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Project partners & supporting companies: Disclaimer: While the authors consider that the data and opinions contained in this report are sound, all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when using it. The authors do not make any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the report. The authors assume no liability for any loss or damage arising from decisions made on the basis of this report. The views and judgements expressed here are the opinions of the authors and do not reflect those of the client or any of the stakeholders consulted during the course of this project. Final Report Contents Contents Table of Contents CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 3.0 BASIC CONCEPT OF ABERDEEN VISION PROJECT ................................................................................................................................................................. 14 4.0 HYDROGEN CHALLENGES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 5.0 CASE FOR DECARBONISATION AT ST FERGUS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34 6.0 PROJECT DELIVERY ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 7.0 COST OF HYDROGEN .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94 8.0 RESOLVING IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................................................................................... 100 9.0 DEVELOPMENT PLAN .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 105 10.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 108 11.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 111 12.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 113 Aberdeen Vision Page 2 of 123 Final Report Contents Figures FIGURE 1-1: EMISSIONS SAVING POTENTIAL OF THE HYDROGEN DEMANDS ANALYSED IN THE ABERDEEN VISION PROJECT .................................................................................. 9 FIGURE 2-1: UK ENERGY CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 FIGURE 2-2: THE GAS QUALITY DECARBONISATION PATHWAY (COURTESY SGN) ............................................................................................................................................. 11 FIGURE 2-3: APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES OF THE FOUR TERMINALS AT ST FERGUS .......................................................................................................................................... 11 FIGURE 3-1: ABERDEEN VISION PROJECT OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 FIGURE 3-2: INTERACTION BETWEEN ABERDEEN VISION AND ACORN PROJECTS .............................................................................................................................................. 14 FIGURE 3-4: OVERVIEW OF THE ACORN HYDROGEN PROJECT.......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 FIGURE 3-3: PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF HYDROGEN INJECTION INFRASTRUCTURE AT ST FERGUS (REFORMATION PLANT NOT TO SCALE) ................................................... 16 FIGURE 3-5: OVERVIEW OF THE ACORN CCS PROJECT ................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 FIGURE 4-1: GAS INTERCHANGEABILITY DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 FIGURE 4-2: INCREASE IN GAS VOLUME AT CONSTANT ENERGY CONTENT AT STANDARD CONDITIONS (IUPAC DEFINITION: 1BAR AND 0°C) ....................................................... 22 FIGURE 4-3: DIFFERENCES IN PROFILE BETWEEN SUPPLY FROM ST FERGUS AND SCOTTISH GAS DEMAND ....................................................................................................... 25 FIGURE 4-4 IMPACT OF HYDROGEN GAS PURITY ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES FOR X42 ....................................................................................................................... 26 FIGURE 4-5: PIPELINE MATERIALS PRESENT AS % OF TOTAL PIPE LENGTH IN LOW PRESSURE GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ............................................................................ 28 FIGURE 5-1: KEY ATTRIBUTES OF ST FERGUS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 34 FIGURE 5-2: ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATINGS FOR BUILDINGS (LEFT) AND APPLIANCES (RIGHT) ........................................................................................................................... 39 FIGURE 5-3: PROPOSED EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE CHART ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40 FIGURE 5-4: EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE OF HYDROGEN GENERATION METHODS COMPARED AGAINST EXISTING CATEGORY DEFINITIONS .......................................................... 41 FIGURE 5-5: EMISSIONS ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHODS ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 FIGURE 5-6: CERTIFHY HYDROGEN TERMINOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 FIGURE 5-7: BASE CASE HYDROGEN GENERATION PROCESS (FROM NATURAL GAS TO HYDROGEN AND CO2) .................................................................................................... 47 FIGURE 5-8: SGN'S INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER AND GAS NETWORKS PROJECT ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 FIGURE 5-9: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR ACORN HYDROGEN ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 FIGURE 5-10: COMPARISON OF ENERGY COSTS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES ................................................................................................................................................... 51 FIGURE 5-11: ACORN SCHEDULE .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 FIGURE 5-12: SUMMARY OF ACORN BUILD OUT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Aberdeen Vision Page 3 of 123 Final Report Contents FIGURE 6-1: MAXIMUM STORAGE REQUIREMENT FOR 2% BLEND INTO THE NTS ............................................................................................................................................... 55 FIGURE 6-2: HISTORICAL GAS FLOW THROUGH ST FERGUS