DOCSLIB.ORG

Cotutelle De Thèse Évolution Tectonique Et

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cotutelle De Thèse Évolution Tectonique Et Université du Québec TINŒtS-CJéoressources et Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis Faculté des Sciences - UMR Géosciences Azur COTUTELLE DE THÈSE ÉVOLUTION TECTONIQUE ET GÉOCHRONOLOGIE 4°ArP9 Ar DE LA ZONE . DE HUMBER INTERNE, APPALACHES DU SUD DU QUÉBEC *** TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND 4°ArP9 Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE INTERNAL HUMBER ZONE, SOUTHERN QUEBEC APPALACHIANS Par SÉBASTIEN CASTONGUAY, M.Sc. Thèse présentée pour l'obtention du grade conjoint de Philosophiae doctor (ph.D.) en sciences de la terre et Docteur en Sciences (sciences de la terre) Jury d'évaluation Examinateur externe Jacques Malavieille Laboratoire de Géophysique et Tectonique, Université Montpellier II 34095 Cedex 05 Montpellier France Examinateur externe L. Peter Gromet Dept. Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 U.S.A. Président du jury et Michel Malo Examinateur interne Centre Géoscientifique de Québec, INRS­ Géoressources, Sainte-Foy, QC. GlV 4C7 Canada Directeur de recherche Alain Tremblay Centre Géoscientifique de Québec, INRS­ Géoressources, Sainte-Foy, QC. GIV 4C7 Canada Directeur de recherche Gilbert Féraud UMR Géosciences Azur, CNRS-Université de Nice­ Sophia Antipolis 06108 Cedex 02 Nice France Thèse soutenue le 10 décembre 1999 à Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada. © droits réservés de Sébastien Castonguay, 2000 iii Résumé L'évolution tectonique de la partie interne et métamorphique de la marge laurentienne (zone de Humber) des Appalaches du sud du Québec résulte de la superposition de plusieurs épisodes de déformation et de métamorphisme qui s'étendent de l'Ordovicien moyen jusqu'au Dévonien moyen. Les orogénies taconienne (Ordovicien moyen à tardif) et acadienne (Dévonien moyen à tardif) sont séparées par une activité tectonique silurienne qui était jusqu'à maintenant inconnue. Les structures ordoviciennes et siluriennes dominent au sein de la zone de Humber et représentent des événements tectono-métamorphiques importants dans sa partie interne. Les structures acadiennes sont présentes, mais moins pénétratives. La phase taconienne D\.2 est responsable de la mIse en place de nappes de chevauchement vers l'avant-pays (nord-ouest) dans la zone de Humber externe et de failles syn-métamorphiques dans la zone interne. Le métamorphisme régional M\_2 est du faciès des schistes verts, mais atteint localement celui des amphibolites. Les données 9 géochronologiques 40 ArP Ar sur muscovites et amphiboles datent le pic métamorphique associé à cette phase à 462±3 Ma. La phase silurienne/dévonienne précoce D3 est caractérisée par des structures à vergence sud-est (arrière-pays) accompagnées par un rétrométamorphisme affectant la paragenèse métamorphique antérieure. Cette tectonique est séparée en structures rétrochevauchantes, longeant la faille Bennett, et en extension le long de la faille St­ Joseph. Ces dernières délimitent respectivement les flancs nord-ouest et sud-est de l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame. Des analyses 4°Arp9 Ar sur muscovites, biotites et amphiboles précisent l'âge de cet événement entre 431 et 411 Ma. Les âges SilurienlDévonien précoce proviennent du mur de la faille St-Joseph et semblent enregistrer la progression (du nord-ouest vers le sud-est) d'une phase de déformation développée de façon hétérogène au sein l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame. Par opposition, les données ordoviciennes proviennent presque exclusivement de roches IV équivalentes à l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame, mais situées dans le toit de la faille St-Joseph, ce qui suggère que celle-ci ait joué un rôle important dans l'histoire tectonique des Appalaches du sud du Québec. Deux modèles portant sur la tectonique siluro-dévonienne sont confrontés. Le premier implique une phase de rétro chevauchement et d'extension syn- à post-compressive en réponse à la création et la propagation d'un poinçon tectonique de socle grenvillien sous l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame. Le deuxième modèle préconise plutôt l'effondrement orogénique post-taconien et l'exhumation tectonique de la zone de Humber interne. Ce dernier modèle évoque certaines caractéristiques, mais surtout la géométrie d'un metamorphic core camp/ex. De plus, la présence et la caractérisation géochronologique de structures en extension procurent un contexte tectonique cohérent avec la création et l'établissement des bassins successeurs siluro-dévoniens de la ceinture de Gaspé. ~~ c::4D /%OY Étudiant V Directeurs de recherche v Abstract The tectonic evolution of the internaI metamorphosed part of the Laurentian margin (Humber zone) in the southern Quebec Appalachians is the result of the superposition of several deformational and metamorphic events that span from the Middle Ordovician to the Middle Devonian. The Taconian (Middle to Late Ordovician) and Acadian (Middle to Late Devonian) orogenic events are separated by a period of Silurian tectonic activity, which was not previously documented. The Ordovician and Silurian structures dominate within the Humber zone and represents important tectonometamorphic events within the internaI zone. Acadian structures are present, but less penetrative. The D I_2 Taconian phase is responsible for foreland-directed nappe emplacement in the external Humber zone and syn-metamorphic faults in the internaI zone. The M I_2 regional metamorphism is of greenschist facies, but locally reaches the amphibolite 9 facies. Geochronological 40 ArP Ar data on muscovites and amphiboles date the metamorphic peak: at 462±3 Ma. The D3 Silurian/early Devonian phase is characterized by hinterland-directed structures accompanied by retro grade metamorphism and recrystallization of the pre­ existing metamorphic paragenesis. The associated tectonic features are separated into backthrusting structures along the Bennett fault and extensional structures along the St­ Joseph fault. These latter faults respectively mark the northwestern and southeastern limbs of the Notre-Dame mountains antic1inorium. 4°Arp9 Ar analyses on muscovites, biotites and amphiboles define the age of the D3 event between 431 and 41-1 Ma. Silurian/early Devonian data come from the footwall of the St-Joseph fault, and appear to record the southeastward progression of the deformation within the Notre-Dame mountains antic1inorium. In contrast, Middle Ordovician age data are exc1usively provided by rocks correlative to those of the Notre-Dame mountains antic1inorium, but VI within the St-Joseph fault footwall, which suggests that this fault has played an important role in the tectonic evolution of the southern Quebec Appalachians. Two models for the SilurianlDevonian tectonic evolution are being confronted. The first implicates a phase of backthrusting and syn- to post-compressive extension in response to the creation and propagation of a Grenvillian basement tectonic wedge located underneath the Notre-Darne mountains anticlinorium. The second model rather advocates for the post-Taconian orogenic collapse and tectonic exhumation of the internaI Humber zone. The latter model is evocative of sorne the characteristics and the geometry of a metarnorphic core complex. In addition the presence and geochronological characterization of extensional structures provides a tectonic frarnework consistent with the creation and establishment of the Siluro-Devonian successor basins within the Gaspé Belt. Vll Avant-propos Cette thèse de doctorat a été entreprise dans le cadre de la convention sur les cotutelles de thèse entre la Conférence des recteurs et des principaux des universités du Québec (CREPUQ) d'une part, et la Conférence des présidents d'universités françaises (CPU) et la Conférence des directeurs d'écoles et de formations d'ingénieurs de France d'autre part, dans ce cas, entre l'Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France) et l'INRS­ Géoressources (Québec). La direction de la thèse est exercée conjointement par le Dr Alain Tremblay (INRS) et le Dr Gilbert Féraud (UMR Géosciences Azur CNRS­ Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis). L'entente de cotutelle prévoit une soutenance unique et une diplomation conjointe des deux établissements. À Francine, Jean et Alexandra x Remerciements Je tiens à remercier mes collègues et amis Alain Tremblay, Gilles Ruffet, Gilbert Féraud, Nicolas Pinet et Marc Sosson pour leur appui et leur regard critique durant toutes les étapes de cette étude. Je remercie également les membres du jury, Jacques Malavieille, Peter Gromet et Michel Malo pour leurs commentaires et suggestions qui ont contribué à l'amélioration de cet ouvrage. Je remercie du fond du cœur ma famille pour leur amour inconditionnel et leur soutien moral. Cette thèse leur est dédiée. J'aimerais de plus remercier tous ceux qui m'ont soutenu et encouragé au cours de mes études, Lissa et la famille Morotti (grazie ... ), Laurent Godin, Brigitte Lafortune, Théo et Vincent Pinet, Suzanne Arsenault, Jean Bédard, Kris Oravec, David Morin, Louise Corriveau, Martine Savard, Kathleen Lauzière, Anne Robitaille, John Percival, Ghislaine Rodriguez (ma logeuse préférée) et la famille De Santa Barbara, et mes collègues de la Cafetière et du Brunch avec lesquels le rituel de l'apéro prend tout son sens. Je remercie également Aïcha Achab et tout le personnel du CGQ, ainsi que les étudiants de l'INRS-Géoressources et de l'Université de Niee-Sophia Antipolis. Je suis reconnaissant envers mes professeurs de géologie du passé: Claude Cinq Mars, Louis Bisson et Micheal Lyons du Collège Édouard-Montpetit; Marc Bardoux, James Boume, Normand Goulet et Robert Marquis de l'UQAM; Raymond Priee, Herb Helmstaedt et Dugald Carmichael de Queen's University.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Žemynų Geografijos Pratybos
    LIETUVOS EDUKOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS GAMTOS MOKSLŲ FAKULTETAS BENDROSIOS GEOGRAFIJOS KATEDRA Virginijus Gerulaitis Žemynų geografijos pratybos Vilnius, 2013 - - Apsvarstyta ir rekomenduota spausdinti Lietuvos edukologi jos universiteto Gamtos mokslų fakulteto Bendrosios geogra fijos katedros posėdyje 2012 m. lapkričio 6 d. (protokolo Nr. 4) ir Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto Gamtos mokslų fakulteto tarybos posėdyje 2012 m. gruodžio 9 d. (protokolo Nr. 9). Recenzavo: doc. Mykolas Mikalajūnas (Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto Bendrosios geografijos katedra), dr. Regina Morkūnaitė (Geologijos ir geografijos institutas) © Virginijus Gerulaitis, 2013 © Leidykla „Edukologija“, 2013 ISSN 2335-240X ISBN 978-9955-20-816-7 Turinys Pratarmė 5 Europa 8 Azija 25 Šiaurės Amerika 49 Pietų Amerika 74 Afrika 99 Australija ir Okeanija 112 Antarktida 130 Literatūra 139 Žodynėlis 141 Priedai 154 Žemynų GEOGRAFIJOS PRATYBOS 3 Pratarmė - Žemynų geografija yra regioninės geografijos mokslo šaka, visapusiai tyrinėjanti žemynų gamtinius teritorinius komplek sus, jų kilmę, evoliuciją ir paplitimo dėsningumus. Jos teorinį pagrindą sudaro geografinės sferos teritorinė diferenciacija. - Žemynų gamtos sąlygų apžvalga pagrįsta geografinės sferos - komponentų tarpusavio sąveikos analize. Geografijos mokyto - jų rengimo programoje numatytam „Žemynų geografijos“ kur sui skiriami 7 kreditai, arba 280 valandų. Jis dėstomas ketvir - tame ir penktame semestruose. Nuolatinių studijų programos trečiame semestre 64 valandos skiriamos paskaitoms, 32 va landos – praktiniams darbams ir 64 valandos – savarankiškam darbui. Ištęstinių studijų programos paskaitoms skiriamos 24 valandos, praktiniams darbams – 16 valandų, o 120 valandų numatoma savarankiškam darbui. Ketvirtame semestre šios disciplinos studijoms skiriami trys kreditai: nuolatinių studijų programos 48 valandos skiriamos paskaitoms, 24 valandos – praktiniams darbams ir 48 valandos – savarankiškam darbui. Ištęstinių studijų programos paskaitoms skiriama 18 valandų, praktiniams darbams – 12 valandų ir 90 valandų numatoma savarankiškam darbui.
    [Show full text]
  • APPALACHIAN WORKSHOP Lkmf
    G-o9Q eA-w- JQA—vii: Gioj"- kj tzb 4s• IØ So APPALACHIAN WORKSHOP lKMF JNtSTY OF Vth1Oft1T LTOft VT I2;LoXPiItti ir QUEBEC VEROT APPALACHIAN WORKS+OP Apr11 14 - 16, 1989 Kalkin Hall, University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont Co-Sponsored by: The Department of Geology Visiting Lecture Series The Canadian Studies Program The Graduate College, University of Vermont EDITORS Maurice Coipron and Barr,' Doolan Department of Geology • University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont Cover: Perspective block diagram of the Québec- Vermont Orogen (from Dóolan, 1989; see Doolan, this volume). Additional copies are available upon request from: Vermont Geological Society, Inc. P.O. Box 304 twfontpelier, Vermont 05602 PROGRAM AND CONTENTS SATURDA V. APRIL 15, 1989 8:00 - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS I. EVOLUTION OF THE ANCIENT NORTH AMERICAN MARGIN IN THE QUEBEC REENTRANT ............................................................................. 1 Chairperson: Charles A. Ratté 8:15 - Stephen Kumarapeli* and Hillar Pintson: Geochronologic constraints on the timing of rifting and continental breakup at the Sutton Mountains triple junction...........3 8:40 - William M. Dowling: Paleogeographic analysis of the preshelf facies in the Oak Hill and Camels Hump Groups: constraints on syn-rift and post-break-up subsidence in theQuébecreentrant ...........................................................................................................5 9:05 - Charlotte Mehrtens: The Cambrian platform and platform margin in northwestern Vermont..............................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • OROGRAPHY 9 and Covered with a Coating of Clay Which Smoothed Over Its Inequalities and Concealed Most of the Underlying Rocks
    OROGRAPHY 9 and covered with a coating of clay which smoothed over its inequalities and concealed most of the underlying rocks. Since its emergence the surface has been but slightly altered by drainage channels cut across it. Orographical maps of Eastern and Western Canada, showing elevations above sea-level, will be found on pages 8 and 10 of this1 volume. Canadian Shield.—The portion of the Precambrian continent whose exposed surface still forms a large part of Canada has an area of about two and a half million square miles. Its northern border crosses the Arctic archipelago and the eastern lies beyond Baffin island and Labrador and reaches the depressed area occupied by the St. Lawrence river, a short spur or point crossing this valley at the outlet of lake Ontario to join the Adirondack mountains in New York. The southern boundary runs from the spur west to Georgian bay, skirts the north shore of lake Huron and sweeps almost around the ancient depressed area occupied by lake Superior. The western edge, from the lake of the Woods and lake Winnipeg, bears northwest to the western end of lake Athabaska, and passes through the basins occupied by Great Slave and Great Bear lakes, reaching the Arctic ocean east of the Mackenzie River delta. In detail, the surface features of the Canadian Shield are irregular; but, viewed broadly, it has the conforma­ tion of a great plain, depressed toward the centre and in the north, and slightly elevated along the eastern and southern borders, where it presents a rather steep outward slope.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology-Of-The-Appalachian
    2 3 GEOLOGY OF THE APPALACHIAN-CALEDONIAN OROGEN IN CANADA AND GREENLAND Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 6 Edited by Harold Williams, 1995 Chapter 1 – Introduction (by Harold Williams) PREAMBLE AND DEFINITION The Canadian Appalachian region includes the provinces of insular Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and the southern part of Quebec along the south side of the St. Lawrence River (Fig. 1.1). It has an area of approximately 500000 km2 and it is widest (600 km) at the Canada-United States International Boundary in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. A larger unexposed area of Appalachian rocks and structures extends across the Gulf of St. Lawrence and seaward to the Atlantic continental edge. Because of its coastal setting and insular makeup, the region offers tremendous shoreline exposures along marine passages. The Appalachian region is a Paleozoic geological mountain belt or orogen. This means that its rocks have been affected by orogeny, the combined effects of folding, faulting, metamorphism, and plutonism. Paleozoic folds and faults of several generations trend northeastward. Regional metamorphic rocks occupy continuous belts in interior parts of the orogen, and granitic batholiths are common throughout its length (Maps 1 and 2). 4 5 The word "Appalachian" was first used in a geographic context for the morphological mountains in the southeast United States. It has displaced the word "Acadian" formerly applied to this region of eastern Canada. In the present context, the word "Appalachian" is used for the geological mountain belt without regard for its morphological expression. Like the Cordilleran and Innuitian orogens, the Appalachian Orogen occupies a position peripheral to the stable interior craton of North America (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography Shamrock Quiz Bowl Camp 2017 Studying Geography
    Geography Shamrock Quiz Bowl Camp 2017 Studying Geography Why study Geography? How to study Geography ● Very accessible ● Cover certain areas and similar features ● Ties into other subject areas instead of trying to learn everything at (especially history) once ● Look at maps and atlases to get an ● Questions appear in almost understanding of where things are every packet ● Learn “why” certain things are located Useful resources (to get started) where they are, and what significance ● Wikipedia/Encyclopedia they have Britannica ● Use supplementary info to enhance your ● Quizlet knowledge (pictures, videos, travel, etc.) ● Quinterest ● Try to avoid rote memorization, but do ● Atlas Obscura make an effort to remember what you ● US Geography Olympiad study (flashcards are effective) Costa Rica Costa Rica ● Central American country bordered by Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the southeast ○ its capital is San José; the port of Limón on the Atlantic is its second-largest city ● its natives are often known as ticos, and they use the phrase “Pura vida” in many situations ● Cerro Chirripó is its highest point, while Irazú is the highest volcano in the country ● thousands of plant and animal species live in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, which is shared by its provinces of Puntarenas and Alajuela ○ the golden toad used to live until the species disappeared in 1989 ● the Osa Peninsula is separated from the mainland by the Golfo Dulce ● its city of Liberia, the capital of the Guanacaste province, is a major center for its tourism industry
    [Show full text]
  • Early Paleozoic Orogenesis in the Maine-Quebec Appalachians Christopher Charles Gerbi
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 2005 Early Paleozoic Orogenesis in the Maine-Quebec Appalachians Christopher Charles Gerbi Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Tectonics and Structure Commons Recommended Citation Gerbi, Christopher Charles, "Early Paleozoic Orogenesis in the Maine-Quebec Appalachians" (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 112. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/112 This Open-Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. EARLY PALEOZOIC OROGENESIS IN THE MAINE-QUEBEC APPALACHIANS BY Christopher Charles Gerbi A.B. Amherst College, 1996 M.S. University of California, Davis, 1999 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Earth Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine May, 2005 Advisory Committee: Scott E. Johnson, Associate Professor of Earth Sciences, Advisor Charles V. Guidotti, Professor of Earth Sciences Peter 0. Koons, Associate Professor of Earth Sciences Cees R. van Staal, Research Scientist, Natural Resources Canada Martin G. Yates, Associate Scientist of Earth Sciences EARLY PALEOZOIC OROGENESIS IN THE MAINE-QUEBEC APPALACHIANS By Christopher Charles Gerbi Thesis Advisor: Dr. Scott E. Johnson An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Earth Sciences) May, 2005 Accretionary orogens, such as the Appalachian orogen, form by episodic docking of oceanic and continental fragments. Two factors that exert significant control on the development of an accretionary orogen are: (1) the nature and source of the accreting fragments, and (2) the thermal and deformational structure of the crust.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature Lover Magazine
    The Nature Lover Magazine Contest: Canada’s Mountains blog: photography Short Story: Ferdinand’s Adventure Poetry: Haiku: The Apple Tree - 0 - Cabot Trail review — pg. 3 Blog: Canada’s Mountains — pg. 5 Autumn (poem) — pg. 9 The River (poem) — pg. 10 Ferdinand’s Adventure (short story)—pg. 12 Dear Deer — pg. 18 “Dear Pamela Hickman” letter — pg. 19 “Ask Suesanne” column: Fungi — pg. 21 Chickadees & An Apple Tree (poetry)—pg.22 A Wet Picnic Spot — pg. 23 - 1 - Emily Jacqueline Nyenhuis o Wrote and published “The Nature Lover’s Magazine” o By courtesy of The Cover Story English Curriculum o More about The Author on last page Trees Word Search: P M T A S P E N K B O A S H C U S R C E P P A C Q E T I O E L L N R N C U E L C A E M I O U P S M H R M P B P I B B E S S T H C K K A O H I Z S P R U C E D Y X Pine Maple Hemlock Oak Spruce Birch Aspen Beech Poplar Ash - 2 - Have you ever seen a postcard behind you, but on the Cabot Trail you’ll see featuring the striking views of the Cape the road disappear behind the rural Breton’s Cabot Trail? But have you actually mountains. You’ll be sure to see lots of signs seen it, drove it, or walked beside the with arrows that urge you around the next stunning mountains and powerful ocean bend to witness one of the best sights in with the windswept grass on the cliff below Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Synopsis of the Geology of Canada
    SECTION IV., 1900 [ 187 ] TRANS. R. S. C. IX.-Synopsis of the Geology of Canada. (Being a Summary of the principal terms employed in Canadian Geological Nomenclature.) By HENRY M. AMI, M.A., D.Sc., F.G.S. (Read May 29, 1900.) INTRODUCTION. In describing the various geological formations which compose the earth's crust in the Dominion of Canada it is the purpose of the writer to acJJd such notes ,on the geological structure of other portions of British North America (which portions we hope will <SDOner or later form part of our great Dominion) as will show the relahon which exists between them and its present divisions. For the sake of convenience, and to a great extent depending upon its physiographical as well as geological characte;s, British North Amer­ ica will be divided into five sections or regions, and the descriptions given of the various geological formations will proceed, as nearly as possible, from the east in a westerly direction as follows :- I.-The Acadian Region, comprising the Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, also N ewroundland and Gaspe peninsula, together with that portion of the province of Que­ bec south-east of the great Champlain-Appalachian fault or disloca­ tion which runs in the Gulf and River as well as along the south shore of th3 St. Lawrence through Quebec city, and west, to St. Nicholas, then to the north-east corner of Lake Champlain, and proceeding in a southerly direction through the New England States, as far south as Alabama.
    [Show full text]
  • Okography 9 the St. Lawrence River, a Short Spur Or Point Crossing This Valley at the Outlet of Lake Ontario to Join the Adirond
    OkOGRAPHY 9 the St. Lawrence river, a short spur or point crossing this valley at the outlet of lake Ontario to join the Adirondack mountains in New York. The southern boundary runs from this spur west to Georgian bay, skirts the north shore of lake Huron and sweeps almost around the ancient depressed area occupied by lake Superior. The western edge, from the lake of the Woods and lake Winnipeg, bears northwest to the western end of lake Athabaska, and passes through the basins occupied by Great Slave and Great Bear lakes, reaching the Arctic ocean east of the Mackenzie River delta. In detail, the surface features of the Canadian Shield are irregular, but, viewed broadly, .it has the conformation of a great plain, depressed toward the centre and in the north and slightly elevated along the eastern and southern borders where it presents a rather steep outward slope. The general elevation in the eastern portion is under 2,000 feet and over the larger part of the plain is about 1,000 feet. The highest portion is along the northeastern margin, where it presents a steep face to the sea, rising to a maximum altitude of about 5,500 feet. Appalachian Region.—The continuation of the Green mountains of Vermont into Canada may be traced in the Notre Dame mountains, which approach the St. Lawrence northeast of Quebec and, continuing with more easterly trend, form the highland of the Gaspe" peninsula. Over a large part of the region, these hills hardly attain the dignity of mountains, but peaks rising more than 3,500 feet above the nearby coast are found in the Gaspe peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Annotated Bibliography of Asbestos Resources in the United States and Canada
    Selected Annotated Bibliography of Asbestos Resources in the United States and Canada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1019-L Selected Annotated Bibliography of Asbestos Resources in the United States and Canada By RUTH BUTLER AVERY, MARY LOU CONANT, and HELEN F. WEISSENBORN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MINERAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1019-L Contains references on the geology,­ mineralogy, and origin of asbestos resources UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1958 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printlnl\ Office Washinaton 25, D. C. -. Price 25 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract---------------------------------------------------------- 817 Introduction------------------------------------------------------ 817 Explanation of the annotated bibliography____________________________ 819 Annotated bibliography____________________________________________ 821 IndeX------------------------------------------------------------ 859 m CONTRIBUTIONS TO ·BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MINERAL RESOURCES SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF. ASBESTOS RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA By RUTH BuTLER AvERY, MARY Lou CoNANT, and HELEN F. WEISSENBORN ABSTRACT This bibliography of 198 annotated references to asbestos resources in the United States and Canada lists publications that appeared before January 1956. The alphabetically arranged annotations emphasize the geology, miner­ alogy, and origin of asbestos resources. The entries in the bibliography are cross indexed by geographic areas, geologic and mineralogic terms, and other topics of interest for research, mining, and prospecting. INTRODUCTION Asbestos has been recorded in literature from the days of the Romans, but it was not mined and used in large quantities until the deposits in Canada, near Thetford, Quebec, were opened in 1878. The first asbestos mined in quantity in the United States was from Georgia, as early as 1894.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochronological Constraints on the Timing of Deformation: an Examination of the Prospect Rock Fault Footwall in North-Central V
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2018 Geochronological Constraints On The iminT g Of Deformation: An Examination Of The rP ospect Rock Fault Footwall In North-Central Vermont Evan Tam University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Tam, Evan, "Geochronological Constraints On The iminT g Of Deformation: An Examination Of The rP ospect Rock Fault Footwall In North-Central Vermont" (2018). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 940. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/940 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING OF DEFORMATION: AN EXAMINATION OF THE PROSPECT ROCK FAULT FOOTWALL IN NORTH- CENTRAL VERMONT A Thesis Presented by Evan Tam to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Geology October, 2018 Defense Date: June 14, 2018 Thesis Examination Committee: Laura E. Webb, Ph.D., Advisor Ehsan Ghazanfari, Ph.D., Chairperson Keith A. Klepeis, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT The Prospect Rock Fault (PRF) is key to our understanding of the regional tectonic evolution of Vermont during the Taconic, Salinic, and Acadian Orogenies, and may have played an important role in the exhumation of blueschist and eclogite-facies rocks in the Tillotson Peak Complex (TPC) during the Taconic Orogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • State Geologist
    36 REPORT OF THE VERMONT STATE GEOLOGIST Brick Clays REPORT As pointed out by the writer,' there are in the State tremendous amounts of glacially-transported clays, classifiable as Estuarine OF THE Clays, Lake and Pond Clays, Flood-plain and Terrace Clays, Drift or Boulder Clays, and Seasonal or Varve Clays. Their abundance and wide distribution are indicated by the number of brick dwell- ings in the country, oftentimes in out-of-the-way places, as well as STATE GEOLOGIST in urban centers. The largest known deposits are found along the Connecticut ON THE River and other streams, but deposits also occur along the lake shores and in former natural depressions which were filled with the clay sediments by streams flowing from the retreating ice sheet. MINERAL INDUSTRIES AND GEOLOGY ljrick Yards OF Considerable brick yards have been in operation in the past at East Ryegate, Westminster, Putney, and Bennington but, as far as the writer is informed, none of these plants is at present in VERMONT operation. 1935-1936 THE DRURY BRICK AND TILE COMPANY, INCORPORATED Office, Essex Junction. Officers: President, H. D. Drury; vice-president, H. K. Drury; treas- urer, M. W. Drury. Quarries and kilns at Essex Junction. Products: Sand-struck and water-struck bricks. I Capacity, six million sand-struck and one and one-half million water- struck bricks annually. An analysis of the clay, made some years ago by the writer, TWENTIETH OF THIS SERIES gave the following results: SiO2...............................................53.69 A1203..............................................21.24 Fe203..............................................8.65 I Ti02................................................41 MnO................................................02 CaO................................................2.84 MgO...............................................1.03 Na2O..............................................1.78 K20................................................3.94 H20...............................................5.36 ELBRIDGE C.
    [Show full text]