the State of New York, being desirous of forming a corporation for the purposes specified below, pursuant to and in conformity with an act of the Legislature of the State of New York, being Chapter 40 of the Laws of 1909, relating to Membership Corporations, constituting Chapter 35 of the Con solidated Laws, and ail amendments thereto, do hereby make, sign and acknowledge this certificate. FIRST: The name of the proposed corporation is THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION, Inc. SECOND: The particular objects for which the corporation is to be formed are: 1. To grant voluntary financial aid to deserving Polish students, desiring to study at higher institutions of learning in the United States of America; and to deserving American students, desiring to study in Poland. 2. To encourage and aid the exchange of professors, scholars, and lecturers between Poland and the United States of America. 3. To cultivate closer intellectual and cultural relations be tween Poland and the United States in such ways and by such means as may from time to time seem wise, in the judgment of the Board of Directors of the Corporation. 4. To receive and maintain and to administer a fund or funds and to apply the income thereof for the purposes specified in this Article Second. 5. Subject to such limitations as may be prescribed by law, to receive and acquire by grant, gift, purchase, devise, bequest or otherwise, as may be lawful, money and real and personal property of any kind and to hold, accumulate, invest, or dispose of such property or the income derived therefrom for the furtherance of the above stated objects. TH IR D : The territory in which the operations of the Corpor ation are principally to be conducted is the United States of America. F O U R T H : T h e principal office of the Corporation w ill be in the County of New York, in the Borough of Manhattan, City of N ew York. FIFTH : The number of Directors of the Corporation will be seven. SIX TH : The names and places of residence of the persons who shall be directors of the Corporation until its first annual meeting are: Names Places of Residence Willis H. Booth toto Fifth Ave., New York City Cedric E. Fauntleroy 108 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. Robert H. Lord 22 Westmorly Court, Cambridge, Mass. Henry Noble MacCracken President’s House, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Stephen P. Mizwa 953 Third Avenue, New York City Paul Monroe 44 Prospect Drive, Yonkers, N. Y. Samuel M. Vauclain 500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. SEVENTH: The Corporation shall adopt by-laws not incon sistent with law for the management of the property of the Corporation and for the regulation of its affairs. The by-laws of the Corporation may be divided into different classes and designated as constitution, by-laws, rules, regulations, or otherwise, and may provide different methods for amending and repeal ing such classes respectively. By-laws duly adopted at a meeting of the Members of the Cor poration shall control the action of the Board of Directors and shall take precedence over any inconsistent rules adopted by such Board. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have made and executed this Certificate in duplicate as of the 2nd day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five. Stephen P. Mizwa Henry Noble MacCracken Willis H. Booth Samuel M. Vauclain Robert H. Lord BY-LAWS of THE KOŚCIUSZKO FOUNDATION A r t i c l e I Members and Directors Board of Trustees Section 1. The members of the Corporation shall be seven in number and shall consist of the incorporators of the Corporation and such other persons as may be elected by such incorporators at their first meeting, and also their successors elected from time to time in occordance with these By-laws. 3+ Section 2. The said members of the Corporation shall constitute the Board of Directors of the Corporation, which shall be known as the Board of Trustees of the Corporation and the members thereof shall be known individually as trustees. Said Board of Trustees shall be vested with the general management of the Corporation and may exercise all the powers of the Corporation. Section 3. The Board of Trustees, in its discretion, may create classes of membership without the power of vote, based on the amount contributed to the fund of the Kościuszko Foundation. Section 4. Any trustee may resign from the Board of Trustees at any time upon giving written notice of resignation to the Secretary of the Corporation. Resignation from the Board of Trustees shall constitute a resignation both as a member and as a trustee or director of the Corporation. Section 5. Vacancies in the Board of Trustees of the Corporation, however arising, may be filled by the Board of Trustees at any meeting by a majority vote of the whole Board voting at said meeting. No trustee shall be elected without notice of his nomination having been sent by the Secretary to each member of the Board at least ten days before the time of election. Election to the Board of Trustees shall constitute an election to both membership in the Corporation and as a director or trustee of the Corporation. Section 6. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the Corporation which shall be held on the first Wednesday in April of each year, or, if that be a legal holiday, on the next business day thereafter. Notice of the Annual Meeting shall be mailed at least ten days before such meeting to each trustee at the residence or post office address registered with the Secretary, but such notice may be waived. Section 7. There shall be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Corporation a report of the Board of Directors or Trustees verified by the President, Treasurer and Secretary or by a majority of the members of the Board, showing the whole amount of real and personal property owned by the Corporation, where located and where and how invested, the amount and nature of the property acquired during the year immediately preceding the date of the report, and the manner of acqui sition; the amount applied, appropriated or expended during the year immediately preceding such date and the purposes, objects or persons to or for which such applications, appropriations or expenditures have been made. Such report shall be filed with the records of the Corpora tion and an abstract thereof entered in the minutes of the proceedings of the Annual meeting. Section 8. Special meetings of the Board of Trustees may be held at any time, on the call of the President, the Vice-President, the Secre tary or any three trustees. Notice of any special meeting shall be mailed at least ten days before such meeting to each trustee at the residence or post office address registered with the Secretary, but such notice may be waived. The Board of Trustees shall keep a record of its acts and proceedings. Section 9. The presence of a majority of the trustees shall be necessary to constitute a quorum at any meeting of the Corporation or of the Board of Trustees. 35 A r t i c l e II Officers Section I . The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, Vice-President, Treasurer and Secretary, who may also be given the title of Executive Director, which officers shall be elected by the Board of Trustees from among its own members by ballot at the Annual Meeting of the Corporation. Such officers shall hold office for one year or until their successors shall have been chosen. Section 2. The President shall be ex-officio chairman of the Board of Trustees, and shall preside at all regular and special meetings of the said Board. He shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Corporation and shall sign and execute all instruments in the name of the corporation, when authorized so to do by the Board of Trustees. Section 3. In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice- President shall perform all the duties of that officer, and shall execute all instruments in the name of the Corporation. Section 4. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of the Board in a proper book for that purpose; shall give the proper notices of all meetings of the Board; shall have the custody of the seal, of the Cor poration and shall affix the same to all instruments requiring the seal, when so directed by the Board of Trustees. He shall have general charge, subject to the control of the Board of Trustees and the Execu tive Committee, of all matters of administration; he shall prepare and submit to the Board of Trustees and Executive Committee plans and suggestions for the work to be undertaken by the Corporation, shall assist the Treasurer in keeping the accounts of the Corporation, counter sign all checks drawn by the Treasurer, and perform any such other duties as may be assigned to.him. He shall submit to the Board of Trustees at least ten days before the annual meeting of the Corporation a written report of the work done by the Corporation during the pre ceding fiscal year (which shall end December 31st of each year) to gether with recommendations as to the work to be undertaken during the succeeding year, a copy of which shall be mailed to each member of the Board and of the National Council. When the Secretary finds it necessary to use the designation “Executive Director” no additional authority or powers other than those expressed above are to be exercised by him. Section 5. The Treasurer shall have charge of all funds, securities, and other property belonging to the Corporation. Such funds as are kept on deposit shall be deposited in the name of The Kościuszko Foundation in such banks or trust companies as the Board of Trustees shall designate, and all securities shall be kept in a safe of a safe deposit company designated by the Board. The Treasurer shall, under the direction of the Board of Trustees or the Executive Committee, disburse all moneys, sign all checks, and in general have entire charge of the disbursement of the funds of the Corporation, in accordance with the directions of the Board of Trustees. The Treasurer shall render a statement of his accounts to the Board of Trustees at the annual meeting 36 of the Corporation, copy of which shall be mailed to each member of the Board at least ten days before said meeting, and shall render a similar statement to the Executive Committee whenever it shall require the same. He shall enter or cause to be entered, in proper books of account to be kept by him for that purpose, full and accurate accounts of all moneys and property received, and their disposition. He shall at all reasonable times exhibit his books of account to any member of the Board of Trustees of the Corporation upon application at the office of the Treasurer during business hours; he shall perform all the acts inci dent to the position of Treasurer, and shall be required to give bond for the faithful performance of his duties in such sum as the Board of Trustees may require. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited at least once a year by a regular chartered accountant designated by the Board of Trustees. A r t i c l e I I I National Council Section I . The Board of Trustees, in its discretion, may appoint or elect a National Council, consisting of not less than twenty-five per sons, to serve for a term of five years. The Council will serve in the advisory capacity to the Board and cooperate in the work of the Found ation. The members of the Council may not be required to attend any meetings but will be requested to give their advice or express their opinion concerning the work of the corporation through the medium of written communications. Section 2. In case of a vacancy in the National Council by reason of death, resignation, incapacity or removal, the Secretary shall notify the remaining persons in the National Council of such vacancy or vacancies and shall request them each to nominate three candidates for each vacancy. From the list of candidates thus obtained the Board of Trustees shall elect the desired number at any regular or special meeting by a majority vote of the trustees present voting at said meeting. Vacancy or vacancies in the National Council need not be filled as long as the number of persons in that Council is at least twenty-five. A r t i c l e IV Committees Section I . The following standing committees shall be elected each year by the Board of Trustees at the Annual Meeting of the Corporation: Executive Committee Finance Committee Section 2. Said Committees shall meet at such times and places as may be convenient; shall choose their own Chairman and Secretary; and may pass such rules to govern their meetings as shall seem necessary, provided the same are not inconsistent with the Certificate of Incorpor ation of the Corporation or these By-laws. A majority of the members of each committee shall constitute a quorum. 37 Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of at least three members, including the President and Secretary ex-officio, and shall be charged with the duty of carrying into effect the directions of the Board of Trustees as to the management of the affairs of the Cor poration and the expenditure of the income of the funds held by it, during the intervals between the meetings of the Board of Trustees, but it shall have no authority whatever to dispose of property held by the Corporation or to commit the Corporation to any expenditure unless such action has previously been specifically authorized by the Board. Section 4. The Executive Committee shall submit to the Board at the Annual Meeting of the Corporation a report of the activities of the Corporation, which may be printed and published upon the approval of the Board. Section 5. The Finance Committee shall consist of at least three members, including the President and Treasurer ex-officio, to whom may be referred for consideration all questions pertaining to the invest ment of funds, sale, purchase or lease of property, and who shall have the authority and power to designate the banks or trust companies for the deposit of the funds and to direct the business methods and financial operations of the Corporation. This Committee shall also be authorized to institute such plans or scope of operations as may from time to time seem expedient to enlarge the funds of the Corporation. A r t i c l e V Fmids The funds of the Corporation shall be invested in such securities as are authorized at the time of the investment, by the laws of the State of New York for investment of trust funds. No investment shall be made, and no property or securities held by the Corporation shall be sold, except in accordance with the majority vote of the whole Board of Trustees. Only the income of the property held by the Foundation shall be applied to the uses and purposes of the Foundation, unless stipulation to the contrary be inserted by some future benefactor in a deed of gift, and this be agreed to by the Board of Trustees. A r t i c l e V I Compensation The trustees of the Corporation, as such, shall serve without com pensation, but the Board of Trustees may provide for the reasonable expenses incurred by the trustees in the performance of their duties, and may fix such salaries as it deems proper for the services of the Secretary and such employees as it considers necessary for the proper management of the affairs of the Corporation. 38 A r t i c l e V I I Seal The seal of the Corporation shall be circular in form, and shall have inscribed in the margin the following words and figures: The Kościuszko Foundation, Incorporated 1925, and in the center it shall have the likeness of Thaddeus Kościuszko. A r t i c l e V III Amendments of By-Laws These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of the members present, provided written notice of the proposed amendment shall have been mailed to each member of the Board at least ten days prior to the meeting. Any member of the Board may propose an amend ment to these By-laws by forwarding same to the Secretary, who shall mail the same to each member of the Board. 39 NATIONAL COUNCIL Ernest P. W. Alexanderson Kenneth M. M urray SzymonAskonazy A. Emily Napieralska W alter C. Bailey Frank Nowak George B arr Baker George B. Noyes A. B. B arber A. M. Ocetkiewicz Julius H. Barnes Julia Swift Orvis W alter M. Berry Alvin Owsley William C. Boyden lgnące Jan Paderewski Nicholas Murray Butler Marion E. Park Samuel P. Capen Geoffrey Parsons Benjamin P. Castle Felix W. Pawłowski Albert J. Chesiey Alfred J. Pearson Jan Ciechanowski Charles Phillips Julian L. Coolidge George Palmer Putnam Marian C. Cooper William A. Bedding H. S. Demarest E dgar Biekard Stephen P. Duggan Mrs. B. L. Bobinson H. Dana D urand Eugene Bomer Boman Dyboski Stefan Bosicki C. Dziadulewicz Franck Schoell Tage D. H. Ellinger Herbert L. Satterlee John H. Finley Mme. Marcella Sembrich P ani P. Plak Edwin P. Shattuck Francis E. Pronczak Thomas Siemiradzki T. H. Garlick Frank H. Simonds H ugh Gibson George W. Siwiński Hipolit Gliwic Alexander Skrzyński William B. Grove John W. Smith Sylvester Gruszka John F. Smulski Charles H. H alliday John B. Stetson, Jr. C hristian A. H erter Merch B. Stewart Bupert Hughes Sigismond Stojowski Vernon Kellogg Leopold Stokowski Deopold Kotnowski F. de St. Phalle Ladislaus Kozłowski Paul Super Bev. W acław Kruszka C. W. Sypniewski Witold Krzyżanowski A. Szumowska-Adamowska Zdzisław Kurnikowski M. S. Szymczak Jam es A. Logan, Jr. S. M. de Torosiewicz William G. Lush Carl Vrooman W. Lutosławski Frederic C. Walcott Edward Branch Lyman Herschel C. W alker B. S. MacElwee M. F. Wegrzynek J. Inglis Maitland S. B urt Wolbach Mrs. Bobert G. Mead Ladislaus Wróblewski David H unter Miller Casimir D. Zdanowicz Balph Modjeski St. J. Zwierzchowski Bruce M. Mohler K. Zychlinski Mrs. B. von Moschzisker r s Biblioteka Śląska w Katowicach Id: 0030000772416 II 305897