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Product Information MANNA® 2000 CAS: 9036-66-2 Formula: A highly branched polysaccharide that is Characteristics: composed of galactose units and arabinose units in the Agglomerated free flowing powder, white to off-white approximate ratio of 6:1 Highly soluble in hot and cold water Botanical source: Larch Tree (Larix laracina or Larix Excellent stability to heat, pH, and salt concentrations occidentalis). Specifications: Structural formula: Carbohydrates: .......................... 80% Min. Physical State -Flavor.............................. Slight Gal I -Odor................................ Slightly Aromatic Araf Gal Gal Color (CWF) I I I -L...................................... 90 Min. Gal Gal Gal Araf GalAraf I I I I I I -a...................................... Record Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal - Gal -b...................................... 11 Max. I I I I Araf Arap Gal Gal -Whiteness....................... 63 Min. I I Dissolution Araf Gal Sink Wet .......................... Pass I I Gal = galactose sugar Gal Gal Lumps .............................. None (galactopyranosyl) β(1-3) Main Chain Heavy Metals............................ 5 ppm Max. β(1-6) Side Chains Araf = arabinose sugar Lead ............................... 0.10 ppm Max. (arabinofuranosyl) β(1-3) & β (1-6) Arap = arabinose sugar Arsenic ........................... 0.40 ppm Max (arabinopyranosyl) Cadmium. ....................... 0.25 ppm Max Mercury ........................... 0.10 ppm Max. Molecular weight: 15,000 to 60,000 Daltons Bulk Density............................... 0.27 – 0.35 g/ml Particle Size Synonyms: Arabinogalactan, Larch Arabinogalactan, (+40Mesh) ........................ <15% Galactoarabinin, Larch fiber- Larch gum Viscosity (30%).......................... 15 cps Max. Applications: Dietary Fiber, emulsifier, stabilizer Moisture..................................... 6 Max. Microbiological Handling: A.P.C. .............................. 1000 CFU/g Max. Packaging: ................... 25 kilo containers Yeast ............................... 100 CFU/g Max Toxicity: ........................ LD50 (rat): >12,900 mg/kg Mold................................. 100 CFU/g Max. Transport: .................... Non Restricted Salmonella....................... Negative per 100 g Inventories: .................. TSCA (US) Coliform ........................... 10 CFU/g Max. ...................................... TMH (Thailand) E.Coli ............................... Absence in 10 g ...................................... Taiwan Staphylococcus ............... Absence in 10 g ...................................... South Korea ...................................... New Zealand ...................................... Italy GRAS Status ............... Affirmed Kosher Status: ............. Certified by United Mehadrin Shelf Life: 4 years from date of manufacture The seller makes no warranty, expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy of any results to be obtained from the use of this information and no warranty is expressed or implied concerning the use of these products other than indicated within. The buyer assumes all risks of use and/or handling. No statement is intended or should be construed as a recommendation to infringe any patent . Printed in the USA Revised 09-Feb-10 Supercedes 26-Jan-10 Page 1 of 1 .

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Enhanced Trehalose Production Improves Growth of Escherichia Coli Under Osmotic Stress† J
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 2005, p. 3761–3769 Vol. 71, No. 7 0099-2240/05/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3761–3769.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Enhanced Trehalose Production Improves Growth of Escherichia coli under Osmotic Stress† J. E. Purvis, L. P. Yomano, and L. O. Ingram* Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Box 110700, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Downloaded from Received 7 July 2004/Accepted 9 January 2005 The biosynthesis of trehalose has been previously shown to serve as an important osmoprotectant and stress protectant in Escherichia coli. Our results indicate that overproduction of trehalose (integrated lacI-Ptac-otsBA) above the level produced by the native regulatory system can be used to increase the growth of E. coli in M9-2% glucose medium at 37°C to 41°C and to increase growth at 37°C in the presence of a variety of osmotic-stress agents (hexose sugars, inorganic salts, and pyruvate). Smaller improvements were noted with xylose and some fermentation products (ethanol and pyruvate). Based on these results, overproduction of trehalose may be a useful trait to include in biocatalysts engineered for commodity chemicals. http://aem.asm.org/ Bacteria have a remarkable capacity for adaptation to envi- and lignocellulose (6, 7, 10, 28, 30, 31, 32, 45). Biobased pro- ronmental stress (39). A part of this defense system involves duction of these renewable chemicals would be facilitated by the intracellular accumulation of protective compounds that improved growth under thermal stress and by increased toler- shield macromolecules and membranes from damage (9, 24).
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Conversion of Carbohydrates to Furfural Via Selective Cleavage Of
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Conversion of carbohydrates to furfural via selective cleavage of carbon-carbon bond: cooperative effect of zeolite and solvent Jinglei Cui,ab Jingjing Tan,ab Tiansheng Deng,a Xiaojing Cui,a Yulei Zhu*ac and Yongwang Liac a State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +86-351-7560668. b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. c Synfuels China Co. Ltd., Beijing, PR China. 1. Materials Cellulose, inulin, starch, sucrose, maltose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose, D- arabinose, 5-hydromethylfurfural (HMF), formic acid (FA) and levulinic acid (LA) were purchased from Aladdin. γ-valerolactone (GVL), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), 1,4- dioxane, gluconic acid, H2SO4 (98%), Amberlyst-15, AlCl3 and γ-Al2O3 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.. All the above agents were utilized without further purification. Hβ, HY, H-Mordenite and HZSM-5 zeolite were purchased from The Catalyst Plant of Nankai University. 2. Experiments 2.1 The computational formula The conversion of sugars and the yield of the products were quantified according to the following equations: 푚표푙 표푓 푠푢푔푎푟(푖푛푙푒푡)－푚표푙 표푓 푠푢푔푎푟(표푢푡푙푒푡) Conversion = 푚표푙 표푓 푠푢푔푎푟(푖푛푙푒푡) ×100% 푚표푙 표푓 표푛푒 푝푟표푑푢푐푡 푝푟표푑푢푐푒푑 Yield =푚표푙 표푓 푡ℎ푒표푟푒푡푖푐푎푙 푝푟표푑푢푐푡 푣푎푙푢푒×100% 2.2 Procedures for the catalyst recycling After the first run was completed, the reaction products were centrifuged for 10 min to separate the Hβ zeolite from the solutions.
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The Fischer Proof of the Structure of (+)-Glucose Started in 1888, 12
The Fischer proof of the structure of (+)-glucose Started in 1888, 12 years after the proposal that carbon was tetrahedral, and thus had stereoisomers. Tools: - melting points - optical rotation (determine whether a molecule is optically active) - chemical reactions Fischer knew: - (+)-glucose is an aldohexose. - Therefore, there are 4 stereocenters and 24 = 16 stereoisomers (8 D-sugars and 8 L-sugars) - At this time could not determine the actual configuration (D or L) of sugars - Fischer arbitrarily assigned D-glyceraldehyde the following structure. CHO H OH CH2OH - In 1951 Fischer was shown to have guessed correctly. CO2H CHO H OH HO H HO H CH2OH CO2H L-Tartaric acid L-glyceraldehyde Which of the 8 D-aldohexoses is (+)-glucose??? 1) Oxidation of (+)-glucose with nitric acid gives an aldaric acid, glucaric acid, that is optically active. Therefore (+)-glucose cannot have structures 1 or 7, which would give optically inactive aldaric acids. HNO3 (+)-glucose Glucaric acid Optically active CHO CO2H H OH H OH 1 H OH HNO3 H OH Mirror plane H OH H OH H OH H OH Since these aldaric CH2OH CO2H acids have mirror planes they are meso structures. CHO CO2H They are not optically H OH H OH active HO H HNO3 HO H 7 Mirror plane HO H HO H H OH H OH CH2OH CO2H 2) Ruff degradation of (+)-glucose gives (-)-arabinose. Oxidation of (-)-arabinose with nitric acid gives arabanaric acid, which is optically active. Therefore, (-)-arabinose cannot have structures 9 or 11, which would give optically inactive aldaric acids. If arabinose cannot be 9 or 11, (+)-glucose cannot be 2 (1 was already eliminated), 5 or 6, which would give 9 or 11 in a Ruff degradation.
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406-3 Wood Sugars.Pdf
Wood Chemistry Wood Chemistry Wood Carbohydrates l Major Components Wood Chemistry » Hexoses – D-Glucose, D-Galactose, D-Mannose PSE 406/Chem E 470 » Pentoses – D-Xylose, L-Arabinose Lecture 3 » Uronic Acids Wood Sugars – D-glucuronic Acid, D Galacturonic Acid l Minor Components » 2 Deoxy Sugars – L-Rhamnose, L-Fucose PSE 406 - Lecture 3 1 PSE 406 - Lecture 3 2 Wood Chemistry Wood Sugars: L Arabinose Wood Chemistry Wood Sugars: D Xylose l Pentose (5 carbons) CHO l Pentose CHO l Of the big 5 wood sugars, l Xylose is the major constituent of H OH arabinose is the only one xylans (a class of hemicelluloses). H OH found in the L form. » 3-8% of softwoods HO H HO H l Arabinose is a minor wood » 15-25% of hardwoods sugar (0.5-1.5% of wood). HO H H OH CH OH 2 CH2OH PSE 406 - Lecture 3 3 PSE 406 - Lecture 3 4 1 1 Wood Chemistry Wood Sugars: D Mannose Wood Chemistry Wood Sugars: D Glucose CHO l Hexose (6 carbons) CHO l Hexose (6 carbons) l Glucose is the by far the most H OH l Mannose is the major HO H constituent of Mannans (a abundant wood monosaccharide (cellulose). A small amount can HO H class of hemicelluloses). HO H also be found in the » 7-13% of softwoods hemicelluloses (glucomannans) H OH » 1-4% of hardwoods H OH H OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH PSE 406 - Lecture 3 5 PSE 406 - Lecture 3 6 Wood Chemistry Wood Sugars: D Galactose Wood Chemistry Wood Sugars CHO CHO l Hexose (6 carbons) CHO H OH H OH l Galactose is a minor wood D Xylose L Arabinose HO H HO H monosaccharide found in H OH HO H H OH certain hemicelluloses CH2OH HO H CHO CH2OH CHO CHO » 1-6% of softwoods HO H H OH H OH » 1-1.5% of hardwoods HO H HO H HO H HO H HO H H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D Mannose D Glucose D Galactose PSE 406 - Lecture 3 7 PSE 406 - Lecture 3 8 2 2 Wood Chemistry Sugar Numbering System Wood Chemistry Uronic Acids CHO 1 CHO l Aldoses are numbered l Uronic acids are with the structure drawn HO H 2 polyhydroxy carboxylic H OH vertically starting from the aldehydes.
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Multi-Enzymatic Cascades in the Synthesis of Modified Nucleosides
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Determination of Sugar Profiles of Sweetened Foods and Beverages
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2016, Vol. 4, No. 6, 349-354 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/4/6/2 ©Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/jfnr-4-6-2 Determination of Sugar Profiles of Sweetened Foods and Beverages Şana SUNGUR*, Yusuf KILBOZ Department of Chemistry, Science and Letters Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The determination of sugar profile in commonly consumed sweetened foods and beverages (cake, chocolate, jelly tots, cookie, wafer, pudding, fruit yogurt, limon-flavored soda, cola, lemonade, mineral water, fruit juice, milk drink and ice tea) was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of fructose was found higher than the amount of glucose in most of the foods and beverages (juice, limon-flavored soda, mineral water, cola, chocolate, cookie, wafer). The highest fructose contents were found in cola (71.10 % of sugars), chocolate (52.40 % of sugars) and limon-flavored soda (48.21 % of sugars) samples. The galactose, mannitol, arabinose and xylitol were not detected in any of the examined food and beverage samples. The predominant sugar in milk drinks, jelly tots, pudding, cookie and cake samples was determined as sucrose. Maltitol was only determined in cake and jellytots samples. Keywords: fructose, sweetened foods, sweetened beverages, sugar profile, HPLC Cite This Article: Şana SUNGUR, and Yusuf KILBOZ, “Determination of Sugar Profiles of Sweetened Foods and Beverages.” Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, vol. 4, no. 6 (2016): 349-354. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-4-6-2. The objective of this study was to determine fructose content and sugar profile in commonly consumed 1.
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Cofermentation of Glucose, Xylose and Arabinose by Genomic DNA
GenomicCopyright © DNA–Integrated2002 by Humana Press Zymomonas Inc. mobilis 885 All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved. 0273-2289/02/98-100/0885/$13.50 Cofermentation of Glucose, Xylose, and Arabinose by Genomic DNA–Integrated Xylose/Arabinose Fermenting Strain of Zymomonas mobilis AX101 ALI MOHAGHEGHI,* KENT EVANS, YAT-CHEN CHOU, AND MIN ZHANG Biotechnology Division for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose is critical for complete bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues and herbaceous energy crops, to ethanol. We have previously developed a plas- mid-bearing strain of Zymomonas mobilis (206C[pZB301]) capable of cofer- menting glucose, xylose, and arabinose to ethanol. To enhance its genetic stability, several genomic DNA–integrated strains of Z. mobilis have been developed through the insertion of all seven genes necessay for xylose and arabinose fermentation into the Zymomonas genome. From all the integrants developed, four were selected for further evaluation. The integrants were tested for stability by repeated transfer in a nonselective medium (containing only glucose). Based on the stability test, one of the integrants (AX101) was selected for further evaluation. A series of batch and continuous fermenta- tions was designed to evaluate the cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and L-arabinose with the strain AX101. The pH range of study was 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 at 30°C. The cofermentation process yield was about 84%, which is about the same as that of plasmid-bearing strain 206C(pZB301). Although cofer- mentation of all three sugars was achieved, there was a preferential order of sugar utilization: glucose first, then xylose, and arabinose last.
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Screening of Levan Producing Bacteria from Soil Collected from Jaggery Field Nb
IJPCBS 2017, 7(3), 202-210 Laddha et al. ISSN: 2249-9504 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Available online at www.ijpcbs.com Research Article SCREENING OF LEVAN PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM SOIL COLLECTED FROM JAGGERY FIELD NB. Laddha1* and MP. Chitanand2 1Research Centre in Microbiology, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College, Nanded-431 602, Maharashtra, India. 2Department of Microbiology, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College, Nanded- 431 602, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT Levan is an extracellular polysaccharide composed predominantly of D-fructose residues joined by glycosidic bonds. At present, there are many polysaccharides in the market primarily of plant origin. But microbial levans are more preferred as dietary polysaccharide due to its mult- idimensional application as anti-lipidemic, anti-cholesterimic, anti-cancerous and as prebiotic. In this context, in present study twelve levan producing isolates were screened out from jaggery field. Iosolate SJ8 was the highest levan producer which was studied for cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization. It was identified as Bacillus subtilis (KC243314). The optimized fermentation conditions for levan production were pH 7, temperature 300 C,100rpm and 48hrs fermentation period. At these optimized conditions the maximum levan production was 30.6mg/ml. Sugar composition of the polymer was confirmed by analytical methods and TLC. Result proved the presence of fructose as the main sugar in the polymer. Keywords : Levan, Bacillus subtilis (KC243314), polymer, fructose. INTRODUCTION plasma substitute, drug activity prolonger5, anti- Levan is a biopolymer formed by β-(2,6) linkage obesity and lipid-lowering agent6, having β-(1,2) linkages on its branch points and osmoregulator, cryoprotector, or antitumor contains long chain of fructose units in its agent7.
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The Utilization of Sugars by Fungi Virgil Greene Lilly
West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources Station Bulletins And Design 1-1-1953 The utilization of sugars by fungi Virgil Greene Lilly H. L. Barnett Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/ wv_agricultural_and_forestry_experiment_station_bulletins Digital Commons Citation Lilly, Virgil Greene and Barnett, H. L., "The utilization of sugars by fungi" (1953). West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletins. 362T. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wv_agricultural_and_forestry_experiment_station_bulletins/629 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources And Design at The Research Repository @ WVU. It has been accepted for inclusion in West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletins by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/utilizationofsug362lill ^ni^igaro mU^ 'wmSS'"""' m^ r^' c t» WES: VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STAl. luiietin I62T 1 June 1953 ; The Utilization of Sugars by Fungi by Virgil Greene Lilly and H. L. Barnett WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank research assist- ants Miss Janet Posey and Mrs. Betsy Morris Waters for their faithful and conscientious help during some of these experiments. THE AUTHORS H. L. Barnett is Mycologist at the West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station and Professor of Mycology in the College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Home Economics. Virgil Greene Lilly is Physiol- ogist at the West Virginia University Agricul- tural Experiment Station and Professor of Physiology in the College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Home Economics.
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L-Arabinose and Oligosaccharides Production from Sugar Beet Pulp by Xylanase and Acid Hydrolysis
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(10), pp. 1907-1912, 7 March, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.1749 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper L-Arabinose and oligosaccharides production from sugar beet pulp by xylanase and acid hydrolysis Rina Wu1, Huashan Zhang2, Xiaoying Zeng1, Jitai Zhang1 and Hairong Xiong1* 1Engineering research centre for the protection and utilization of bioresource in southern China, College of life science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China. 2Key laboratory of fermentation engineering, Ministry of education (Hubei University of Technology), Wuhan, 430068, China. Accepted 7 January, 2011 Xylanase and sulfuric acid were used to hydrolyze sugar beet pulp for the production of L-arabinose and oligosaccharides. Xylanase was obtained by the solid state fermentation of Thermomyces lanuginosus DSM10635. Xylanase or dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis was adopted to hydrolyze sugar beet pulp. The hydrolysates were quantitatively identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of arabinose was 48.4% in the total monosaccharide of sulfuric acid hydrolysate, whereas, more oligosaccharides were obtained from sugar beet pulp hydrolysate of xylanase. This study has established a new way for arabinose production, as well a potential method for oligosaccharides production. Key words: Xylanase, hydrolysis, sugar beet pulp, L-arabinose, HPLC. INTRODUCTION Hemicellulose is the second most abundant plant poly- metabolic conversion of sucrose (Xiong et al., 2005). saccharide and an attractive energy feedstock for the Currently, arabinose is mainly produced by hydrolyzing production of bioethanol. Xylan is the major hemicellulose the scarce and expensive Arabic gum which was very component in nature.
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Metabolite Gene Regulation of the L-Arabinose Operon in Escherichia
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 1768-1772, April 1980 Biochemistry Metabolite gene regulation of the L-arabinose operon in Escherichia coli with indoleacetic acid and other indole derivatives (circumvention of cyclic AMP/positive control by indole derivatives) ELLIS L. KLINE, CAROLYN S. BROWN, VYTAS BANKAITIS, DAVID C. MONTEFIORI, AND KEN CRAIG Department of Microbiology and Department of Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631 Communicated by Sidney P. Colowick, November 20,1979 ABSTRACT The ability of indole derivatives to facilitate arabinose structural genes. The kinetics of induction and ca- RNA polymerase transcription of the L-arabinose operon in tabolite repression of the araBAD operon in the presence of IAA Escherichia coli was shown to require the catabolite activator have also been examined. protein (CAP) as well as the araC gene product. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) was not obligatory for araBAD transcription when the cells were grown in the presence of 1 mM MATERIALS AND METHODS indole-3-acetic acid or in the presence of indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, or 5-hydroxyin- Chemicals. All chemicals used were purchased from Sigma dole-3-acetic acid. However, these indole derivatives were un- except for sulfuric acid, carbazole, and reagent salts, which were able to circumvent the cAMP requirement for the induction of purchased from Fisher. the lactose and the maltose operons. Catabolite repression oc- Bacterial Strains. The origins and genotypes of E. coli strains curred when glucose was added to cells grown in the presence employed in this study are given in Table 1.
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The Determination of Carbohydrates, Alcohols, and Glycols in Fermentation Broths
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