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Home , Theater (warfare)

EUROPEAN THEATER I. A -Weary World A. American______1. ______Acts made it illegal to supply or money to countries at war 2. This was difficult to enforce, particularly after Japan invaded China 3. FDR criticized isolationism by suggesting to “______” aggressive nations to prevent further aggression but would /could not ask for a war without a ______. B. Policy of Appeasement 1. In order to keep Europe out of war, British Prime Minister Chamberlain gave in to the demands of Germany 2. The League of Nations did little to punish violations of the Versailles Peace Treaty 3. Western democracies considered ______to the dictators of Europe a. Pacifism: opposition to war b. Appeasement: giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep peace c. Neutral: favoring neither side in a conflict 4. However, Germany, Italy, and Japan were aggressively trying to build empires. a. Tripartite Pact – the Axis Powers II. Appeasement A. 1931 - Japan invades ______in China. B. 1935 - Benito Mussolini invades ______. C. 1935 – German ______D. 1936 – Spanish ______becomes testing ground for new German weapons E. 1938 – The ______F. Sept. 1938 – ______Conference / Czech Crisis G. 1939 - Nazi – ______Pact

Appeasement - Who do you agree with more? ______

Peace in our time lasts 8 months…The Violation of the Munich Pact September 1938: The Munich Pact forbids further German ______May 15-16, 1939: Germany occupied and ______Czechoslovakia

WORLD WAR II I. A. Nazi-Soviet Pact Bears Fruit 1. Germany and the USSR had signed a treaty in August,1939. 2. The treaty contained a secret agreement to conquer ______and divide Eastern Europe between themselves. B. of Poland 1.German forces quickly overran the Polish border at dawn on ______. 2.France and Britain declared war on Germany two days later but not in time to save Poland. C. ______Defined 1.The German invasion of Poland was a success, largely because it happened so quickly. 2.Germany was able to use more modern planes and to strike very ______, and keep moving. D. Soviet 1. Two weeks later the ______invaded Poland from the East. 2. They also conquered Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia without much resistance. E. Finland Resists 1. Stalin anticipated that the of ______would be easy. 2. The Finns put up fierce resistance, and prolonged the fighting into the winter. 3. By using guerilla Tactics the Finns held out until March of 1940. F. Important Repercussions 1. The failure of the Soviets to easily take Finland severely crippled the Soviet . 2. Just as importantly, it made Russia look ______and ______. II. Sitzkrieg / ______War to real war A. Meanwhile, Britain and France stationed large numbers of along the northern French border and waited for the Germans to attack. 1. The allies believed thatthe heavy fortificationsof the ______linecould repel any attack B. The Invasion of France 1. The phony war ended in the Spring of 1940 when Germany invaded ______and ______. 2. Then the Germans were able to slip past the heavy defenses of the Maginot line by going through the ______forest. C. Operation______1. British and French forces were now trapped between the German Army and the ______Sea. 2. In one of Britain’s finer moments, a fleet of several hundred ships were able to rescue ______men from the beaches of ______. D. Profiles in Bad Ideas 1. Herman Goering convinced Hitler that the ______alone could destroy the allied forces at Dunkirk. 2. Hitler agreed, and halted all German ______units from attacking. E. France Falls 1.After Dunkirk, the French ______on June 22, 1940. 2.The Nazis set up a puppet government based out of the French city of Vichy. F. Viva la Resistance 1.During the Vichy Regime, French ______escaped to Britain to organize a liberation force. 2.Many of those who could not get out created a legendary network of______and______to keep the Nazi’s busy. III. The of Britain A. Winston Churchill, new British Prime Minister 1. “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets…we shall ______”

Winston Churchill - As you listen to the clip list two things that make this a great speech. 1. ______2. ______B. Hitler now turned his attention to an invasion of Great ______1. His plan was to destroy the ______(Royal Air Force) then bring in troops

Battle of Britain - As you watch the video list three things that stood out to you about the battle. 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______C. Summer 1940, the Luftwaffe, Germany's ______, began bombing Great Britain. 1.First targeted ______and aircraft factories 2.Hitler's Second Mistake: i. September 7, 1940, began focusing on cities, especially ______to break 3.RAF began to fight back i. Had ______, developed in the 1930’s ii. German code making machine named ______4. The Battle of Britain continued until May 10, 1941 i. Hitler then focused on the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe

IV. – June 22, 1941 - Invasion of the Soviet Union

Japan, Pearl Harbor, and US Entry into WWII

I. Japan Builds an Empire

A. Japan had become a ______

B. As ______, they lacked enough ______to keep growing.

C. Japan’s solution was to take ______

II. Oil Embargo

A. As Japan expanded, the ______

B. The US eventually ______

A. C. The only other way to get the oil was to take it from US and British ______in Asia.

Should Pearl Harbor Really have been a surprise? Explain your answer.

______

______

______

III. Official Position of the US…Before Pearl Harbor

A. Official position at the beginning of the war: ______

B. March 1941: the ______allows the U.S. to provide loans and supplies to those “fighting for freedom”

1. Battle of Britain- ______

2. Hitler invades USSR- ______

C. August 1941: Churchill and FDR issue the ______, which set goals for the war

1. no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people 2. restoration of self-government to those deprived of it 3. global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all 4. freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas 5. abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations. In the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, the Allies pledged adherence to this charter's principles.

Are these the actions of a neutral and isolationist country? Explain your answer.

______

______

______

IV. December 7, 1941: A Date that will live in ______

List three comments, responses, reactions, or emotions based on the Pearl Harbor Newsreel

1. ______2. ______3. ______

Franklin Delano Roosevelt asks Congress for war

F.D.R.’s Infamy speech – Dec. 8th 1941

List two ways F.D.R. Encourages America

1. ______2. ______List two ways F.D.R. demonizes the enemy

1. ______2. ______

A. The Japanese attacked the ______

B. The attack killed ______people, injured ______and sunk or damaged ______(and ______).

V. Official Position…After

A. The U.S. ______the next day.

B. Dec 11: ______declare war on U.S. C. After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. throws itself full force into a ______against the ______

VI. Japan Attacks the Philippines

A. In January the Japanese attacked the ______

B. American forces retreated to the ______and held it for three months.

C. It wasn’t long before the Japanese had taken most of the ______

D. Bataan Death March

1. The Japanese considered it ______, and little respect for American and Filipino Prisoners.

2. About ______died on a forced march ______up the Bataan peninsula.

Turning the TIde

---1942-1943 A. ______: Germans in control VICTORY AT STALINGRAD B. Winter ______: the ______take back the city C. ______in Europe

---November 1942 VICTORY IN NORTH A. (November AFRICA 1942): Allies halted Rommel’s advance B. American General

took command of joint a British and ---1943-44 American force THE INVASION OF C. May 1943: Rommel’s army surrendered ITALY

A. July of 1943, the Allies took Sicily. B. Mussolini ---June 6, 1944 C. Rome taken in June of 1944. D-DAY

A. Success: The Allies launched an attack ---August, 1944 on . LIBERATION OF PARIS

A. After liberating Paris, the Allies ---January 1945 then free France, Belgium and BATTLE OF THE Luxembourg.

BULGE B. The next task was to invade

.

---May 1945 GERMAN DEFEAT A. Germany’s B. Result:

---Spring 1945 TRUMAN TAKES A. By the Spring of 1945, the Allies OVER surrounded Berlin

B. : the Germans surrendered

C.

A. President Roosevelt had died on April 12. His successor, would be the one to receive the news.

YALTA CONFERENCE

A. February 1945 (Allies on path to victory) B. Big Three: Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin C. Purpose: What will be the fate of Germany and the postwar world? D. Challenges: Each leader had a different goal for his own country 1. Soviet Union wanted a ______approach to devastate German forces 2. Great Britain wanted the opposite – a ______approach to rebuilding Germany 3. U.S.A. acted as a ______concerned about creating a new world ______organization.

NUREMBERG TRIALS

A. Nazi leaders were put on trial one or more of the following: 1. Crimes Against the ______2. ______Crimes 3. Crimes Against ______B. 12 of the 24 charged were sentenced to death. C. Significance: established the principle that individuals are ______for their own actions, even in war!

What is a ?

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

WORLD WAR II - THE PACIFIC THEATER Japan’s Strategic Objectives  Seize critical natural ______areas  Establish defensive ______ Sue for ______Admiral Yamamoto ( with the U.S.) "I can run wild for six months … after that, I have no expectation of ______." Island Hopping Strategy A. In order to be in striking distance from Japan, the U.S. had to win back ______islands in the Pacific B. Fighting was brutal with high ______Doolittle’s Raid Date: April 18, 1942 Description: • Doolittle led a bomber raid on ______Significance: • “Doolitle Do’od it!” Americans cried as their spirits were lifted the next morning… • Japan’s ______is shaken! Take that Japan! Allied Strategy In the Pacific: Island Hoping Why Island Hop?  Take Island by island to protect the advance as it proceeded across the ______.  The main goal was to get in range with ______.  It was always the intention to bomb Japan into submission.

Battle of the Coral Sea Date: May 1942 Description: • Australian and American forces stopped Japanese advance into ______in a five day battle. • Battle took place in the air! Significance: • The Japanese were stopped for the first time! About Codes... U.S. code breakers broke the Japanese code in WWII (Codenamed ______). This led to many victories (namely Midway). ______Code talkers worked to protect U.S. codes during the war. Very confused, the Japanese would ______break the code. Battle of the Midway Date: June 1942 Description: • Japan wanted the strategic, American-controlled island of Midway. • ______discovered the location of the Japanese fleet • The Americans caught the Japanese off-guard. • Result: The Americans devastated the Japanese fleet. (1 Carrier lost to 4) Significance: • The Americans had ______Pearl Harbor • Turning point: Americans were on the ______while the Japanese went on defensive Americans on the Offense Battle of Guadalcanal a. First move in August 1942 b. Japan’s first defeat on ______c. Americans leapfrog across the Pacific towards Japan Battle of Leyte Gulf a. “People of the Philippines: I have returned!” – MacArthur b. Japanese use the ______(suicide plane) strategy to devastate and scare Americans. c. American victory 1. American Response to Kamikaze 2. Americans were shocked and terrified. 3. “A strange mixture of respect and pity”. 4. Japanese continued to use kamikaze giving Americans a taste of what’s to come… Battle of Iwo Jima Date: February-March 1945 Description: . An important island the Americans needs to use as a launching point for an invasion of Japan. . It was the most heavily ______island in the Pacific . 27,000 Japanese troops lay waiting in the caves of the island . 6,000 marines died taking the island – the largest number in the Pacific . Only ______Japanese survived . Significance: US worried about Japanese ______Battle of Okinawa Date: April-June 1945 Description: . U.S. Marines invaded the island of Okinawa off the coast of Japan. . Japanese forces defense was stronger than at Iwo Jima . 7,600 American deaths and ______Japanese died! . Many Japanese committed ______than suffer the disgrace of ! Operation Downfall

Estimated US Casualties:

. Joint Chiefs of

o Olympic – 456,000 casualties, including ______dead or missing after 90 days

o Coronet – and combined total of ______casualties, with 267,000 fatalities

Estimated Japanese Casualties:

. ______to ______million based on the assumption of large-scale participation by civilians in the defense of Japan . One mobilized high school girl, Yukiko Kasai, found herself issued an awl and told, "Even killing ______American will do. … You must aim for the abdomen."