DOCSLIB.ORG

APPALACHIAN WORKSHOP Lkmf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

G-o9Q eA-w- JQA—vii: Gioj"- kj tzb 4s• IØ So APPALACHIAN WORKSHOP lKMF JNtSTY OF Vth1Oft1T LTOft VT I2;LoXPiItti ir QUEBEC VEROT APPALACHIAN WORKS+OP Apr11 14 - 16, 1989 Kalkin Hall, University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont Co-Sponsored by: The Department of Geology Visiting Lecture Series The Canadian Studies Program The Graduate College, University of Vermont EDITORS Maurice Coipron and Barr,' Doolan Department of Geology • University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont Cover: Perspective block diagram of the Québec- Vermont Orogen (from Dóolan, 1989; see Doolan, this volume). Additional copies are available upon request from: Vermont Geological Society, Inc. P.O. Box 304 twfontpelier, Vermont 05602 PROGRAM AND CONTENTS SATURDA V. APRIL 15, 1989 8:00 - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS I. EVOLUTION OF THE ANCIENT NORTH AMERICAN MARGIN IN THE QUEBEC REENTRANT ............................................................................. 1 Chairperson: Charles A. Ratté 8:15 - Stephen Kumarapeli* and Hillar Pintson: Geochronologic constraints on the timing of rifting and continental breakup at the Sutton Mountains triple junction...........3 8:40 - William M. Dowling: Paleogeographic analysis of the preshelf facies in the Oak Hill and Camels Hump Groups: constraints on syn-rift and post-break-up subsidence in theQuébecreentrant ...........................................................................................................5 9:05 - Charlotte Mehrtens: The Cambrian platform and platform margin in northwestern Vermont..............................................................................................................................8 930 - DISCUSSION AND COFFEE Poster: - Steven A. Chisick and Paul A. Washington: Evolution of the Cambro-Ordovician shelf in the Champlain Valley: interaction of an evolving carbonate bank with tectonic subsidence and sea-level oscillations............................................................................... 11 II. TERRANES OUTBOARD OF THE ANCIENT NORTH AMERICAN MARGIN.. ........................ 13 Chairperson: Norman L. Hatch, Jr. 10:00 - Alain Tremblay: The oceanic domain from Eastern Townships Appalachians, Québec: Taconian versus Acadian tectonics....................................................................................15 10:25 - Pierre A. Cousineau: Evolution and collage of the Saint-Daniel Mélange in the Dunnage zone of the Québec Appalachians...............................................................19 10:50 - David Roy: Ordovician and Silurian basin evolution and tectonics along the Baie Verte - Brompton Line in northwestern Maine ............................................................................ 22 11:15 - Peter Robinson*, R.D. Tucker, and K.T. Hollocher: The nature of the Bronson Hill Zone during the Taconian orogeny ............................................................................26 11:40 - DISCUSSION iv Posters: - Norman L. Hatch, Jr.: Recent developments in the Connecticut Valley trough, Vermont................................................................................................................ 29 - Sonia Tanguay*, Rejean Hébert, et Mario Bergeron: Géochimie des cumulats ultramafiques du Complexe ophiolitique de Thetford Mines, Québec: modèle magmatique de Ia distribution des platinoIdes .................................................................. 32 Ill. DESTRUCTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN I: EVOLUTION OF THE QUEBEC/NORTHERN VERMONT OROGEN ......................................35 Chairperson: Philip H. Osberg 13:30 - Robert Marquis: The Sutton Mountains anticlinorium: its relations with adjacentunits....................................................................................................................37 13:55 - Maurice Colpron: Taconian structures from the hinterland of the Eastern Townships of Québec: the result of continental (A-type) subduction " ..........................41 14:20 - Barry Doolan: Hinterland tectonics of the Vermont-Québec Appalachian orogen...........46 14:45 - DISCUSSION AND COFFEE Poster: / - Marc Bardoux* and Robert Marquis: L 2001: a new interpretation of northwesterly-dipping reflectors above the basement-cored S utton- Notre- Dame anticlinorium near Thetford Mines, Québec ..................................................................... 50 IV. DESTRUCTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN II: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE VERMONT APPALACHIANS.............................................53 Chairperson: Nicholas M. Ratcllife 15:05 - Nicholas M. Ratcliffe: Comparative tectonics of basement massifs in the northern Appalachians with special reference to the Green Mountain massif of Vermont............................................................................................................................. 55 15:30 - William C. Burton: Shared deformational fabrics in basement and cover along the west flank of the southern Green Mountains, Vermont.....................................57 15.55 - M.idii J. Warin: Tectonic evoiutioti of the southern Lincoln massif and rift- clastic cover sequence, central Vermont..........................................................................58 16:20 - Thomas R. Armstrong: The Vermont pre-Silurian cover sequence: regional tectonostratigraphic relationships based on detailed structural and lithologicalanalysis.......................................................................................................... 63 16:45 - Rolfe S. Stanley*, R.A. Coish, and Jo Laird: Aspects of the Taconian orogen incentral Vermont............................................................................................................67 17:10 - DISCUSSION V Posters: - Paul A. Washington: Structural development of the central Champlain Valley: lithotectonic controls imposed by a complex shelf margin.................................. 69 - Peter J. Thompson* and Thelma B. Thompson: Geology of the Winooski River transect, north central Vermont ..................................................................................... 70 - Gregory Walsh and Christine Kimball: Ge6chemistry of the metabasic rocks from the pre-Silurian rift-clastic sequence of central Vermont ................................... 74 19:30 - POSTER SESSION AND SOCIAL GATHERING. SUNDAY, APRIL 16, 1989 V. GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE VERMONT-QUÉBEC OROGEN ...............77 Chairperson: R.A. Coish 9:00 - Denys Vermette*, Réjean Hébert, V. Olive, M. Loubet, et Mario Bergeron: La creation de l'océan lapétus; du rift continental a Ia formation du bassin ocOanique: contraintes pétrologiques et géochimiques ......................................................................79 9:25 - R.A. Coish: The significance of geochemical trends in Vermont greenstones.................... 82 9:50 - Roger Laurent, J. Dostal, and Réjean Hébert*: Geochemistry of Ordovician island-arc and ocean-floor rock assemblages from the Québec ophiolites, CanadianAppalachians ..................................................................................................... 85 10:15 - Jo Laird*, John F. Sutter, Michael J. Kunk, and Wallace A. Bothner: Interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar amphibole age spectra, Vermont: easier said than done.....87 10:40 - DISCUSSION 11:10- CONCLUDING REMARK REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 91 ,1 EVOLUTION OF THE ANCIENT NORTH AMERICAN MARGIN IN THE QUEBEC REENTRANT Chairperson: Charles A. Ratté GEOCHRONOLOGIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING OF RIFTING AND CONTINENTAL BREAKUP AT THE SUTTON MOUNTAINS TRIPLE JUNCTION Stephen Kumarapeli Department of Geology, Concordia University Montréal, Québec 1­1413 1 R6 and Hillar Pintson Département de Géologie, UniversitO de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succ. "An, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 The geological evolution of a segment of the Appalachian orogen in southeastern Québec and northern Vermont has been influenced by an lapetan RRR triple junction - the Sutton Mountains triple junction - and its vestiges (Kumarapeli, 1985). The prominent bend of the orogen, commonly referred to as the Sutton Mountains salient or the Québec reentrant, is the most striking feature inherited from the triple junction. The biostratigraphic and geochronologic evidence from the general region does not provide tight time constraints on the problems of rift initiation and rift-drift transition. No fossils have yet been discovered from the lower part of the Oak Hill Group (or its equivalent in Vermont, the Camels Hump Group) which appears to be made up of synrift sedimentary and volcanic assemblages. However, the Gilman and Dunham Formations, probable syn- and/or post-breakup deposits higher up in the Oak Hill sequence (see Dowling and others, 1987) contain fragments of Early Cambrian brachiopods and trilobites (Clark, 1936). Thus, the synrift part of the Oak Hill Group (and hence the initiation of rifling) was considered to have been formed in the Early Cambrian or earlier in the latest Proterozoic. An important geochronologic constraint on the problems is provided by the 565 Ma ages of alkalic- carbonatitic complexes (Gittins and others, 1967) emplaced at the distal end of the Ottawa graben which is the failed arm of the Sutton Mountains triple junction. A similar age of 573±32 Ma (K-Ar whole- rock) has been obtained from a group of small outliers (in Grenvillian rocks) of trachyandesitic lava flows, also of probable synrift origin, located close to the northern boundary of the Ottawa graben in Buckingham
Recommended publications
  • Municipal Plan for the Town and Village of Ludlow, Vermont

    Municipal Plan for the Town and Village of Ludlow, Vermont

    Municipal Plan For the Town and Village of Ludlow, Vermont Adopted by the Ludlow Village Trustees on October 8, 2019 Adopted by the Ludlow Select Board on October 7, 2019 Ludlow Municipal Plan Adopted October 2019 Adopted by the Ludlow Village Trustees on January 2, 2018 Adopted by the Ludlow Select Board on December 4, 2017 Amended by the Ludlow Select Board on November 7, 2016 Amended by the Ludlow Select Board on August 3, 2015 Amended by the Ludlow Village Trustees on August 4, 2015 Adopted by the Ludlow Select Board on November 5, 2012 Adopted by the Ludlow Village Trustees on March 5, 2013 This Ludlow Municipal Plan was developed in 2018-2019 by the Ludlow Planning Commission with assistance from the Southern Windsor County Regional Planning Commission, Ascutney, VT. Financial support for undertaking this and previous revisions was provided, in part, by a Municipal Planning Grant from the Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development. Photo Credits: Many of the pictures found throughout this document were generously provided by Tom Johnson. ii Ludlow Municipal Plan Adopted October 2019 Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Public Process ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.3
  • Taconic Physiography

    Taconic Physiography

    Bulletin No. 272 ' Series B, Descriptive Geology, 74 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR . UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 4 t TACONIC PHYSIOGRAPHY BY T. NELSON DALE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transinittal......................................._......--..... 7 Introduction..........I..................................................... 9 Literature...........:.......................... ........................... 9 Land form __._..___.._.___________..___._____......__..__...._..._--..-..... 18 Green Mountain Range ..................... .......................... 18 Taconic Range .............................'............:.............. 19 Transverse valleys._-_-_.-..._.-......-....___-..-___-_....--_.-.._-- 19 Longitudinal valleys ............................................. ^...... 20 Bensselaer Plateau .................................................... 20 Hudson-Champlain valley................ ..-,..-.-.--.----.-..-...... 21 The Taconic landscape..................................................... 21 The lakes............................................................ 22 Topographic types .............,.....:..............'.................... 23 Plateau type ...--....---....-.-.-.-.--....-...... --.---.-.-..-.--... 23 Taconic type ...-..........-........-----............--......----.-.-- 28 Hudson-Champlain type ......................"...............--....... 23 Rock material..........................'.......'..---..-.....-...-.--.-.-. 23 Harder rocks ....---...............-.-.....-.-...--.-.........
  • Figure 3A. Major Geologic Formations in West Virginia. Allegheney And

    Figure 3A. Major Geologic Formations in West Virginia. Allegheney And

    82° 81° 80° 79° 78° EXPLANATION West Virginia county boundaries A West Virginia Geology by map unit Quaternary Modern Reservoirs Qal Alluvium Permian or Pennsylvanian Period LTP d Dunkard Group LTP c Conemaugh Group LTP m Monongahela Group 0 25 50 MILES LTP a Allegheny Formation PENNSYLVANIA LTP pv Pottsville Group 0 25 50 KILOMETERS LTP k Kanawha Formation 40° LTP nr New River Formation LTP p Pocahontas Formation Mississippian Period Mmc Mauch Chunk Group Mbp Bluestone and Princeton Formations Ce Obrr Omc Mh Hinton Formation Obps Dmn Bluefield Formation Dbh Otbr Mbf MARYLAND LTP pv Osp Mg Greenbrier Group Smc Axis of Obs Mmp Maccrady and Pocono, undivided Burning Springs LTP a Mmc St Ce Mmcc Maccrady Formation anticline LTP d Om Dh Cwy Mp Pocono Group Qal Dhs Ch Devonian Period Mp Dohl LTP c Dmu Middle and Upper Devonian, undivided Obps Cw Dhs Hampshire Formation LTP m Dmn OHIO Ct Dch Chemung Group Omc Obs Dch Dbh Dbh Brailler and Harrell, undivided Stw Cwy LTP pv Ca Db Brallier Formation Obrr Cc 39° CPCc Dh Harrell Shale St Dmb Millboro Shale Mmc Dhs Dmt Mahantango Formation Do LTP d Ojo Dm Marcellus Formation Dmn Onondaga Group Om Lower Devonian, undivided LTP k Dhl Dohl Do Oriskany Sandstone Dmt Ot Dhl Helderberg Group LTP m VIRGINIA Qal Obr Silurian Period Dch Smc Om Stw Tonoloway, Wills Creek, and Williamsport Formations LTP c Dmb Sct Lower Silurian, undivided LTP a Smc McKenzie Formation and Clinton Group Dhl Stw Ojo Mbf Db St Tuscarora Sandstone Ordovician Period Ojo Juniata and Oswego Formations Dohl Mg Om Martinsburg Formation LTP nr Otbr Ordovician--Trenton and Black River, undivided 38° Mmcc Ot Trenton Group LTP k WEST VIRGINIA Obr Black River Group Omc Ordovician, middle calcareous units Mp Db Osp St.
  • Geology of Gambrill State Park

    Geology of Gambrill State Park

    Introduction A West Gambrill State Park is located along the eastern edge of the Blue Ridge b Physiographic Province. The Blue Ridge Mountains stretch from northern Georgia to southern Pennsylvania. The Blue Ridge is made up of folded Eas x t rocks that are broken in places by faults. In Maryland, the Blue Ridge b consists of two separate ridges-Catoctin Mountain, locally known as A B C Braddock Mountain on the east, and South Mountain to the west. The Blue Figure 1. Rocks of Gambrill State Park. A, Catoctin Formation. Green- Ridge is bordered on the east by the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The ish metamorphosed basalts. B, Loudoun Formation. Volcanic ash Piedmont is underlain by metamorphic rocks that were formed when the containing pebbles of lava (at A). C, Weverton Formation. Cross- 9 W Appalachian Mountains were uplifted more than 250 million years ago bedded sandstone (b=bedding, x=cross-bedding) . ever C ton Form (hereafter Ma). What we see from Catoctin Mountain today is the result of to weathering and erosion. As a result of this durability, the Weverton ation millions of years of erosion of those mountains. Formation represents the main ridge-forming layer on both Catoctin and Bedrock Layers South mountains of the Blue Ridge of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Nearly all of the rocks present in the park are assignable to three These ridges are erosional features left standing high after the softer or more geologic rock units, called formations. These are the Catoctin, the Loudoun, soluble rocks on either side were worn down by weathering and erosion.
  • Catoctin Formation

    Catoctin Formation

    Glimpses of the Past: THE GEOLOGY of VIRGINIA The Catoctin Formation — Virginia is for Lavas Alex Johnson and Chuck Bailey, Department of Geology, College of William & Mary Stony Man is a high peak in Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains that tops out at just over 1200 m (4,000’). Drive south from Thornton Gap along the Skyline Drive and you’ll see the impressive cliffs of Stony Man’s northwestern face. These are the cliffs that give the mountain its name, as the cliffs and slopes have a vague resemblance to a reclining man’s forehead, eye, nose, and beard. Climb to the top and you’ll see peculiar bluish-green rocks exposed on the summit that are ancient lava flows, part of a geologic unit known as the Catoctin Formation. From the presidential retreat at Camp David to Jefferson’s Monticello, from Harpers Ferry to Humpback Rocks, the Catoctin Formation underlies much of the Blue Ridge. This distinctive geologic unit tells us much about the long geologic history of the Blue Ridge and central Appalachians. Stony Man’s summit and northwestern slope, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Cliffs expose metabasaltic greenstone of the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation. (CMB photo). Geologic cross section of Stony Man summit area (modified from Badger, 1999). The Catoctin Formation was first named by Arthur Keith in 1894 and takes its name for exposures on Catoctin Mountain, a long ridge that stretches from Maryland into northern Virginia. The word Catoctin is rooted in the old Algonquin term Kittockton. The exact meaning of the term has become a point of contention; among historians the translation “speckled mountain” is preferred, however local tradition holds that that Catoctin means “place of many deer” (Kenny, 1984).
  • Town of Bristol Outdoor Recreation, Gateway to the Green Mountains Bristol Is in Northeastern Addison County, at the Western

    Town of Bristol Outdoor Recreation, Gateway to the Green Mountains Bristol Is in Northeastern Addison County, at the Western

    Town of Bristol Outdoor Recreation, Gateway to the Green Mountains Bristol is in northeastern Addison County, at the western foot of the Green Mountains. The New Haven River flows out of the mountains and through town. Parks • Bristol Town Green- Center of town with a fountain and bandstand. Link for history- Bristol Core • Bristol Veterans Memorial Park- Wooded park with paths across a roaring waterfall. Link for history- Bristol Core • Sycamore Park-A day use recreation area, swimming and fishing. Link for history- Bristol Core • Eagle Park-handicapped access, picnic tables. • Bartlett’s Falls- (New Haven Gorge or known as the Toaster) Waterfalls and slab rocks to lounge on. Biking Bristol is the home of VBT Vermont Bicycle Tour and a stopping way for Sojourn and Backroads bike tours. The mountain biking is being cultivated, there is the VMBA chapter of Addison County Bike Club which has a focus in Middlebury. Most trails in Bristol area are privately owned and maintained. The Watershed Trail link Green Mountain Family Campground map Hinesburg Town Forest trails map (14mi from town) Water Sports Bristol Pond is great for canoeing, Stand Up Paddleboarding, fishing, and kayaking New Haven River is known for white water kayaking and part of the New Haven Ledges Race, bringing kayakers from all over New England to drop over the Bartlett’s Falls. • Baldwin Creek • Bristol Pond (Winona Lake) • Monkton Pond (Cedar Lake) • Lake Dunmore Hiking Bristol is the Gateway into the Green Mountains, there are many trails that surround the town and there are more to come. • Watershed Trail link • Bristol Cliffs map • Coffin Trail – In the development stages link • Trail around Bristol – In the development stages Town of Bristol Outdoor Recreation, Gateway to the Green Mountains Bristol Ledges Trail Round trip hiking distance: 3 miles Difficulty: Easy The Bristol Ledges Trail is the perfect hike for when you’re looking for something short and close by, but with super sweet views.
  • Booker T. Washington National Monument

    Booker T. Washington National Monument

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Booker T. Washington National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2010/234 THIS PAGE: A spring box, used as an early refrig- erator. Holes at each end of the box allow fresh, cool water to flow through, keeping perishables cool and fresh for several days at a time. ON THE COVER: The kitchen cabin (right) and smoke- house, historic buildings on the Burroughs Plantation where Booker T. Washington lived as a boy. National Park Service photographs courtesy Timbo Sims (Booker T. Wash- ington National Monument) Booker T. Washington National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2010/234 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 August 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
  • 7 the Geology of the Bennington Area

    7 the Geology of the Bennington Area

    I S; 5, •-' -"•L - THE GEOLOGY OF THE BENNINGTON AREIA, VERMONT By ItV £ JOHN A MACFAD\ EN, JR t "I VERMON I GEOLOGIC \L SURVEY :• CHARLiS G. DOLL Stale Geologist Published by S S VERMON'! DEVELOPMEf\ t COMMISSION •• MONTPELIER VE! MONT S S S S S • BiLETIN NO. 7 - 1956 S ' S S - THE GEOLOGY OF THE BENNINGTON ARF A, VERMONT By JOHN A. MACFAD\ 1N, JR £ I VERMON I GEOLOGIC 'LL SURVEY CHARLCS G. DOLL State Geologist 4 / • •• • . • • Published by VERMONT DEVELOPMEr''1' COMMISSION MONTPELIER VERIONT I • .BPLLETIN NO. • • • 1956 • •• •. •• eBr.4.n TABLE OF CONI1NTS / ' I PAGE 1 / ABSTRACT ......................... 7 i oRatlsn4 1 INTRODUCTION ........................ 8 0 Location. ......................... PWtney 8 Physiogiaphy and Glaciation ................. 9 Purpose of Study ....................... 11 I / I, Method of Study ...................... 11 I 0.> Regional Geologic Setting .................. 11 Vt. ) N.H. Previous Work ....................... 13 Acknowledgments . I ( 14 I I STRATIGRAPHY ........................ 15 I oManshular 1 General Statement .................... is I' Pre-Cambrian Sequence ......... ' .....16 / Mount Holly Gneiss ..................... 16 So.s.tqa 3r- I. I I Stamford Granite Gneiss................. 17 Lower Cambrian Sequence .................. 17 41 Mendon Formation ................... 17 I • —4 ( Cheshire Quartzite ................... 20 •• #3 Dunham Dolomite ..................... 21 'S Monkton Quartzite .................. 22 ------\-------- Winooski Dolomite ................... 23
  • A Transect Through the Pre-Silurian Rocks of Central Vermont

    A Transect Through the Pre-Silurian Rocks of Central Vermont

    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository New England Intercollegiate Geological NEIGC Trips Excursion Collection 1-1-1987 A Transect Through the Pre-Silurian Rocks of Central Vermont; The Lincoln Massic and Its Immediate Cover; The Pre-Silurian Hinterland Along the Valleys of the White and Mad Rivers, Central Vermont; Metamorphism of Pre-Silurian Rocks, Central Vermont; Regional Geochemical Variations in Greenstones from the Central Vermont Appalachians Rolfe Stanley Vincent DelloRusso Sharon O'Loughlin Eric Lapp Thomas Armstrong Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/neigc_trips See next page for additional authors Recommended Citation Rolfe Stanley, Vincent DelloRusso, Sharon O'Loughlin, Eric Lapp, Thomas Armstrong, Jeffrey Prewitt, Jerome Kraus, Gregory Walsh, Christine Kimball, Athene Cua, Jo Laird, and R. A. Coish, "A Transect Through the Pre-Silurian Rocks of Central Vermont; The Lincoln Massic and Its Immediate Cover; The Pre- Silurian Hinterland Along the Valleys of the White and Mad Rivers, Central Vermont; Metamorphism of Pre-Silurian Rocks, Central Vermont; Regional Geochemical Variations in Greenstones from the Central Vermont Appalachians" (1987). NEIGC Trips. 421. https://scholars.unh.edu/neigc_trips/421 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the New England Intercollegiate Geological Excursion Collection at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NEIGC Trips by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Rolfe Stanley, Vincent DelloRusso, Sharon O'Loughlin, Eric Lapp, Thomas Armstrong, Jeffrey Prewitt, Jerome Kraus, Gregory Walsh, Christine Kimball, Athene Cua, Jo Laird, and R.
  • 2. Biophysical Regions and a Landscape Perspective for Conservation and Management

    2. Biophysical Regions and a Landscape Perspective for Conservation and Management

    2. BIOPHYSICAL REGIONS AND A LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ermont is rich with wildlife, largely because we have an abundance As a Vermont and diversity of habitat that supports the needs of many species. landowner, you will VThese habitats include extensive areas of interconnected forests of many types, swamps and lakeside marshes, fens and bogs, cliffs and caves, need to carefully seeps and vernal pools, fields and grasslands, and streams, rivers, and ponds. An important conservation goal is to maintain this diverse array consider the effects of of habitats to continue to support Vermont’s wildlife resources and all the values they provide. your actions and plan Achieving this goal over the long term will be challenging, given the continued loss and degradation of habitat associated with development. for effective habitat As a Vermont landowner, you will need to carefully consider the effects of your actions and plan for effective habitat management and conservation management and on at least three scales. First, you need to consider the needs of individual conservation on at species where they occur, especially those species that are particularly sensitive to changes in their surroundings. For example, American least three scales. woodcock require shrub wetlands for feeding, adjacent to old fields for courtship. Second, you need to consider the distribution and condition of all habitats and natural communities in your local area and across the state. This is the best insurance that you will provide the habitat requirements for a broad range of species. And third, you need to consider large, landscape-scale features, such as large areas of contiguous forest and the habitat that connects them.
  • MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Kenneth N

    MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Kenneth N

    MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SC (OH1-7'' CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS For the convenience of readers who prefer to use International System (SI) units rather than the inch-pound units used in this report, values may be converted using the following factors: Multiply inch-pound unit By To obtain SI units inch (in.) 25.40 millimeter (mm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) 2 square mile (mi ) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) acre 0.4047 hectare (ha) gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) million gallons (Mgal) 3,785 cubic meter (m3) acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer (hm3) foot squared per day 0.09290 meter squared per day 2 (ft /d) (m2/d) gallon per minute 0.06309 liter per second (L/s) (gal/min) gallon per day 0.003785 cubic meter per day (gal/d) (m3/d) gallon per minute per 0.2070 liter per second per meter foot [(gal/min)/ft] [(L/s)/m] cubic foot per second 0.02832 cubic meter per second 3 (ft /s) (mVs) cubic foot per second 0.01093 cubic meter per second per square mile per square kilometer 3 2 [(ft /s)/mi ] [(m3/s)/km2] ton 907.2 kilogram (kg) Chemical concentration is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (/ig/L). Water temperature in degrees Celsius (0C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (0F) using the following equation: 0F = 1.8 (0C) + 32 "Sea level" as used in this report refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) — a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called "Mean Sea Level of 1929." Department of Natural Resources MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Kenneth N.
  • Žemynų Geografijos Pratybos

    Žemynų Geografijos Pratybos

    LIETUVOS EDUKOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS GAMTOS MOKSLŲ FAKULTETAS BENDROSIOS GEOGRAFIJOS KATEDRA Virginijus Gerulaitis Žemynų geografijos pratybos Vilnius, 2013 - - Apsvarstyta ir rekomenduota spausdinti Lietuvos edukologi jos universiteto Gamtos mokslų fakulteto Bendrosios geogra fijos katedros posėdyje 2012 m. lapkričio 6 d. (protokolo Nr. 4) ir Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto Gamtos mokslų fakulteto tarybos posėdyje 2012 m. gruodžio 9 d. (protokolo Nr. 9). Recenzavo: doc. Mykolas Mikalajūnas (Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto Bendrosios geografijos katedra), dr. Regina Morkūnaitė (Geologijos ir geografijos institutas) © Virginijus Gerulaitis, 2013 © Leidykla „Edukologija“, 2013 ISSN 2335-240X ISBN 978-9955-20-816-7 Turinys Pratarmė 5 Europa 8 Azija 25 Šiaurės Amerika 49 Pietų Amerika 74 Afrika 99 Australija ir Okeanija 112 Antarktida 130 Literatūra 139 Žodynėlis 141 Priedai 154 Žemynų GEOGRAFIJOS PRATYBOS 3 Pratarmė - Žemynų geografija yra regioninės geografijos mokslo šaka, visapusiai tyrinėjanti žemynų gamtinius teritorinius komplek sus, jų kilmę, evoliuciją ir paplitimo dėsningumus. Jos teorinį pagrindą sudaro geografinės sferos teritorinė diferenciacija. - Žemynų gamtos sąlygų apžvalga pagrįsta geografinės sferos - komponentų tarpusavio sąveikos analize. Geografijos mokyto - jų rengimo programoje numatytam „Žemynų geografijos“ kur sui skiriami 7 kreditai, arba 280 valandų. Jis dėstomas ketvir - tame ir penktame semestruose. Nuolatinių studijų programos trečiame semestre 64 valandos skiriamos paskaitoms, 32 va landos – praktiniams darbams ir 64 valandos – savarankiškam darbui. Ištęstinių studijų programos paskaitoms skiriamos 24 valandos, praktiniams darbams – 16 valandų, o 120 valandų numatoma savarankiškam darbui. Ketvirtame semestre šios disciplinos studijoms skiriami trys kreditai: nuolatinių studijų programos 48 valandos skiriamos paskaitoms, 24 valandos – praktiniams darbams ir 48 valandos – savarankiškam darbui. Ištęstinių studijų programos paskaitoms skiriama 18 valandų, praktiniams darbams – 12 valandų ir 90 valandų numatoma savarankiškam darbui.