The Kościuszko Foundation i

THE SECOND ANNUAL REPOR't

OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

1927-1928 The Kościuszko Foundation

FOR MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS AND THE PROMOTION OF INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN POLAND AND THE UNITED STATES

953 Third Avenue

New York City

OFFICERS

H e n r y N o b l e M a c C r a c k e n . . . .President

P a u l M o n r o e ...... Vice-President

W il l is H . B o o t h ...... Treasurer Guaranty Trust Company of New York

S t e p h e n P . M i z w a Secretary and Executive Director

BOARD of TRUSTEES

W illis H. Booth H e n r y N o b l e M a c C r a c k e n

C e d r ic E. F a u n t l e r o y S t e p h e n P . M i z w a

John H. Finley P a u l M o n r o e

A. L. H u m p h r e y C . W . S y p n i e w s k i

S a m u e l M . V a u c l a i n The Kościuszko Foundation

SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

1927-1928 THE SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

1927-1928

'K.'W. To the Board of Trustees of the Kościuszko Foundation.

Gentlemen: I his report covers some of the more important activities of the Kościuszko Foundation for the fiscal vear from Julv 1, 1927 to June 30, 1928. ' " '

I. SCHOLARS

During the school year 1927-28 there were nine scholars studying on the scholarships or under the auspices of the Founda­ tion. Eight, i. e. four young men and four young women, were from Poland studying in the United States and one young Amer­ ican was studying in Poland. Three of the four Polish young ladies, one at Vassar; one at Bryn Mawr and one at Wellesley, have been given by the colleges themselves scholarships paying tuition, board and room. The Foundation only paid for their transportation expenses to the United States. To these colleges we hereby express thanks for their generous cooperation. In addition to the nine scholars there were nine apprentices, our former scholars, who upon the completion of their academic training have remained in the United States for periods varying from several months to two years in order to obtain practical experience in their respective fields of interest. Some of them have held responsible executive positions. .

The list of scholars follows: 1. Helen Bilińska, from the University of Lwow, at Wellesley College. Second year. Fields of study English, French and Psychology. 2. Rose Godlewska, from the Warsaw School of Business, at Vassar College. Second year. English, Economics and His­ tory. Returned to Poland and assumed position in the Minis­ try of Trade and Industry. 3. Joseph Jastak, from the University of Poznan, at Columbia Teachers College. Second year. Education, Educational Psy­ chology and Methods of Teaching.

4. Mary Morzkowska, from the University of Warsaw, in Iowa State Agricultural College at Ames. Second year there. Domestic Science. Received M. S. degree and was granted Rockefeller Fellowship for 6 months to study hospital work and dietetics. In February, 1929, is to assume duties as dieti­ tian at the Warsaw School of Nursing. (This school was founded by an American, Miss Helen Bridge.)

5. Frank Nalbor, graduate of Teachers College at Stevens Point, Wise., and of the Art Institute of Chicago, spent a year study­ ing Art at the University of Krakow. For 1928-29 obtained a position as teacher of Art in a Cleveland (Ohio) High • School.

6. Nicholas Olekiewicz, from the University of Warsaw, at Columbia University Teachers College. Fourth year, Candi­ date for Ph. D. degree. Educational Psychology and Methods of Research and Statistics. 7. Mary Patkaniowska, from the University of Krakow, at Bryn Mawr College. First year. English and American Literature. For 1928-29 was granted a scholarship by the British Federa­ tion of University Women, the Canadian Branch, for study in London. 8. Stefania Potocka, a graduate of the Warsaw School of Nurs­ ing and a graduate student in hospital administration at Bedford College (University of London), studied Nursing at W alter Reed Hospital in W ashington (one year) and as g'uest of the American Army visited a number of military and naval hospitals studying hospital work and administration. Return­ ed to Poland and assumed the position of Chief Nurse in the leading hospital (“Szpital LTjazdowski”) in Warsaw. 9. Casimer Studentowicz, from the University of Krakow, at Columbia University School of Business. Second year. Bank­ ing—theory and practice—and banking methods. In spare time worked in a number of New York banks. Returned to Poland and assumed position in the Economic Bank of Poland at W arsaw.

Three II. INDUSTRIAL APPRENTICESHIPS

Fully as important as student exchange, perhaps more so, is the program of industrial and business apprenticeship which the Foundation inaugurated during the past fiscal year. It is almost an universal opinion of the Polish leaders in various fields that what the new Poland needs most is young men trained in America—especially in business, banking and industry. Polish technical schools have given their graduates excellent theoretical training', but these young men are looking up to America as a country where they can best obtain practical experience. Besides, Polish industries are importing American machinery in increas­ ing quantities. It therefore becomes desirable, if not necessary, for the plant managers to come to America and see, through actual work in the shop, how these machines are constructed and how they can be efficiently operated. To begin with (with three notable exceptions) the Founda­ tion has limited the program of apprenticeship to its former schol­ ars who have spent at least one year at an American higher institution of learning and acquired the necessary knowledge of English as well as some general information of American meth­ ods in their respective fields. These student-apprentices were: 1. W alter Bielecki, with Halsey, Stuart and Co. in Chicago. Returned to Poland and assumed position in the Bank of Poland at Warsaw. 2. John Cender, studying part-time in New York University and working with exporting and importing firms. 3. Adam Gostomski, with Moody’s. Investors Service. Was also secretary to Mr. Wallace Clark on the Kemmerer Mission to Poland. 4. Thaddeus Kubiczek, with Pittsburgh Coal Co. as mining en­ gineer. Returned to Poland and became Assistant to Gen­ eral Manager in a Polish State Mine in Upper Silesia. 5. W. J. Michejda, having been for two years with Weston, Dodson and Co. (a colliery), lately as Special Assistant to the General Manager, returned to Poland to assume an important business position as a representative of an American firm in Poland, the Sullivan Machinery Co. 6. Thaddeus S. Szwabowie?: a mining engineer, with Bell View Oil Syndicate at Long Beach Field in California. 7. John J. Tichy, a mechanical engineer, with the Chevrolet Motor Co. 8. W. Wrzesień, a civil engineer who obtained his degree with distinction at Columbia University, with Roland Park Con­ struction Co. in Baltimore. 9. M. Zlowodzki, a mechanical engineer, with the Chevrolet Motor Co. Returned to Poland and assumed a position with the Giesche Zinc Co. (of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.) in Upper Silesia.

Four The three exceptions—apprentices who were not former scholars of the Foundation—referred to above, are:

1. George Ochenduszko, with the Chevrolet Motor Co. 2. D. Tilgner, with Gypsum Canning Co., and Armour and Co. in Chicago. 3. L. Lados, studied the methods of grain in the Middle West, thanks to the cooperation of the Bureau of Agriculture in Washington.

III. GEORGE, WASHINGTON SCHO LARSHIP.

On October 17, 1927, the American people celebrated the 150th anniversary of the Victory at Saratoga. In view of the fact that Kościuszko, as Colonel of Engineers in the Army of the North, selected and fortified Behmis Heights at Saratoga, thus directly contributing to the victory that proved to be the turning point in the American Revolution, the Foundation sent a four- page illustrated booklet on Kościuszko and the Foundation bear­ ing his name to all the principals of private secondary schools and to all school superintendents in cities and towns having a population of 5000 or more throughout the United States, over 8000 in all, with a suggestion that the material may be of use to teachers of American History and Civics. So great was the interest in this leaflet that nearly four hundred principals and school superintendents, from all the States of the Union with the exception of New Mexico and Nevada, asked for over 20,000 additional copies to be distributed among teachers of their re­ spective schools. Thus hundreds of thousands of school children have been told of Kościuszko and his part in the American Revo­ lution. In conjunction with this educational prograni, $702.84 were raised, mostly in pennies and small contributions, by the school children of America (and teachers in a few instances) for the en­ dowment of a George Washington Scholarship of the Kościuszko Foundation in recognition of the friendship that existed between the two patriots. Due to the almost universal prohibition of money-raising efforts among public school children, the amount thus raised may be regarded as an encouraging expression of interest in our work. The by-product of moral gains is far more significant than the financial results. The United Press story on this topic, with appropriate illustrations, was carried by nearly two hundred papers throughout the country. A number of papers had special feature stories.

F ivr IV. BOOKS ON POLAND’S CULTURE

Within the past fiscal year the Foundation secured froni its friends the sum of $100 for the purpose of aiding in the publica­ tion of a book on “Konarski-Preceptor of Poland,’ by D'r. William J. Rose of Dartmouth College. The book, which is a scholarly piece of work and for that reason of limited market, grew out of the doctor’s thesis written by Prof. Rose at the University of Krakow. It deals exhaustively with the educa­ tional reforms in Poland in the second half of the 18th century when Stanislaw Konarski organized the first Ministry of educa­ tion on the Continent of Europe. The book will appear from press shortly. Prof. Eric P. Kelly, of the English Department at Dart­ mouth College, the first American Professor to go to Poland under the auspices of the Foundation, wrote a book in the form of an historical novel (published by the MacMillan Co.) entitled “The Trum peter of Krakow.” It deals with the life of the ancient city of Krakow in fifteenth century Poland, the university and its scholars playing a conspicuous role. The book is being reviewed extensively and enthusiastic- ally. Anne Carroll Moore, a librarian and author, says in the New York Herald Tribune that Mr. Kelly “reveals a fine intui­ tive understanding of the character of the people as well as the careful research of the scholar... Visualizing in full detail the whole period, he has so dramatized it as to make it live for the reader as an absorbing story in which all elements of the city’s life take rin the richest local color.”

V. TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF POLAND’S INDEPENDENCE

The outstanding social event of the year was the Paderewski Dinner—given in honor of His Excellency Ignace Jan Paue- rewski on May 16, 1928, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the Independence of Poland. This event was held under the auspices of the Foundation and of a national representative committee headed by Herbert Hoover and was attended by 600 persons. In conjunction with this dinner the Foundation published a 48-page illustrated booklet, 5000 copies, entitled “Paderewski, His Country and Its Recent Progress.” The title indicates the nature and scope of the content. Copies were distributed to guests at the dinner; also sent to 700 college and university libraries and to all larger public libraries in the country.

Six Also, on this occasion the Foundation presented to Mr. Paderewski a handsomely bound volume of individual tributes, each headed by a '“GREETING TO IGNACE JAN PADEREWSKI ON THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF POLAND” from two hundred representative Americans and organizations— including the President and Vice-President of the United States, members of the cabinet, high officers of the Army, twenty-four Governors, eminent scholars and heads of educational institu­ tions, prominent businessmen, artists and leaders in all walks of life. Facsimile reproductions of all these tributes have been made and published, together with all the speeches and remarks that were made at the dinner, in an edition of 1000 copies made available at $3 per copy. One hundred and fifty copies were distributed with the compliments of the Foundation, including copies sent to fifty libraries and the balance practically sub­ scribed for at the writing of this report. The expenses of publi­ cation have alreadv been covered.

VI. ENDOWMENT FUND

To put the work of the Foundation on a permanent basis, a campaign was started in 1926 for a million dollar endowment fund as an objective. Before any appeal for contributions is made to the public at large, the Americans of Polish descent and Poles now living in the United States have been asked to raise at least one third of that amount, or $350,000. And they are raising it. On June 6, 1928, the Capital Fund was reported at $74,614.36. The latest report of the Auditing Department of the Guaranty Trust Co. of New York, as of September 30, 1928, signed by A. L. Gettman, shows the following investments of the Endowment Fund: American Cyanamid Co. 5s Gold Debentures 10/1/42. . $10,000. S/E/S/C Bond and Mtge. of Lawyers Title and Guar­ anty Co. to Fannie Diamond due 12/1/32. Int. Rate fijas Title No. F412468 premises 240 W est 22nd Street, New York City ...... 15,000. U. S. A. 4th L. L. 4% s Bd of 1933-3810/15/38 ...... 350. Republic of Poland 6s U. S. Dollar G /B issue of 1920 4 /1 /4 0 ...... 1,500. U .S .A . Ctf. of Indebtedness 4j4s Ser. TJ1929 due 6/15/29 ...... 50,000. Republic of Poland S /F Ext. 8s G /B due1/1 /5 0 ...... 30,000.

T otal ...... $106,850.

Seven As in all general public subscriptions of this character, not of urgent nature, progress was slow' at first. A nationwide educational campaign had to be conducted. But the cause ap­ peals to all classes, in all communities, and in the course of time the quota assigned will be raised. The local quotas are based on $1 per family or 20 cents for every man, woman and child. From the moral point of view the most valuable feature of the campaign is that more than 100,000 persons have already con­ tributed to the fund, directly or indirectly, in amounts varying from a penny to $1000. If we take into consideration member­ ship of the various organizations and societies that made col­ lective donations, the number of persons that have already con­ tributed one-third of the assigned quota will be at least 500,000. There were seven $1000 and seven $500 contributions. The largest single donation, namely $30,000, was made by the Polish National Alliance of the United States with headquarters in Chicago.

VII. OPERATING EXPENSES

The operating or “current” expenditures cover scholarships, office overhead and campaign expenses. The income and ex­ penditures for the fiscal year, from July 1, 1927 to June 30, 1928, as reconciled by the auditor were as follows:

INCOME

Balance on July 1, 1927...... $ 43.55 Special Donations (“supporting subscriptions”) : Baldwin Locomotive Works ...... $5000.00 The late F. F. Fitzpatrick ...... 1000.00 Drexel and Co ...... 1000.00 Westinghouse Air Brake Co ...... 1000.00 Westinghou.se Electric and Mfg. Co 1000.00 ------9000.00

Income from securities, call loans and bank balances. . 2626.68 Miscellaneous Income ...... 6.00 Loans from Guaranty Trust Co ...... 1645.25

T otal ...... $ 13321.48

Eight EXPENDITURES

Salaries $ 5640.00 Scholarships ...... 4221 14 Printing and office supplies ...... 1191.43 Postage ...... 60P13 Telephone, telegrams and cables ...... 129.86 Travelling expenses ...... 198.50 Press clipping service ...... 70.65 Publicity ...... : . 769.50 Interest on notes due Guaranty Trust Co ...... 463.49 Miscellaneous expenses ...... 31.78

T otal...... $ 13321.48

In conjunction with the modest operating budget, as given above, the following gratuities should be added to both income and expenditures: Rent for offices, given by the Polish Consulate ...... $2400.00 Light (approximately) “ “ “ “ 36.00 Scholarships donated by American colleges ...... 3000.00 Value of steamship tickets donated by the Immigration Department of the Polish Consulate of New York to returning scholars of the Foundation ...... 240.00

T otal...... $ 5676.00

Therefore a more complete picture of the operating budget would b e : Income ...... $18,997.48 Expenditures ...... 18,997.48

PART II. OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. In accordance with the policy outlined in the first annual report in the selection of new students as well as in the renewal of scholarships, special emphasis was placed upon the maturity of purpose, definiteness and practicability of program, knowledge of the language, character and adaptability. The watchwords in each case, especially as applied to students from Poland, have been : “Come well prepared, fix your objective, concentrate.’’

Nine 2. The stipends have been raised from $500 to $600 per year besides tuition and steamship ticket. Our own experience as well as the experience of other similar institutions shows that even this amount is not sufficient to cover living expenses in the United States. According to the report of the Institute of Inter­ national Education, the average stipend of 420 scholarships and fellowships offered by the various American institutions to American students for study abroad is $1111.50, and the average stipend of 258 scholarships offered to the foreign students for study in the United States is $1134.00 For the present $600 and steamship ticket would be sufficient for an American student in Poland, where the living expenses in terms of American dollars are reasonable and the tuition fee is only nominal, but the sti­ pends for Polish students in the United States should be in­ creased to $750 each plus steamship ticket and tuition fee—even if the number of scholarships be decreased. 3. Although Poland is a “new country,” not fully understood and not infrequently misunderstood in America, and even though there are considerable linguistic difficulties to overcome on the part of the American students of other than Polish descent, there have been several times more applications from the Amer­ icans for study in Poland than the number of available scholar­ ships. The proportion of applications from Polish students for study in America to the number of scholarships granted has always been large—at least 20 to 1. A good many of them are rejected by the university authorities on the other side and never reach us. Nevertheless this desire to study in the United States has a salutary effect on the prospective candidates as they study English and try to “read up” about America. 4. As the Foundation so far is the only educational institution for the promotion of intellectual and cultural relationships bet­ ween Poland and the United States, it is natural that it should be used as a clearing house within the field of its activities. But with requests for information there come with increasing fre- quency demands for assistance along the following lines: a. Polish scholars, especially heads of seminars and re­ search institutes at Polish universitites, want the Founda­ tion to assist them in obtaining certain American journals and outstanding books dealing authoritatively with their fields—especially in English Philology, Psychology, Econ­ omics, Sociology, Geography, Chemistry, Engineering and B usin ess A dm i ni stra tion.

Ten b. American scholars and professors of Slavic Literature are turning to the Foundation as an institution that might pos­ sibly render them assistance in the publication either of new books on Poland or Polish culture, or of translations of Polish classics. Also a good many American clubs—mostly women’s clubs—are asking for information, material, slides, pictures, etc., such as would be of assistance for lectures on various topics pertaining to Poland. c. Americans of Polish descent—both parents and their child­ ren who want to attend American colleges and universities —are, more and more frequently, asking the Foundation both for information concerning American higher institu­ tions of learning and for financial assistance. Although the demands under “c” do not, strictly speaking, fall within the program of the Foundation, it would nevertheless be most desirable if some way could be found to perform this useful service. The resources of the Foundation at the present time make it impossible to lend assistance even to the most meritorious caus­ es. For the American students of Polish extraction the Founda­ tion can do two things for the present and the near future: (1) furnish information and render advice as to the educational oppor­ tunities offered by a given institution in a given field of study; (2) try to obtain for them such financial assistance as may be avail­ able from other organizations. In view of this activity and also in response to a definite demand, plans are under way to make a comprehensive statistical survey of these students in American institutions. With regard to items under “a” and “b”, they unquestion­ ably come within the third section of the second Article of the Charter stating the objects of the Foundation, namely, besides the exchange of students and professors: “To cultivate closer intellectual and cultural relations bet­ ween Poland and the LTnited States in such ways and by such means as may from time to time seem wise in the judgment of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.” In order to carry out these objects more extensively, it would be necessary to solicit annual memberships with certain definite contributions, as other similar organizations are doing, in addition to the income from the endowment fund which is being gradually built up. 5. There is a definite demand for an authoritative and com­ prehensive work in the English language on “Kościuszko in America,” and the Foundation is looked upon as the best quali­ fied institution to publish such a work. Should this be undertaken,

Eleven enough friends of the Foundation would be found to guarantee the expenses of publication, or to create a ready market by ad­ vanced subscriptions. A more difficult undertaking, however, is to collect the necessary material. It is proposed that the Foundation establish in its head­ quarters a working library on Kościuszko, as well as on Poland in general, composed of books and other material. Should such a library be established, friends of the Foundation would donate a substantial number of books. Definite promises have already been made to this effect. A library of this sort could be used at the headquarters of the Foundation, suitable facilities being amply provided for, and loaned in parts, as called for, to writers and lecturers on topics pertaining to Poland.

Respectfully submitted,

STEPHEN P. MIZWA Executive Director. NATIONAL COUNCIL

E r n s t F. W. A lexanderson M r s . R . v o n M o s c h z i s k e r Szymon Askenazy K e n n e t h M . M u r r a y W a l t e r C. B a i l e y A. E m i l y N a p i e r a l s k a George B arr Baker F r a n k N o w a k A. B. Barber G e o r g e R . N o y e s J u l i u s H . B a r n e s A. M. O c e t k i e w i c z W alter M. Berry J u l i a S w i f t O r v is W i l l i a m C. B o y d e n A l v i n O w s l e y N icholas M urray B utler I g n a c e J a n P a d e r e w s k i Samuel P. Capen M a r i o n E . P a r k B e n j a m i n F. C a s t l e G e o f f r e y P a r s o n s A lbert J. Chesley F e l i x W. P a w ł o w s k i Jan Ciechanowski A l f r e d J . P e a r s o n Julian L. Coolidge C h a r l e s P h i l l i p s M e r i a n C. C o o p e r G e o r g e P a l m e r P u t n a m H . S. Dem arest W i l l i a m A. R e d d i n g Stephen P. Duggan E d g a r R i c k a r d E. Dana Durand M r s . B. L . R o b i n s o n Roman Dyboski E u g e n e R o m e r C. D ziadulewicz S t e f a n R o s i c k i T a g e U . H . E l l i n g e r H e r b e r t L . S a t t e r l e e Paul P. Flak F r a n c k S c h o e l l F r a n c i s E. F r o n c z a k M m e . M a r c e l l a S e m b r i c k T . H . G a r l i c k E d w i n P . S h a t t u c k Hugh Gibson T h o m a s S i e m i r a d z k i H ipolit Gliw ic F r a n k H . S i m o n d s W i l l i a m R. G r o v e G e o r g e W. S i w i ń s k i C h a r l e s : H . H a l l i d a y A l e x a n d e r S k r z y ń s k i C hristian A. H erter J o h n W . S m i t h Rupert Hughes J o h n B. S t e t s o n , Jr. V ernon Kellogg SlG IS M O N D S t OJOWSKI Leopold Kotnowski L e o p o l d S t o k o w s k i Ladislaus Kozłowski F . d e S t . P h a l l e Rev. W acław Kruszka P a u l S u p e r W itold Krzyżanowski A . S z u m o w s k a ^A d a m o w s k a James A. Logan, Jr. M. S . S z y m c z a k W i l l i a m G. L u s h S . M. d e T o r o s i e w i c z W. Lutosław ski C a r l V r o o m a n R. S. M acElwee F r e d e r i c C . W a l c o t t J. Inglis M aitland H e r s c h e l C . W a l k e r Emil M alinow ski M. F . W e g r z y n e k M rs. R obert G. M e a d S . B u r t W o l b a c h David H unter M iller L a d is l a u s W r ó b l e w s k i Ralph M odjeski C a s i m i r D . Z d a n o w i c z Bruce M. M ohler S t . J . Z wierzchowski 1 ^ Biblioteka Śląska w Katowicach Id: 0030000772430

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