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3^5 C^J fo^- F)ich/^;<d5.. '^^-/e'R Her Majestys INDIAN AND fl#HlAli F%^ Asri nth BENGAL NATIVE INFANTRY. 1)1 ION IN : j. s \ik'rii'; \ (;.( i., i im ,.%.. THE 6th REGIMENT OF CAVALRY (HUSSARS, CANADA). ,.--' THE CAPE MOUNTED RIFLES. nm^ "* X THE 3^ GOORKHAS. w ..,. /•i;*av#;i;vj«i«^>iii5|^ '*'"•' **ii.a' \/aov^''' THE 2nd QUEEN'5 OWN f^lFLES (CANADAl. HER MAJESTY'S ARMY #-^ V"^ V n p' INDIAN t \k k ? I \ A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS REGIMENTS NOW COMPRISING THE QUEEN'S FORCES IX INDIA AND THE COLONIES nv WALTER RICHARDS •DniifBid) gc>lourc^ Z>nu':.(ranono jy TWO DIVISIONS DIV. II. LONDON J. S. VIRTUE & CO., Limited 294, CITY ROAD AND 26, IVY LANE — ;: 5^"' INDIAN AND COLONIAL. 193 and with an Armstrong gun planted on the platform ut the top of them, seem of unde- niable utility in protecting the entrance of the St, Lawrence, and the Piidoau Canal to Ottawa. At the mouth of the Niagara river is our only other fortification along the lake. "Within three hundred yards of a similar huildiug on the American side, stands Fort St. George, the smaller and less pretentious of the two, but apparently of greater strength and solidity than the hith-and-plaster looking barrack on the opposite shore." Near Niagara, some fifteen miles or so from the city of that name, once more impor- tant than now, is rising a village and town in the neighbourhood of which many events in "the history of Canada have taken place, the battle of Queenstown Heights, memor- able for the victory and death of Brock ; the battle of Lmidy's Lane j and in later years, the celebrated seizure of the Caroline:'' The constitution of the present Militia Force is as follows : Cavalry: Fourteen Eegiments, inclusive of the School Corus aud Body Guard and -, four Independent Troops. Field Artillery : Seventeen Bj-igades. Garrison Artillery : Nineteen Brigades. Mountain Artillery : One Brigade. Engineers : Three Companies. ^lounted Infantry : One Company. Infantry : Ninety-six Brigades, exclusive of the Infantry School Corps and the Governor-General's Foot Guards. Three independent companies. The military districts are Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, ^Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island. Ontario is divided into four districts, having eight Brigade Divisions ; (iuobec into three, having the same number ; Now Brunswick is one, having three Brigade Divisions ; Nova Scotia is one, having the same number / Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island respectively constitute the lOtli, 11th, and 12th Military Districts. Bearing in mind what mo have before observed as to the dates of the present organization, it will be seen that the existing regiments as such are unable to make the claim of corporate identity with the old corps whose names have been made so familiar by their prowess at Quebec, Lake George, Queenstown, and C'hateauguay, and by the leadership of Brock and Prevosi, Macknab, Eobinson, and Evans. The early chronicle of the Militia achievements has been thus summarized " The Canadian Militia is celebrated in history ; and if agricultural indtistry and peaceful occupations have during late years led them to abandon the sword-hilt for the C 19+ HER MAJESTY'S ARMY. plougli-liandlo, tlicrc is no reason to doubt that in younger veins there still flows the blood of tlio gallant North-lv.ist Loyalists, and the descendants of those who fought with Carleton and Brock ar(> inspired with the same patriotism and horror of annexation that nerved llie hardy muscles of their ancestors. In 177-5, during the first aggression of the States after their renunciation of allegiance, it was chiefly owing to the Militia of tho province that the enemy, after a brief winter campaign, iuAvhich Mont gomerie was killed under tho walls of Quebec, were driven back across the frontier. Again, in tho war of 1812, when tardy reinforcements from England added but little to tho strength of tho regulars, it was to the local ^lililia that GJeneral ]3rock and Sir George Provost wero chiefly indebted for successes which terminated in a peace signed at Ghent in 181-1, a peace by no means satisfactory to tho Canadians, who were just beginning to turn tho tables on tlie invaders by froipu'ut inroads upon American territory." "We shall glance very briclly at the events whicli led to tho capture of Canada ; to tlie r.^Vdlt of the colonies wliicli cemented the new-welded relationship of tho .Dominion and mother country ; to tlu' war of 1812, aptly described as "an episode in the story of a young people glorious in itself and full of promise." "Wo shall refer to tho warlike occurrences of llie present reign, in which many individuids of the present army have distinguished tlieinselves, and we shall trace as far as is possible within our limits tho ,! I history of tlie existing corps, and their connection, transmitted or actual, with tho struggles of the country. " Ancient history " is falling out of fashion, yet it is doubtful whether many works have been written of late years equalling in interest the now well-nigh I'orgotten works, Monkalm uivl H'"//-'', or Knox's History of the Louisbourg and Quebec expeditions. Wo obtain glimpses of British soldiers iighting in an unknown territory, inider unfamiliar J circumstances, against f<jes formidable for their very strangeness. AVe see tlie Indian, round whom noveli-ts lunc wrought so strange a glamour of sentiment and romance, in his true colours, in which mingle all shades of lust, ferocity, and squalor, brightened % 'X- by gleams of savage heroism and untaught chivalry. We soo the Provincials—English % and French—exhibiting with tlie traditionary qualities of their race characteristics ac(piir<Hl in prairie warfare and scttlem:nt raid. When the struggh> commenced, " tho English (jceupicd a m re patch (jf land on the eastern seaboard of America, hemmed in on I all sides by the; French, who occupied not only Canada in tho north and Louisiana in the south, but possessed a chain of posts connecting them, so cutting off tho English from all access to the vast countries of tho west." The English colonists, though superior ; IXDIAN AND COLONIAL. »0S ill number to the French, and p'-ssessing the colonising instinct, in Avhich they are iinrivalled, "were weakened by intcrprovincial divisions and jealousies, and wore thus able to render but litl'ul assistance to the royal troops at the commencement of the struggle. They had, however, an important source of strength in the friendship which the traders had cultivated with the Indians. So cf cctively, indeed, hud they shown the latter the identity of their interests with liritish supremacy, that in 1751 the emissary of the rroiich Governor of Canada reported that English iutlucncc was supreme in the valley of (Jhio. The first overt act of hostilities was the capture of an English fort garrisoned bv f^rty men by a French force of some tive hundred, shortly followed by the surprise by Washing- ton, at the head of the Virginia regiment, of a reconnoitring body of the enemy. Invents marched fast then. England and France were formally at war, the imprudent appoint- ment of General ]3raddock to the command of the British troops gave a ti^inporary advantage to the French. Mrginians and Canadians were pitted against each other at Little Meadows and Lake George; ^Mohawks and Iroquois were ranged on opposite sides ; Lyman led the men of Connecticut and Massachusetts to victory against Uieskau. Then appeared on the scene the giants of the ooiillict, Montcalm, do Levis, Yaudreuil 'k Amherst, Kowe, and Wolfe. The massacre at Fort William Henry was followed by the destruction of the French settlements on the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; while the French were successful at Ticonderoga, the English captured Louisbourg and JJutpicsue, and destroyed Fort Frontenac. Of the sixteen thousand troops whom Montcalm commanded at Quebec a large portion were Canadians ; with Wolfe were several provincial regiments from New England. During the siege the British commander issued proclamations calling upon the Canadians to stand neutral and promising them full protection of their lives and liberties, a promise elociuently prophetic of what -was shortly after—and ever since—to \,i observed. There is no need to describe how Quebec was captured, but in pages devoted to the early history of the Provincial Militia it will not be out of place to emphasize the fact that it was rt the head of the Louisbourg Grenadiers that the heroic Wolfe met his death. The victory was followed by the flight of the French ; before long Montreal—the old Mont Eoyal of the days of Cartier was besieged by the English — ; and "on the Sth September, ITGO, Yaudreuil signed the capitulation by which Canada and all its dependencies passed to the English Crown." It was but natural that some friction should exist in a country thus transierred abruptly from one power to another, and whose population was composed of the com- patriots of their i)ast and present co-subjects. No drastic measures were taken, such as c c ; I 196 IlER .VAjnsiT'S ARM}'. thoso the fit'tltlous causes ami coase(iiioucp.s of wliicli havo boon iininortalisod in tlio swcot stately liuoi of '• Evangolino." It is, of course, sonunvliat heartromliug to realise that the simple Acadiau farmers, -whom their eulogist describes as alike " firu from Fear tlmt rciiins with tlic tyrant, ainl ciivy, iho vice of rcinillics," should, according to the prosaic muse of actual history, hav(' refused iu despite of treaties to give up their "allcgiauco to the crown of France, erected forts, and in various ways sought to aid tlieir countrymen in a project for conquering the province,'' Yet so, undoubtedly, it was, and considering the j)osition of Great Britain at the time, it is scarcely to be wondennl at if the Ciovcrninent of George III.
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