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Shortly After the Establishment of the South African Police, a Miners police commissioners from all four colonies was called obtaining official sanction to form a Fund, which was in August 1910, and a draft Police Bill and regulations initially called the Witwatersrand Provident Fund and he were drafted up on the lines of that used in the former became its Secretary. The Fund grew by leaps and bounds Cape Colony. Act 14 of 1912 was passed with effect from - the rest of the Transvaal came in and then the Cape asked April 1, 1913 as it was closely tied with the Defense Bill to be included, and by the end of 1920 fully 75 per cent that was still being debated. In 1913 the Defense Act was of the South African Police had become members. passed and on December 31, 1913 final authorization for the establishment of two police forces within the Union On the outbreak of the World War 11° in August of 1914 of South Africa was gained. The South African Mounted there were numerous German and Austrian nationals Rifles was formed by the amalgamation of the Cape to be rounded up and interned, and there was a certain Mounted Police, Cape Mounted Rifles, Natal Police and amount of sympathy in South Africa for the German Transvaal Police. The South African Mounted Rifles was cause amongst the Boer population. This led to a rebellion to be the first Permanent Force of military constabulary, in the Union, the declaration of martial law and much which in peacetime was to undertake policing duties in acrimony. There were scores of people awaiting trial ail areas mainly occupied by the Black population. The South over the Union for using seditious language - a sad and African Mounted Rifles comprised five regiments based thankless task for the police. Early in 1915 Detective around the Union. The 1st Regiment, Cape Mounted Henley and other officers from the Johannesburg Criminal Rifles was based in King William’s Town and patrolled Investigation Division j oined the Provost Marshal’s Staff the Transkei and part of the Eastern Cape. The 2nd and at Defence Headquarters11, Pretoria, where they were 3rd Regiments, Natal Police were at Pietermaritzburg and employed in dealing with arrests and investigations under Dundee respectively. The 4th Regiment, Transvaal Police Martial Law. was based in Pretoria, whilst the remaining unit, the 5th Regiment, Cape Mounted Police was based in Kimberley. After the War Henley became a 1st Class Detective In addition to these regiments, an artillery brigade of five Sergeant on October 1, 1919. At the first General batteries was attached to the South African Mounted promotion examination in 1920 he passed at the top of the Rifles. The second force, The South African Police was Transvaal candidates for Detective Head Constable. He formed from all the other pre-Union police forces with was promoted to Detective Head Constable on October the exception of the Borough police from Durban and 1, 1920 and transferred to District 42 of the Kimberley Pietermaritzburg. The South African Police, in terms of Division Criminal Investigation Division, a move which the Police Act, was to be the regular police force of the required his giving up his position as the Secretary of the Union, but its men could also be used in time of war. South African Police Provident Fund. After two years at Kimberley, he returned to the District 29 Headquarters of Shortly after the establishment of the South African the Witwatersrand Division at Johannesburg as Detective Police, a miners’ strike erupted on April 1, 1913 in Head Constable. Henley had been commended in General the Witwatersrand. The police force was still being Orders a number of times, but the commendation he was restructured and when negotiations broke down, around proudest of was issued on January 25, 1924 for his"... 19,000 miners took part in mass action that turned violent extra-ordinary diligence and zeal displayed" in proving on July 5, 1913. The SAP could not handle the situation the innocence of a native who had already received ten alone and the military were called in. By the end of August lashes and done two years of a fifteen years’ sentence for police officers returned to their stations, but in November rape and robbery. Obtaining the evidence to prove the reinforcements had to be sent to Natal to suppress the man’s alibi entailed journeys of about 200 miles around Indian Passive Resistance campaign. In January 1914 the various diamond diggings from Maquassi to Barkly another strike, this time mainly involving railways and West. This native subsequently received a Free Pardon. mines, swept through the Witwatersrand, and officers from all over the country had to be deployed. Military The Rand Rebellion erupted in 1922 with many assistance helped to again quell the labor unrest. Witwatersrand gold-miners striking in revolutionary fashion. A number of police stations were taken over Also in 1913 the need of a Union-wide Police Provident by miners, with police officers captured and besieged Fund became more and more apparent, as members of in Fordsburg and Brixton. Many of the protesters had the Force were rapidly getting older and getting married served in the First World War and had extensive military (Constable Henley’s9, wife was placed on the Married experience, preventing the police from restoring order Establishment of the South African Police on April 1, unti! the Active Citizen Force was called into action. 1913). He got people interested in a scheme, at length 26 JOMSA In 1927, after the South African Mounted Rifles had were carried out with some degree of comfort in his "old been disbanded, the South African Police took over age’’12 (Figure 6). the Pietermaritzburg and then the Durban (1936) areas. After this all duties excluding those of the South African End Notes: Railway Police and the South African Military Police 1. In April of 1896, a severe outbreak of Rinderpest (An infectious Corps became the responsibility of the South African viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some species of wildlife Police. characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high ungulate mortality) broke out in Bechuanaland, the Henley’s Last Medal i~nd Retirement attempted control necessitated the slaughter of potentially infected cattle in a wide area. This control policy caused resentment among the local tribes who rose in protest. The first engagement took place In addition to his official duties, Henley was the at Pokwani, where tribesmen under Chief Galishwe attacked a Johannesburg Correspondent of The Nongqai, the detachment of the Cape Mounted Police on 24 December. In January official South Africa services magazine for almost fifteen 1897, the Batlaros rose in revolt to be followed shortly by practically years, and his other activities were many and varied. On all the other local tribes. It became obvious that a considerable force would be necessary to put down the insurrection, so units December 8th, 1925 he was presented with his fifth and were raised, equipped and placed under the command of Lieutenant last medal - the South Africa Police Faithful Service Colonel Dalgety, Cape Mounted Rifles. The main actions were the Medal, which was awarded to other ranks for 18 years attacks on Gamasep Kloof and Riet Kloof, but in neither of these exemplary service. To the deep regret of his many friends actions were the tribesmen completely defeated thus enforcing a pause in operations while more reinforcements were raised for the Frank Henley retired to pension on January 31, 1928 and Bechuanaland Field Force. In July, when all was ready, a ’drive’ took up an appointment as an Inspector for the Children’s started which ended with an action at Langberg, July 30 - August Aid Society in Johannesburg. With the departure to I, 1897 as a result of which the native leaders were either killed pension of Detective Head Constable F. J. Henley the or surrendered. Force lost an outstanding personality. Although he 2. Prior to the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) each colony or Boer republic had its own law enforcement organization. With the was out of the Service, he was still actively associated outbreak of the war in 1899 the Transvaal and Orange Free State with Magistrates, Public Prosecutors and the Police, police forces were called to active service in the Boer forces, while and continued to live at 27 9th Avenue, Orange Grove, the Cape Mounted Riflemen and Cape Mounted Police, and the Johannesburg. The Children’s Aid Society provided him Natal Mounted Police were called to support the British. The police force would be divided into four divisions, three for the Transvaal with a "Baby Austin" motor car, and his investigations and one for the OFS, but would not be responsible for everyday and wanderings in a large district of about 90 square miles policing, as they would be taking part in the conflict. Figure 6: Henley’s medal group. Vol. 60, No. 4 (July-August 2009) 27 3. Lonis Creswicke South Africa and the Transvaal War, Volume IV. It is believed that details of military police were to be found in the Edinburgh. T. C. & E. C. Jack, N.D., p. 15. garrisons of the Union, including Cape Town, Potchefstroom, and 4. H. W. Wilson, Wtth the Flag to Pretoria, Volume H. London: Durban. Halansworth Brothers Ltd, 1901, p. 376-379. 12. "Retirement of Det. Hd. Const. Henley." The Nongqai. April, 5. Ib~cl. 1928, p. 379-380. 6. Thomas Pakenham. The Boer War. New York: Random House, 1979, p. 192-193. References: 7. Creswicke, p. 17. 8. At the cessation of hostilities, the Johannesburg and Pretoria areas Cape Police Attestation Papers Kimberley, 1896 were under the jurisdiction of the Transvaal Town Police, with the South African Constabulary responsible for rural areas.
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