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Université du Québec TINŒtS-CJéoressources et Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis Faculté des Sciences - UMR Géosciences Azur COTUTELLE DE THÈSE ÉVOLUTION TECTONIQUE ET GÉOCHRONOLOGIE 4°ArP9 Ar DE LA ZONE . DE HUMBER INTERNE, APPALACHES DU SUD DU QUÉBEC *** TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND 4°ArP9 Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE INTERNAL HUMBER ZONE, SOUTHERN QUEBEC APPALACHIANS Par SÉBASTIEN CASTONGUAY, M.Sc. Thèse présentée pour l'obtention du grade conjoint de Philosophiae doctor (ph.D.) en sciences de la terre et Docteur en Sciences (sciences de la terre) Jury d'évaluation Examinateur externe Jacques Malavieille Laboratoire de Géophysique et Tectonique, Université Montpellier II 34095 Cedex 05 Montpellier France Examinateur externe L. Peter Gromet Dept. Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 U.S.A. Président du jury et Michel Malo Examinateur interne Centre Géoscientifique de Québec, INRS­ Géoressources, Sainte-Foy, QC. GlV 4C7 Canada Directeur de recherche Alain Tremblay Centre Géoscientifique de Québec, INRS­ Géoressources, Sainte-Foy, QC. GIV 4C7 Canada Directeur de recherche Gilbert Féraud UMR Géosciences Azur, CNRS-Université de Nice­ Sophia Antipolis 06108 Cedex 02 Nice France Thèse soutenue le 10 décembre 1999 à Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada. © droits réservés de Sébastien Castonguay, 2000 iii Résumé L'évolution tectonique de la partie interne et métamorphique de la marge laurentienne (zone de Humber) des Appalaches du sud du Québec résulte de la superposition de plusieurs épisodes de déformation et de métamorphisme qui s'étendent de l'Ordovicien moyen jusqu'au Dévonien moyen. Les orogénies taconienne (Ordovicien moyen à tardif) et acadienne (Dévonien moyen à tardif) sont séparées par une activité tectonique silurienne qui était jusqu'à maintenant inconnue. Les structures ordoviciennes et siluriennes dominent au sein de la zone de Humber et représentent des événements tectono-métamorphiques importants dans sa partie interne. Les structures acadiennes sont présentes, mais moins pénétratives. La phase taconienne D\.2 est responsable de la mIse en place de nappes de chevauchement vers l'avant-pays (nord-ouest) dans la zone de Humber externe et de failles syn-métamorphiques dans la zone interne. Le métamorphisme régional M\_2 est du faciès des schistes verts, mais atteint localement celui des amphibolites. Les données 9 géochronologiques 40 ArP Ar sur muscovites et amphiboles datent le pic métamorphique associé à cette phase à 462±3 Ma. La phase silurienne/dévonienne précoce D3 est caractérisée par des structures à vergence sud-est (arrière-pays) accompagnées par un rétrométamorphisme affectant la paragenèse métamorphique antérieure. Cette tectonique est séparée en structures rétrochevauchantes, longeant la faille Bennett, et en extension le long de la faille St­ Joseph. Ces dernières délimitent respectivement les flancs nord-ouest et sud-est de l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame. Des analyses 4°Arp9 Ar sur muscovites, biotites et amphiboles précisent l'âge de cet événement entre 431 et 411 Ma. Les âges SilurienlDévonien précoce proviennent du mur de la faille St-Joseph et semblent enregistrer la progression (du nord-ouest vers le sud-est) d'une phase de déformation développée de façon hétérogène au sein l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame. Par opposition, les données ordoviciennes proviennent presque exclusivement de roches IV équivalentes à l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame, mais situées dans le toit de la faille St-Joseph, ce qui suggère que celle-ci ait joué un rôle important dans l'histoire tectonique des Appalaches du sud du Québec. Deux modèles portant sur la tectonique siluro-dévonienne sont confrontés. Le premier implique une phase de rétro chevauchement et d'extension syn- à post-compressive en réponse à la création et la propagation d'un poinçon tectonique de socle grenvillien sous l'anticlinorium des monts Notre-Dame. Le deuxième modèle préconise plutôt l'effondrement orogénique post-taconien et l'exhumation tectonique de la zone de Humber interne. Ce dernier modèle évoque certaines caractéristiques, mais surtout la géométrie d'un metamorphic core camp/ex. De plus, la présence et la caractérisation géochronologique de structures en extension procurent un contexte tectonique cohérent avec la création et l'établissement des bassins successeurs siluro-dévoniens de la ceinture de Gaspé. ~~ c::4D /%OY Étudiant V Directeurs de recherche v Abstract The tectonic evolution of the internaI metamorphosed part of the Laurentian margin (Humber zone) in the southern Quebec Appalachians is the result of the superposition of several deformational and metamorphic events that span from the Middle Ordovician to the Middle Devonian. The Taconian (Middle to Late Ordovician) and Acadian (Middle to Late Devonian) orogenic events are separated by a period of Silurian tectonic activity, which was not previously documented. The Ordovician and Silurian structures dominate within the Humber zone and represents important tectonometamorphic events within the internaI zone. Acadian structures are present, but less penetrative. The D I_2 Taconian phase is responsible for foreland-directed nappe emplacement in the external Humber zone and syn-metamorphic faults in the internaI zone. The M I_2 regional metamorphism is of greenschist facies, but locally reaches the amphibolite 9 facies. Geochronological 40 ArP Ar data on muscovites and amphiboles date the metamorphic peak: at 462±3 Ma. The D3 Silurian/early Devonian phase is characterized by hinterland-directed structures accompanied by retro grade metamorphism and recrystallization of the pre­ existing metamorphic paragenesis. The associated tectonic features are separated into backthrusting structures along the Bennett fault and extensional structures along the St­ Joseph fault. These latter faults respectively mark the northwestern and southeastern limbs of the Notre-Dame mountains antic1inorium. 4°Arp9 Ar analyses on muscovites, biotites and amphiboles define the age of the D3 event between 431 and 41-1 Ma. Silurian/early Devonian data come from the footwall of the St-Joseph fault, and appear to record the southeastward progression of the deformation within the Notre-Dame mountains antic1inorium. In contrast, Middle Ordovician age data are exc1usively provided by rocks correlative to those of the Notre-Dame mountains antic1inorium, but VI within the St-Joseph fault footwall, which suggests that this fault has played an important role in the tectonic evolution of the southern Quebec Appalachians. Two models for the SilurianlDevonian tectonic evolution are being confronted. The first implicates a phase of backthrusting and syn- to post-compressive extension in response to the creation and propagation of a Grenvillian basement tectonic wedge located underneath the Notre-Darne mountains anticlinorium. The second model rather advocates for the post-Taconian orogenic collapse and tectonic exhumation of the internaI Humber zone. The latter model is evocative of sorne the characteristics and the geometry of a metarnorphic core complex. In addition the presence and geochronological characterization of extensional structures provides a tectonic frarnework consistent with the creation and establishment of the Siluro-Devonian successor basins within the Gaspé Belt. Vll Avant-propos Cette thèse de doctorat a été entreprise dans le cadre de la convention sur les cotutelles de thèse entre la Conférence des recteurs et des principaux des universités du Québec (CREPUQ) d'une part, et la Conférence des présidents d'universités françaises (CPU) et la Conférence des directeurs d'écoles et de formations d'ingénieurs de France d'autre part, dans ce cas, entre l'Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France) et l'INRS­ Géoressources (Québec). La direction de la thèse est exercée conjointement par le Dr Alain Tremblay (INRS) et le Dr Gilbert Féraud (UMR Géosciences Azur CNRS­ Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis). L'entente de cotutelle prévoit une soutenance unique et une diplomation conjointe des deux établissements. À Francine, Jean et Alexandra x Remerciements Je tiens à remercier mes collègues et amis Alain Tremblay, Gilles Ruffet, Gilbert Féraud, Nicolas Pinet et Marc Sosson pour leur appui et leur regard critique durant toutes les étapes de cette étude. Je remercie également les membres du jury, Jacques Malavieille, Peter Gromet et Michel Malo pour leurs commentaires et suggestions qui ont contribué à l'amélioration de cet ouvrage. Je remercie du fond du cœur ma famille pour leur amour inconditionnel et leur soutien moral. Cette thèse leur est dédiée. J'aimerais de plus remercier tous ceux qui m'ont soutenu et encouragé au cours de mes études, Lissa et la famille Morotti (grazie ... ), Laurent Godin, Brigitte Lafortune, Théo et Vincent Pinet, Suzanne Arsenault, Jean Bédard, Kris Oravec, David Morin, Louise Corriveau, Martine Savard, Kathleen Lauzière, Anne Robitaille, John Percival, Ghislaine Rodriguez (ma logeuse préférée) et la famille De Santa Barbara, et mes collègues de la Cafetière et du Brunch avec lesquels le rituel de l'apéro prend tout son sens. Je remercie également Aïcha Achab et tout le personnel du CGQ, ainsi que les étudiants de l'INRS-Géoressources et de l'Université de Niee-Sophia Antipolis. Je suis reconnaissant envers mes professeurs de géologie du passé: Claude Cinq Mars, Louis Bisson et Micheal Lyons du Collège Édouard-Montpetit; Marc Bardoux, James Boume, Normand Goulet et Robert Marquis de l'UQAM; Raymond Priee, Herb Helmstaedt et Dugald Carmichael de Queen's University.
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    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2018 Geochronological Constraints On The iminT g Of Deformation: An Examination Of The rP ospect Rock Fault Footwall In North-Central Vermont Evan Tam University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Tam, Evan, "Geochronological Constraints On The iminT g Of Deformation: An Examination Of The rP ospect Rock Fault Footwall In North-Central Vermont" (2018). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 940. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/940 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING OF DEFORMATION: AN EXAMINATION OF THE PROSPECT ROCK FAULT FOOTWALL IN NORTH- CENTRAL VERMONT A Thesis Presented by Evan Tam to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Geology October, 2018 Defense Date: June 14, 2018 Thesis Examination Committee: Laura E. Webb, Ph.D., Advisor Ehsan Ghazanfari, Ph.D., Chairperson Keith A. Klepeis, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT The Prospect Rock Fault (PRF) is key to our understanding of the regional tectonic evolution of Vermont during the Taconic, Salinic, and Acadian Orogenies, and may have played an important role in the exhumation of blueschist and eclogite-facies rocks in the Tillotson Peak Complex (TPC) during the Taconic Orogeny.

  • State Geologist

    36 REPORT OF THE VERMONT STATE GEOLOGIST Brick Clays REPORT As pointed out by the writer,' there are in the State tremendous amounts of glacially-transported clays, classifiable as Estuarine OF THE Clays, Lake and Pond Clays, Flood-plain and Terrace Clays, Drift or Boulder Clays, and Seasonal or Varve Clays. Their abundance and wide distribution are indicated by the number of brick dwell- ings in the country, oftentimes in out-of-the-way places, as well as STATE GEOLOGIST in urban centers. The largest known deposits are found along the Connecticut ON THE River and other streams, but deposits also occur along the lake shores and in former natural depressions which were filled with the clay sediments by streams flowing from the retreating ice sheet. MINERAL INDUSTRIES AND GEOLOGY ljrick Yards OF Considerable brick yards have been in operation in the past at East Ryegate, Westminster, Putney, and Bennington but, as far as the writer is informed, none of these plants is at present in VERMONT operation. 1935-1936 THE DRURY BRICK AND TILE COMPANY, INCORPORATED Office, Essex Junction. Officers: President, H. D. Drury; vice-president, H. K. Drury; treas- urer, M. W. Drury. Quarries and kilns at Essex Junction. Products: Sand-struck and water-struck bricks. I Capacity, six million sand-struck and one and one-half million water- struck bricks annually. An analysis of the clay, made some years ago by the writer, TWENTIETH OF THIS SERIES gave the following results: SiO2...............................................53.69 A1203..............................................21.24 Fe203..............................................8.65 I Ti02................................................41 MnO................................................02 CaO................................................2.84 MgO...............................................1.03 Na2O..............................................1.78 K20................................................3.94 H20...............................................5.36 ELBRIDGE C.