City-Coins-Auction-67-Web-V9.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

City-Coins-Auction-67-Web-V9.Pdf CITY COINS POSTAL Medal AUCTION 67 POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION 67 CLOSING DATE 26TH AUGUST 2016 17.00 hrs. (S.A.) GROUND FLOOR TULBAGH CENTRE RYK TULBAGH SQUARE FORESHORE CAPE TOWN, 8001 SOUTH AFRICA P.O. BOX 156 SEA POINT, 8060 CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA TEL: +27 21 425 2639 FAX: +27 21 425 3939 [email protected] • www.citycoins.com CATALOGUE AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY ON OUR WEBSITE INDEX PAGES PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. 2 – 5 THE STORY OF THE DATED QUEEN’S SOUTH AFRICA MEDAL 7 – 14 by ROBERT MITCHELL .................................................................................................................... THE MEDALS OF THE CAPE COPPER COMPANY 43 – 47 FOR THE DEFENCE OF O’OKIEP by ROBERT MITCHELL ....................................... TOWNSEND FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS ........................................ 48 ALPHABETICAL SURNAME INDEX .............................................................................. 87 – 88 PRICES REALISED AUCTION 66 ..................................................................................... 90 – 92 BIDDING GUIDELINES REVISED ..................................................................................... 93 CONDITIONS OF SALE REVISED ..................................................................................... 94 LOTS WORLD WAR I GALLANTRY AWARDS TO SOUTH AFRICANS ............................ 1 – 7 ORDERS AND DECORATIONS ........................................................................................ 8 – 12 QUEEN’S SOUTH AFRICA MEDALS ............................................................................. 13 – 37 BOER WAR GROUPS ......................................................................................................... 38 – 50 TOWNSEND FAMILY MEDALS .................................................... 51 – 53 O’OKIEP CAPE COPPER COMPANY MEDAL ............................................................. 54 ANGLO BOER WAR MEDALS ......................................................................................... 55 – 71 SINGLE BRITISH CAMPAIGN MEDALS ....................................................................... 72 – 79 WORLD WAR I ................................................................................................................... 80 – 139 MEMORIAL PLAQUES ..................................................................................................... 140 – 146 DELVILLE WOOD MEMORABILIA ............................................................................... 147 – 159 WORLD WAR II AND POST WORLD WAR II ............................................................... 160 – 188 SADF, SAP, SA PRISON SERVICE ................................................................................... 189 – 197 MINIATURE MEDALS, MISCELLANEOUS ................................................................... 198 – 201 FOREIGN MEDALS ............................................................................................................. 202 – 204 RENAMED MEDALS, INCOMPLETE GROUPS AND OTHERS ................................... 205 – 227 ANGLO-BOER WAR MEDALLIONS ................................................................................ 228 – 229 VARIOUS ............................................................................................................................... 230 – 247 1 PREFACE Dear Collecting Friend “At the going down of the sun, and in the morning, we will remember them.” It is now 100 years since that horrific and awesome opening of the Battle of the Somme in faraway France. Just two weeks later a small contingent of South Africans justly earned enduring fame for the manner in which they held their ground on the battlefront. As this Auction catalogue is published on the Web, another contingent of South Africans again honoured the memory of those who served in Flanders’s Fields. They re-dedicated the hallowed memorial which is the focal point of the cemetery housing the graves of so many South Africans who fought the good fight, not only at Delville Wood, but also during so many other actions during the Great War. The South Africans who served in the frontline trenches in France in 1916 were all Volunteers – many d id not return home. My late father used to say that the medals awarded to every old soldier represented “his story which never dies” and a s medal collectors it is our duty, indeed our privilege, to honour them and to keep their memories alive. We too, a s medal auctioneers, have a duty to reflect on their courage and self-sacrifice. It is fitting therefore that this centenary catalogue includes and highlights a diverse selection onf medals a d awards to South Africans who served at that time. Gallantry groups for France awarded to South Africans include (Lot 1) the Military Cross to Captain Wardill of the South African Heavy Artillery, no less than five Military Medals including the groups awarded Private George Baker (Loh t 5) w o along with Alexander Estment assisted Private William Faulds in his memorable exploit at Delville Wood for which he was later rewarded with the coveted Victoria Cross and the Delville Wood group to John Granger (Lot 7) whose recommendation for a DCM was downgraded to an MM. Some excellent general groups which include Decorations and Orders are offered, such as (Lot 8) the fine 1910 MVO group awarded to Police Captain Robert Montgomery Crawford; the DSO and Royal Humane Society Bronze medal Boer War pair to Frank Ewart (Lot 9) of the Liverpool Regiment; the South African Naval Service World War II DSM group awarded to Daniel Smit (Lot 11) of HMS Dorsetshire and the British WWI MC group awarded to Bernard Hawkes (Lot 12). Captain Hawkes was wounded at “Tea Trench” in Delville Wood just 5 weeks after the South African Brigade were withdrawn in July 1916. Such was the thrill for us at City Coins and the cataloguer in handling a “Raised Date” QSA medal (Lot 13) that it induced him to write the opening article for this catalogue! I hope readers find the article interesting. The story of Howard Grestock has yet to be researched and written – my preliminary investigations suggest that this will be a rewarding story. The Auction highlights amongst the single QSA medals on offer include a rare “Times of Natal” War Correspondent (Lot 21) and the exceptional medal awarded to the Australian Sergeant, later Lieutenant, Geoffrey Hensman of the 1st West Australian Contingent (Lot 28), who was mortally wounded in the famous “West Australia Hill” action on 9 February 1900 and whose figure and presentment were subsequently placed on the Boer War Memorial erected at Perth. Private Lambrechs’ Boer War group (Lot 49) which includes a rare Cape of Good Hope Colonial Long Service medal warrants a special mention. In time to come, this Auction will surely be remembered for the two exceptional groups of medals awarded for the Defence of O’okiep. Both, a rare silver (Lot 51) and a bronze (Lot 52) medal, of the 2 Cape Copper Company are on offer and are sure to arouse considerable interest with Boer War collectors. There is also a good selection of medals for collectors of the South African Anglo Boere Oorlog medaljes. Although few in number the single campaign medals on offer include a number of absolute gems such as (Lot 72) awarded to a recipient who served during all three campaigns of the South Africa 1853 medal and (Lot 74) awarded to an historically important officer of the Zulu War. In line with our thoughts in remembering the casualties of the Great War we are pleased to include several Memorial Plaques (Lots 140 – 146). We would be overjoyed of course if one of these were to be reunited with the recipient’s medal pair or trio. The Auction includes an extensive group of ephemera (Lots 147 – 159) relating to the South African National Memorial at Delville Wood. Of special interest is the original album with three records preserving the speeches made by Sir Percy Fritzpatrick and General Hertzog at the Unveiling Ceremony on 10th October 1926. A contemporary CD is included. The bronze plaque (Lot 153) is sure to attract many bids. The sale concludes with a good South African Korean War group (Lot 196), various foreign medals and ZAR medallions. The Kruger medallion commemorating his visit to the Dutch Court (Lot 229) is rare and sure to attract keen bidding amongst collectors. In closing this Preface Natalie Jaffe writes: In the midst of working on this Postal Medal Auction I was advised that I required immediate surgery. My recuperation was spurred on by the good wishes of family, many friends and collectors who have become friends. In addition, there was the pressing need to finalise the Auction. I have been privileged over the years to have had the support of both Rob Mitchell and Johan Louw and I am indeed appreciative for their unending support, expert medal and numismatic knowledge in preparing both this and past auction catalogues. I take this opportunity to thank all the vendors who have entrusted their medals and collections to me over the years. It has been my ardent wish that the City Coins catalogues are stimulating and with due reverence promote the fine hobby of medal collecting doing justice to every vendor. In Auction 65 City Coins was fortunate to offer the group of medals awarded to Lieutenant General Rogers of the S.A.A.F. albeit that his Order of the Star of South Africa was missing from the group of medals as offered. Subsequent to that
Recommended publications
  • City Coins Post Al Medal Auction No. 68 2017
    Complete visual CITY COINS CITY CITY COINS POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION NO. 68 MEDAL POSTAL POSTAL Medal AUCTION 2017 68 POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION 68 CLOSING DATE 1ST SEPTEMBER 2017 17.00 hrs. (S.A.) GROUND FLOOR TULBAGH CENTRE RYK TULBAGH SQUARE FORESHORE CAPE TOWN, 8001 SOUTH AFRICA P.O. BOX 156 SEA POINT, 8060 CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA TEL: +27 21 425 2639 FAX: +27 21 425 3939 [email protected] • www.citycoins.com CATALOGUE AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY ON OUR WEBSITE INDEX PAGES PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. 2 – 3 THE FIRST BOER WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1880-1881 4 – 9 by ROBERT MITCHELL........................................................................................................................ ALPHABETICAL SURNAME INDEX ................................................................................ 114 PRICES REALISED – POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION 67 .................................................... 121 . BIDDING GUIDELINES REVISED ........................................................................................ 124 CONDITIONS OF SALE REVISED ........................................................................................ 125 SECTION I LOTS THE FIRST BOER WAR OF INDEPENDENCE; MEDALS ............................................. 1 – 9 SOUTHERN AFRICAN VICTORIAN CAMPAIGN MEDALS ........................................ 10 – 18 THE ANGLO BOER WAR 1899-1902: – QUEEN’S SOUTH AFRICA MEDALS .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Kimberley Africana Library
    Fig. 1: JL Lieb: A map of the Griqua territory and part of the Bechuana country of South Africa, 1830 (M029) THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE KIMBERLEY AFRICANA LIBRARYAND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE KIMBERLEY PUBLIC LIBRARY by ROSEMARY JEAN HOLLOWAY submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF INFORMATION SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR : PROFESSOR T B VAN DER WALT SEPTEMBER 2009 i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD SUMMARY ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1 The history and development of the Kimberley Africana Library and its relationship with the Kimberley Public Library 1.1 Introduction ……….. ……….. ………. 1 1.2 Background to the study ……….. ……….. ………. 2 1.3 The aim, purpose and value of the study ……….. ………. 7 1.4 Delimitation ……….. ……….. ………. 9 1.5 Explanation of relevant concepts ……. ……….. ………. 11 1.6 Methodology and outline of the study ……….. ………. 12 CHAPTER 2 The Kimberley Public Library/Africana Library within an environmental perspective 2.1 Introduction ……….. ………… ………. 18 2.2 The land and the people ……….. ………… ………. 18 2.3 Politics and the economy ……….. ………… ………. 29 2.3.1 Kimberley and the growth of the South African economy ……….. ………… ……….. 30 2.3.2 Kimberley and local politics … ………… ……….. 32 2.3.3 British hegemony in South Africa and territorial claims ……….. ………… ……….. 33 2.3.4 From mining camp to a town .. ………… ……….. 35 2.3.5 The illicit trade in diamonds … ………… ……….. 36 2.3.6 International economic and political events to affect Kimberley ………… ………… ……….. 37 2.3.7 Conclusion ………... ………… ……….. 43 ii CHAPTER 3 The Kimberley Public Library within the context of the development of public libraries in South Africa 3.1 Introduction ………… ………… ……….
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland and the South African War, 1899-1902 by Luke Diver, M.A
    Ireland and the South African War, 1899-1902 By Luke Diver, M.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH Head of Department: Professor Marian Lyons Supervisors of Research: Dr David Murphy Dr Ian Speller 2014 i Table of Contents Page No. Title page i Table of contents ii Acknowledgements iv List of maps and illustrations v List of tables in main text vii Glossary viii Maps ix Personalities of the South African War xx 'A loyal Irish soldier' xxiv Cover page: Ireland and the South African War xxv Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Irish soldiers’ experiences in South Africa (October - December 1899) 19 Chapter 2: Irish soldiers’ experiences in South Africa (January - March 1900) 76 Chapter 3: The ‘Irish’ Imperial Yeomanry and the battle of Lindley 109 Chapter 4: The Home Front 152 Chapter 5: Commemoration 198 Conclusion 227 Appendix 1: List of Irish units 240 Appendix 2: Irish Victoria Cross winners 243 Appendix 3: Men from Irish battalions especially mentioned from General Buller for their conspicuous gallantry in the field throughout the Tugela Operations 247 ii Appendix 4: General White’s commendations of officers and men that were Irish or who were attached to Irish units who served during the period prior and during the siege of Ladysmith 248 Appendix 5: Return of casualties which occurred in Natal, 1899-1902 249 Appendix 6: Return of casualties which occurred in the Cape, Orange River, and Transvaal Colonies, 1899-1902 250 Appendix 7: List of Irish officers and officers who were attached
    [Show full text]
  • Puun 1 9 8 3 0
    GENERAL ASSEMBLY GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: THIRTY-SEVENTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 24 (A/37/24) UNITED NATIONS New York, 1983 REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS COUNCIL FOR NAMIBIA NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The present volume contains the final text of the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia, which was originally issued in mimeograph form as documents A/37/24 (Part I) of I December 1982 and A/37/24 (Part II ) of 11 December 1982. CONTENTS Chapter Paragraphs ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ...................................................... INTRODUCTION .................................................... PART ONE: WORK OF THE COUNCIL AS A POLICY-MAKING ORGAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS ................................... I. GENERAL ................................................... II. CONSIDERATION OF THE QUESTION OF NAMIBIA BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY .... .............................. .... A. Eighth emergency special session ...................... B. Thirty-sixth session ................................ III. SECURITY COUNCIL ..................................... IV. CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER UNITED NATIONS BODIES ............. A. Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Imperial Map Cape Colony and Later Military Maps of the Cape Colony, South Africa
    The Imperial Map Cape Colony and later military maps of the Cape Colony, South Africa. Dr Christopher Board formerly Senior Lecturer in Geography, London School of Economics Abstract Attempts to compile maps for military use in the Cape Colony during the Anglo-Boer War 1899- 1902 left a legacy of incomplete and unstandardised mapping at the scale of 1:250,000 known as the Imperial Map Cape Colony. Aware of the need for good mapping to permit satisfactory administration and defence a congress of interested parties agreed in 1904 to a scheme for topographic mapping South Africa based on geodetic survey. Economic problems put an end to this project, but the War Office considered the NW Cape Colony worthy of a reconnaissance map at 1:250,000 which they would fund. Thus a special section of the War Office’s map of Africa G.S.G.S.1764 was designed and produced in a military version and as sales editions. The paper documents the progress of the survey and compilation of this map using surviving maps and other archival material in the UK. Introduction British military mapping of a large part of the Cape Colony, South Africa was achieved in great haste to meet the requirements of a mobile army in unfamiliar and poorly mapped, mostly open country at the end of the 19th century. The Imperial Map Cape Colony was compiled to meet the need for a map for planning and executing military operations, to deal with guerrilla war in the Colony itself. It was compiled from mapping available in the Surveyor General’s Department, supplemented by local observation and intelligence reports.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role and Application of the Union Defence Force in the Suppression of Internal Unrest, 1912 - 1945
    THE ROLE AND APPLICATION OF THE UNION DEFENCE FORCE IN THE SUPPRESSION OF INTERNAL UNREST, 1912 - 1945 Andries Marius Fokkens Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Science (Military History) at the Military Academy, Saldanha, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Lieutenant Colonel (Prof.) G.E. Visser Co-supervisor: Dr. W.P. Visser Date of Submission: September 2006 ii Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, to any university for a degree. Signature:…………………….. Date:………………………….. iii ABSTRACT The use of military force to suppress internal unrest has been an integral part of South African history. The European colonisation of South Africa from 1652 was facilitated by the use of force. Boer commandos and British military regiments and volunteer units enforced the peace in outlying areas and fought against the indigenous population as did other colonial powers such as France in North Africa and Germany in German South West Africa, to name but a few. The period 1912 to 1945 is no exception, but with the difference that military force was used to suppress uprisings of white citizens as well. White industrial workers experienced this military suppression in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 when they went on strike. Job insecurity and wages were the main causes of the strikes and militant actions from the strikers forced the government to use military force when the police failed to maintain law and order.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Despatches Vol 24, June 2019
    Military Despatches Vol 24 June 2019 Operation Deadstick A mission vital to D-Day Remembering D-Day Marking the 75th anniversary of D-Day Forged in Battle The Katyusha MRLS, Stalin’s Organ Isoroku Yamamoto The architect of Pearl Harbour Thank your lucky stars Life in the North Korean military For the military enthusiast CONTENTS June 2019 Page 62 Click on any video below to view Page 14 How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and Thank your lucky stars techno-speak that few Serving in the North Korean Military outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some Rank Structure 6 This month we look at the Ca- were clever, while others nadian Armed Forces. were downright crude. Top Ten Wartime Urban Legends Ten disturbing wartime urban 36 legends that turned out to be A matter of survival Part of Hipe’s “On the fiction. This month we’re looking at couch” series, this is an 10 constructing bird traps. interview with one of Special Forces - Canada 29 author Herman Charles Part Four of a series that takes Jimmy’s get together Quiz Bosman’s most famous a look at Special Forces units We attend the Signal’s Associ- characters, Oom Schalk around the world. ation luncheon and meet a 98 47 year old World War II veteran.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette
    Government Gazette REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Vol. 457 Pretoria 25 July 2003 No. 25213 AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure STAATSKOERANT, 25 JULIE 2003 No. 25213 3 PRESIDENTIAL WARRANT BY THE PRESIDENT OFTHE REPUBLIC OFSOUTH AFRICA FOR THE DISCONTINUATION OF TBE CONFERMENT OF CERTAIN HONOURSAND THE INSTITUTION OF NEW HONOURS TO OFFICERSAND OTHER RANKS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE To all to whom these presents shall come, GREETING Whereas QueenElizabeth 11, acting in Her Government of the Union of SouthAfrica, and my predecessors, the several former Presidents of the Republic of South Africaby didRoyal Warrant and by Presidential Warrants at various times institute, constitute and create decorations and medals, mentioned in the attached schedule, which decorations and medals were intended to recognise bravery, leadership, merit, devotion, operational service, andlong service and good conduct or any other acts, for award to Officers and Other Ranksof the South African National Defence Forceand its predecessors and of the Auxiliary Services of the South African National Defence Force and their predecessors, or of any Armed Forces attached to or serving with or rendering any service to the South African National Defence Forceand its predecessors. And whereas by various MerPresidential Warrants the several Warrants, Rules and Regulations governing the awards of the aforesaid decorations and medals were altered and amendedat various times subsequent to their institution; And whereas I desire that the conferment of
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of Sandfontein: the Role and Legacy of Major- General Sir Henry Timson Lukin
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 34, Nr 2, 2006. doi: 10.5787/34-2-24 65 THE BATTLE OF SANDFONTEIN: THE ROLE AND LEGACY OF MAJOR- 1 GENERAL SIR HENRY TIMSON LUKIN Rodney C. Warwick2 Diocesan College, Cape Town Introduction Commemorative statues, plaques and monuments from decades past remain widespread across both the urban and rural South Africa landscape. Included amongst these is the stone likeness of General Tim Lukin in Cape Town: just one of such structures intended to encapsulate the emotions and memories of those who commissioned it. The South African involvement at Delville Wood ninety years ago would still resonate with some of the country’s population; those who at some stage have delved into reading up on the history of our participation in the First World War. However mention of the Battle of Sandfontein during the Union invasion of German South West Africa in 1914 to the same reasonably historically literate grouping, would from the larger proportion of them, most probably elicit an admittance of ignorance. Only the well-read enthusiast of South African military history would be aware of Lukin’s roles at both Delville Wood and Sandfontein, let alone how the latter engagement constituted one of the bleakest moments in the General’s career. This article revives debate about this long forgotten First World War military clash in Africa: the first full set battle-piece in which the two year old Union Defence Force was involved, and which resulted in a defeat for the South African forces. It also investigates the role of General Lukin therein, and how culpability for 1 This paper was presented at the 4th War and Society in Africa Conference: Strategy, Generalship and Command in Southern Africa: Past, Present, Future, held at the South African Military Academy, Saldanha, 4-6 September 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa Mobilises: the First Five Months of the War Dr Anne Samson 
    5 Scientia Militaria vol 44, no 1, 2016, pp 5-21. doi:10.5787/44-1-1159 South Africa Mobilises: The First Five Months of the War Dr Anne Samson Abstract When war broke out in August 1914, the Union of South Africa found itself unprepared for what lay ahead. When the Imperial garrison left the Union during September 1914, supplies, equipment and a working knowledge of British military procedures reduced considerably. South Africa was, in effect, left starting from scratch. Yet, within five months and despite having to quell a rebellion, the Union was able to field an expeditionary force to invade German South West Africa and within a year agree to send forces to Europe and East Africa. This article explores how the Union Defence Force came of age in 1914. Keywords: South Africa, mobilisation, rebellion, Union Defence Force, World War 1 1. Introduction In August 1914, South Africa, along with many other countries, found itself at war. It was unprepared for this eventuality – more so than most other countries. Yet, within six weeks of war being declared, the Union sent a force into neighbouring German South West Africa. This was a remarkable achievement considering the Union’s starting point, and that the government had to deal with a rebellion, which began with the invasion. The literature on South Africa’s involvement in World War 1 is increasing. Much of it focused on the war in Europe1 and, more recently, on East Africa2 with South West Africa3 starting to follow. However, the home front has been largely ignored with most literature focusing on the rebellion, which ran from September to December 1914.4 This article aims to explore South Africa’s preparedness for war and to shed some insight into the speed with and extent to which the government had to adapt in order to participate successfully in it.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Nineteenth-Century Maloti- Drakensberg Mountains1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery The ‘Interior World’ of the Nineteenth-Century Maloti- Drakensberg Mountains1 Rachel King*1, 2, 3 and Sam Challis3 1 Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 2 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 3 Rock Art Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Over the last four decades archaeological and historical research has the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains as a refuge for Bushmen as the nineteenth-century colonial frontier constricted their lifeways and movements. Recent research has expanded on this characterisation of mountains-as-refugia, focusing on ethnically heterogeneous raiding bands (including San) forging new cultural identities in this marginal context. Here, we propose another view of the Maloti-Drakensberg: a dynamic political theatre in which polities that engaged in illicit activities like raiding set the terms of colonial encounters. We employ the concept of landscape friction to re-cast the environmentally marginal Maloti-Drakensberg as a region that fostered the growth of heterodox cultural, subsistence, and political behaviours. We introduce historical, rock art, and ‘dirt’ archaeological evidence and synthesise earlier research to illustrate the significance of the Maloti-Drakensberg during the colonial period. We offer a revised southeast-African colonial landscape and directions for future research. Keywords Maloti-Drakensberg, Basutoland, AmaTola, BaPhuthi, creolisation, interior world 1 We thank Lara Mallen, Mark McGranaghan, Peter Mitchell, and John Wright for comments on this paper. This research was supported by grants from the South African National Research Foundation’s African Origins Platform, a Clarendon Scholarship from the University of Oxford, the Claude Leon Foundation, and the Smuts Memorial Fund at Cambridge.
    [Show full text]