DOCSLIB.ORG

WOOL: Holistic Upgrade for Warmer Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WOOL: Holistic Upgrade for Warmer Future Market Survey BY: DR VIGNESHWARA VARMUDY WOOL: HOLISTIC UPGRADE FOR WARMER FUTURE Though India ranks third in the world in sheep stock, it has not yet shined both in the domestic as well as the external wool market. Hence efforts are needed to upgrade this sector without any delay. ndia’s name has always been cluding goat, camel and rabbit. World production synonymous with its cot- These animal fibres are processed to ton textile industry. But few make fine products like suitings and Australia is the leading pro- know about the deep roots of knitted garments, shawls and dress ducer of wool, which is mostly from the thriving woollen indus- materials. Merino sheep. China is the second- Itry way back from the era of Indian Manufacturing fine woollen largest producer of wool followed by royalty, which has been a patron of textile products in India has been New Zealand. The total production exquisite work of arts; from finely the forte of artisans and handloom of wool in the world during 2009 embroidered jamvar shawls, to pure weavers right from Kashmir in the was 2,044,270 metric tonnes (refer wool garments and carpets. north to various manufacturing cen- Table I). Wool is the textile fibre obtained tres in Rajasthan, Punjab and Uttar Organic wool is becoming more from sheep and other animals in- Pradesh for centuries. and more popular globally. This wool JANUARY 2012 • FACTS FOR YOU 19 Market Survey is very limited in supply and much gion. State-wise estimates of wool sion agents of wool market sell on of it comes from Australia and New production are given in Table III. It behalf of village merchants or pur- Zealand. This wool is environmen- is clear from the table that Rajas- chase it from the producers. The tally preferable to petroleum-based than ranks first followed by Jam- normal practice of wool producers nylon as a raw material for carpets. mu and Kashmir, Karnataka and is to sell their wool per animal ba- Andhra Pradesh. sis well before the shearing season Indian scenario by taking money in advance. Speciality hair fibres Since the availability of animal The woollen industry in India is fibres except sheep wool is fluctuat- small in size as compared to cotton Angora rabbit hair, pashmina ing, their marketing is not organ- and synthetic fibre-based industries. and yak wool are the main speciality ised. These are sold and used locally. This industry provides employment hair fibres found in India. The fine- The price has also been fluctuating and source of substance to about one ness of angora rabbit hair ranges be- over the years. million people, mostly belonging to tween 12 and 14 microns. These rab- low-income group. Its expansion, bits are reared in Himachal Pradesh. Utilisation of wool particularly in khadi, handloom and Pashmina or cashmere is obtained in India carpet segments, will create more from changthangi and chenger breed and more employment opportunities goats that are famous for their soft, Of the total wool produced in In- in the future. fine and warm commercial natural dia, about 10 million kg is used in India has about 44 descript animal fibre. The details about ani- the khadi sector and other village- sheep breeds spread over a wide mal fibres viz, quality and products, range of environmental conditions. are given in Table IV. Table II The Indian sheep breeds produce wool differing in fineness. This wool Wool Production Marketing of wool in India During 1950-51 to is mainly utilised for the produc- 2010-11 tion of hand-knitted, tufted and Wool marketing in India is in handloom-woven carpets. During the hands of private wool mer- Year Production (million kg) 2010-11, India produced 43.3 mil- chants and traders. The produc- lion kilogram of raw wool. Out of ers rarely take it to the markets. A 1950-51 27.5 this, about 10 per cent was apparel- major portion of wool is purchased 1955-56 27.5 grade, 70 per cent carpet-grade and by village merchants. The commis- 1960-61 28.1 20 per cent coarse-grade. The an- 1968-69 29.8 nual growth of wool production is Table I 1973-74 30.1 marginal and has remained static 1979-80 30.9 for last ten years. The estimated World Production of Wool 1983-84 36.1 production of wool since 1950-51 up in Top 10 Countries to 2010-11 is given in Table II. in 2009 1989-90 41.7 As far as the production of wool Country Production 1993-94 39.9 is concerned, the country can be di- (metric tonnes) 1998-99 46.9 vided into four agro-climatic regions. Australia 370,601 2000-2001 48.4 The sheep population is more or less China 364,002 2001-02 49.5 spread equally in north-western New Zealand 179,242 2002-03 50.5 parts of the country covering the UK 65,393 2003-04 48.5 states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Pun- Argentina 61,491 2004-05 44.6 jab, Haryana and southern penin- Morocco 55,029 2005-06 44.9 sular region consisting of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu Sudan 54,668 2006-07 45.1 and Karnataka. Russia 54,668 2007-08 44.0 However, wool production is Syrian Arabic Republic 53,011 2008-09 42.9 more in north-western region than Pakistan 41,540 2009-10 43.2 the south. Also the wool produced Total (including others) 2,044,270 2010-11 43.3 in north-western region is finer Source: FAO STAT–United Nations Source: www.dahd.nic than that produced in southern re- 20 FACTS FOR YOU • JANUARY 2012 Market Survey based industries for manufacturing bia, Argentina and other countries. carpet wool from New Zealand and different products by hand spinning However, the major import is from other countries. Apart from this, the and weaving. About 8 million kg of New Zealand, which supplies wool country imports wool, fine or coarse raw wool is used in the organised in scoured stage. animal hair, horse hair yarn and wo- sector for manufacturing shawls ven fabrics. The total import of these and knit wears in Ludhiana and Production centres of during 2009-10 was 74,774 tonnes Amritsar. The remaining is utilised woollen goods valued at Rs 11753.5 million. On the by the carpet sector. So as to meet other hand, India exported products the domestic demand, India imports The major carpet yarn produc- worth Rs 1886.035 million during about 100 million kg from New tion centres are Bikaner (where the same period as can be observed Zealand, Italy, Turkey, Saudi Ara- about 70-80 per cent of production from Table V. takes place) followed Table III by Panipat, Bhilwara, Future of the industry Kekri, Beawar and State-wise Estimates of Wool Bhadohi. Most of the Though India ranks third in Production During 2007-08 to 2009-10 yarn produced in dif- the world in sheep stock, it has not (‘000 kg) ferent centres is sent yet shined both in the domestic as States 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 in scoured stage to well as the external wool market. Andhra Pradesh 4407 4507 4605 Bhadohi where it is Hence efforts are needed to up- Arunachal Pradesh 12 15 16 dyed in desired shades. grade this sector without any de- Bihar 241 250 260 The Indian car- lay. The following measures will be pet industry employs useful: Chhattisgarh 245 247 249 about 1.5 million work- 1. There is a need to establish Gujarat 2996 2857 2919 ers spread over a num- organised marketing system. At pre- Haryana 1121 1200 1246 ber of states. The four sent, the available wool marketing Himachal Pradesh 1607 1618 1614 major regions making system is unscientific, which is com- Jammu & Kashmir 7100 7133 7300 hard-knitted carpets pletely against the interest of wool Jharkhand 147 149 136 are Jammu & Kashmir, growers and has stunted production Karnataka 5631 7137 7165 Jaipur, Agra, Gwalior, of wool over the years. Madhya Pradesh 401 381 370 Bhadohi-Mirzapur belt 2. Effective market intervention Maharashtra 1677 1707 1726 and Warrangal. How- schemes are required. To ensure re- Punjab 435 451 485 ever, India’s major munerative price to wool growers, carpet production is at protect them against exploitation Rajasthan 15,451 12,664 12,529 Bhadohi-Mirzapur belt by the middlemen, and make avail- Sikkim 1 1 1 and Jaipur, amounting able good-quality and well-graded Tamil Nadu 25 25 31 to about 80 per cent. raw material to the wool industry, it Uttar Pradesh 1481 1503 1523 is imperative that effective market Uttarakhand 360 368 353 Imports and intervention is made by government West Bengal 680 687 697 exports agencies. Total (including others) 44,021 42,901 43,224 3. There is a need to increase the share of speciality hair. Source: State Animal Husbandry departments, www.dehd.nic India imports about 100 million kg of 4. Steps should be taken to pro- mote the growth of angora, pash- Table IV mina and yak fibre processing indus- Quality and Products of Animal Fibres try for shawl manufacturing. This growth needs to be enhanced by di- Fibre Source Fineness Product versified utilisation of knit-wear and (microns) garment sectors. Wool Sheep 22 – 60 Carpets, blankets, felts, shirting, suiting, etc 5. Research and development Pashmina Cashmere goat 10 – 15 Shawls and knit wears activities related to sheep and rab- Rabbit hair Angora rabbit 10 – 14 Shawls and knit wears bit production should be carried Yak fibre Yak 15 – 25 Shawls and knit wears out.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Raharjo Y.C., Bahar S
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11 th WORLD RABBIT CONGRESS Qingdao (China) - June 15-18, 2016 ISSN 2308-1910 Session Management & Economy Raharjo Y.C., Bahar S. RABBIT PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH IN ASIA : PERSPECTIVES AND PROBLEMS (Invited paper). Full text of the communication + Slides of the oral presentation How to cite this paper : Raharjo Y.C., Bahar S., 2016 - Rabbit production and research in Asia : perspectives and problems (Invited paper). .. Proceedings 11th World Rabbit Congress - June 15-18, 2016 - Qingdao - China, 891-920 + Presentation World Rabbit Science Association Proceedings 11th World Rabbit Congress - June 15-18, 2016 - Qingdao - China RABBIT PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH IN ASIA : PERSPECTIVES AND PROBLEMS 1 2 Raharjo Y ono C. *, Bahar S yamsu 1 Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Jl Veteran III Ciawi-Bogor 16720, Indonesia 2 Indonesian Institute for Assessment and Development of Agricultural Techonology, Jl. Ragunan 30, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12540, Indonesia. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Increasing population and global warming are among many challenges in attempt to secure food supply for world needs, including for people in Asia, in which short of meat, poverty and unemployment often occur in this region. Slow production of and limited land availability for ruminant animals, high feed cost and disease threats, including bird flu, in poultry production caused a significant raise of rabbit farming in Asia, and particularly in many areas in Asean countries. A drastic increase of rabbit farming and number of farmers occurred in Asia especially in China. Most of farms operations are small in scale and fed primarily on forage and by product feeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Specialist Fibre Production and Marketing
    This is the published version McGregor, B. A. 1992, Advances in the production of high quality Australian mohair, in ASAP 1992 : Animal production : leading the recovery : proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 1992 biennial conference, Australian Society of Animal Production, Melbourne, Vic., pp. 255-257. Available from Deakin Research Online http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30065987 Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that permission has been obtained for items included in Deakin Research Online. If you believe that your rights have been infringed by this repository, please contact [email protected] Copyright: 1992, Australian Society of Animal Production Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. Vol. 19 CONTRACT REVIEW SPECIALIST FIBRE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING B. A. MCGREGOR Victorian Dept of Food and Agriculture, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Vic. 3030. SUMMARY Developments, advances and prospects for the Australian speciality fibre producing mohair and carpet wool industries and prospective angora (rabbit) and alpaca fibre industries are described. The uses of mohair, new product development and developments within the Australian industry including improvements in mohair marketing and uses of objective mohair testing are discussed. The increase in knowledge, since 1980, of grazing and nutritional requirements, methods of improving mohair quality and the availability and use of new genetic material are reviewed. The origin of carpet wool sheep and their management requirements are reviewed. The uses and processing of carpet wool, and the complexity of carpet production and design are discussed. Improvements in carpet wool specification and marketing are reviewed. Breeding requirements for speciality carpet wool are defined.
    [Show full text]
  • Speciality Fibres
    Speciality Fibres wool - global outlook what makes safil tick? nature inspires innovation in fabric renaissance for speciality fibre china rediscovers south african mohair who supplies the supplier? yarn & top dyeing sustainable wool production new normal in the year of the sheep BUYERS GUIDE TO WOOL 2015-2016 Welcome to Wool2Yarn Global - we have given our publication a new name! This new name reflects the growing number of yarn manufactures that are now an important facet of this publication. The new name also better reflects our expanding global readership with a wide profile from Acknowledgements & Thanks: wool grower to fabric, carpet and garment manufacturers in over 60 Alpha Tops Italy countries. American Sheep Association Australian Wool Testing Authority Our first publication was published in Russian in1986 when the Soviet British Wool Marketing Board Union was the biggest buyer of wool. After the collapse of the Soviet Campaign for Wool Canadian Wool Co-Operative Union this publication was superseded by a New Zealand / Australian Cape Wools South Africa English language edition that soon expanded to include profiles on China Wool Textile Association exporters in Peru, Uruguay, South Africa, Russia, UK and most of Federacion Lanera Argentina International Wool Textile Organisation Western Europe. Interwoollabs Mohair South Africa In 1999 we further expanded our publication list to include WOOL Nanjing Wool Market EXPORTER CHINA (now Wool2Yarn China) to reflect the growing New Zealand Wool Testing Authority importance of Asia and in particular China. This Chinese language SGS Wool Testing Authority magazine is a communication link between the global wool industry Uruguayan Wool Secretariat Wool Testing Authority Europe and the wool industry in China.
    [Show full text]
  • HTS Number “Brief Description” MFN Duty Rate 0201.10.5
    Dutiable products not eligible for GSP, not duty-free (December 2020) HTS “Brief Description” MFN Duty Number Rate 0201.10.50 Bovine carcasses and halves, fresh or chld., other than descr. in gen. note 26.4% 15 or add. US note 3 to Ch. 2 0201.20.80 Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, fresh or chld., not descr in gen. note 15 or 26.4% add. US note 3 to Ch. 2 0201.30.80 Bovine meat cuts, boneless, fresh or chld., not descr in gen. note 15 or 26.4% add. US note 3 to Ch. 2 0202.10.50 Bovine carcasses and halves, frozen, other than descr. in gen. note 15 or 26.4% add. US note 3 to Ch. 2 0202.20.80 Bovine meat cuts, w/bone in, frozen, not descr in gen. note 15 or add. US 26.4% note 3 to Ch. 2 0202.30.80 Bovine meat cuts, boneless, frozen, not descr in gen. note 15 or add. US 26.4% note 3 to Ch. 2 0401.20.40 Milk and cream, unconcentrated, unsweetened, fat content over 1% but 1.5 not over 6%, for over 11,356,236 liters entered in any calendar year cents/liter 0401.40.25 Milk and cream, not concentrated, not sweetened, fat content o/6% but 77.2 not o/10%, not subject to gen. nte 15 or add. nte 5 to Ch. 4 cents/liter 0401.50.25 Milk and cream, not concentrated, not sweetened, fat content o/10% but 77.2 not o/45%, not subject to gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Curatorial Care of Textile Objects
    Appendix K: Curatorial Care of Textile Objects Page A. Overview.......................................................................................................................................... K:1 What information will I find in this appendix?...... ............................................................................. K:1 Why is it important to practice preventive conservation with textiles? ............................................. K:1 How do I learn about preventive conservation? ............................................................................... K:1 Where can I find the latest information on care of these types of materials? .................................. K:2 B. The Nature of Textiles .................................................................................................................... K:2 What fibers are used to make textiles? ............................................................................................ K:2 What are the characteristics of animal fibers? ................................................................................. K:3 What are the characteristics of plant fibers? .................................................................................... K:4 What are the characteristics of synthetic fibers?.............................................................................. K:5 What are the characteristics of metal threads? ................................................................................ K:5 C. The Fabrication of Textiles ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Trade Commission § 303.7
    Federal Trade Commission § 303.7 § 303.5 Abbreviations, ditto marks, and amount of 5 per centum or more of the asterisks prohibited. total fiber weight of the textile fiber (a) In disclosing required informa- product and no direct or indirect rep- tion, words or terms shall not be des- resentations are made as to the animal ignated by ditto marks or appear in or animals from which the fiber so des- footnotes referred to by asterisks or ignated was obtained; as for example: other symbols in required information, 60 percent Cotton. and shall not be abbreviated except as 40 percent Fur fiber. permitted in § 303.33(e) of this part. or (b) Where the generic name of a tex- tile fiber is required to appear in im- 50 percent Nylon. mediate conjunction with a fiber trade- 30 percent Mink hair. mark in advertising, labeling, or 20 percent Fur fiber. invoicing, a disclosure of the generic (d) Where textile fiber products sub- name by means of a footnote, to which ject to the Act contain (1) wool or (2) reference is made by use of an asterisk recycled wool in amounts of five per or other symbol placed next to the centum or more of the total fiber fiber trademark, shall not be sufficient weight, such fibers shall be designated in itself to constitute compliance with and disclosed as wool or recycled wool the Act and regulations. as the case may be. [24 FR 4480, June 2, 1959, as amended at 65 FR [24 FR 4480, June 2, 1959, as amended at 45 FR 75156, Dec.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding and Processing of Wool Specially Hair Fibres: Evaluation of Animal Fibers for Use in Textile Products
    The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) | ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) Volume 7, Issue 4, DIP: 18.01.016/20190704 DOI: 10.25215/0704.016 http://www.ijip.in | October- December, 2019 Research Paper Breeding and processing of wool specially hair fibres: evaluation of animal fibers for use in textile products Nandita Maisnam1* ABSTRACT Textile products are composed of a range of materials and fibers. The natural protein fibers that are currently used in textile production such as wool, mohair, and silk can be very costly to the manufacturer and consumer. A non-traditional protein animal fiber, such as dog hair, can prove to be a cheaper, environmentally friendly, and very suitable substitute for the traditional protein fibers used today in textile processing. The use of this abundant protein fiber is very possibly a promising new avenue for the textile industry. Results show it would be reasonable to consider dog fiber as a possibility for conversion into staple yarns. With strength, percent strain, and modulus, as a basis, dog fibers would perform equally as well as traditionally used animal fibers, and possibly better in certain instances. Keywords: Wool, Fiber, Animal Fiber, Mohair, Yarns, Garment Fibre has been of great importance to man and rank second only to food in their usefulness. Animal fibres are largely those which cover mammals such as sheep, goats and rabbits, but also include cocoon of the silk-worm as well as feather from poultry. Globally natural Fibres contribute about 48% to the fibre basket with 38% from cotton, 8% from bast and allied fibres and 2% from wool and silk fibres.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Communications Sensory Evaluation of Different Pashmina
    Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 42, September 2017, pp. 353-358 Short Communications Sensory evaluation of different pashmina They identified two common factors, namely ‘lustre shawls and depth sensation’ and ‘surface roughness sensation’ as the principal factors of fabric aesthetics. D B Shakyawar1,a, V V Kadam2, Ajay Kumar2, Bacci et al.5 assessed fabrics manufactured with S R Mathuriya1 & Pramod Kumar1 100% Sardinian sheep wool and with local Tuscan 1Uttar Pradesh Textile Technological Institute, Kanpur, 208 001, India wool (50% Sardinian and 50% Comisana sheep wool). 2Textile Manufacture & Textile Chemistry Division, These fabrics were subjected to sensory evaluation Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, India performed by a trained panel, and to an instrumental Received 27 March 2015; revised received and accepted 2 March 2016 evaluation method through FAST. They investigated the correlation between instrumental data and sensory Pashmina shawls prepared from different hand spun, machine attributes. The principal component analysis (PCA) spun and blended yarns have been evaluated subjectively. The important handle properties, such as softness, smoothness, lustre indicated a high correlation for grittiness, stiffness and and total hand value, have been assessed by sensory evaluation force of compression in one direction, whereas tensile through expert judges of different age and gender. The correlation stretch, softness, warmth and fullness in the opposite coefficient between the groups for individual property has been direction thus clearly discriminating these fabrics. This determined. The softness and smoothness values show highest discrimination appears to be an effect of the wool used agreement between different groups followed by smoothness and total hand value.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Textiles™
    Digital Textiles™ Following is a list of images included in Digital Textiles™. Most images are shown in two magnifications, and more than one example is shown of some, resulting in well over 1500 images in the complete set. So while this list does contain the repetition of multiple examples or magnifications, it should give you a good idea as to the content and coverage of the topic of textiles offered by Digital Textiles™. Volume 1: Natural Fibers PART 1: COTTON AND OTHER SEED HAIR FIBERS Cotton boll Photomicrographs of cotton fiber Photomicrographs of cotton fiber—cross section Picker lap Card sliver Drawn sliver Roving Filling yarn (untreated) Warp yarn (treated) Greige goods Bleached goods Dyed and finished goods Printed and glazed goods Pima cotton Organically colored cotton boll Organically colored cotton sliver Organically colored cotton knit Egyptian cotton organically colored washcloth Certified organically grown cotton t-shirt Organically colored, organically grown cotton So-called “green” cotton Recycled denim pencil and paper Cotton terry cloth Cotton batik Cotton shirting Cotton denim Cotton corduroy Cotton lace “Tussah” cotton Cotton drapery Mercerized cotton upholstery Cotton carpet Coir rug Kapok fiber Milkweed floss Volume 1: Natural Fibers PART 2: FLAX AND OTHER BAST FIBERS, AND MISC. CELLULOSICS Unbleached flax top Photomicrographs of flax fibers Photomicrographs of flax fibers—cross section Bleached flax top Handkerchief linen Linen damask Linen drapery Linen upholstery Ramie sliver Photomicrograph of cotton and ramie
    [Show full text]
  • Pashmina Fibre —Production, Characteristics and Utilization
    Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol. 38, June 2013, pp. 207-214 Review Article Pashmina fibre —Production, characteristics and utilization D B Shakyawar1, A S M Raja1,a, Ajay Kumar1, P K Pareek1 & S A Wani2 1Division of Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, India 2 Division of Livestock Product Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences-K, Srinagar 190 001, India Received 17 February 2012; revised received and accepted 28 May 2012 Pashmina, popularly known as ‘Cashmere’, is well known for its fineness, warmth, softness, desirable aesthetic value, elegance and timelessness in fashion. It is most luxurious, softer and warmer than superfine merino wool. The word pashmina is originated from a word ‘pashm’ means ‘soft gold’ in local language, and ‘wool’ in Persian language. India produces about 40-50 tonnes of fibre annually. The fibre is mostly used for preparing shawls with intricate designs by the artisans of Srinagar. An attempt has been made to provide comprehensive review covering production, processing and utilization aspects of pashmina fibre. Keywords: Cashmere, Dehairing, Fibre, Pashmina, Shawl, Wool 1 Introduction these countries, Australia, Britain and New Zealand Speciality animal fibres have special attributes of also produce this cashmere fibre. However, it is worth fineness, softness and lustre that are rarely associated to note that the qualities of fibre produced in different with any other fibres. Besides adding softness or countries is not same. There is significant variation in lustre to the product, specialty hair fibres in many fibre qualities. Therefore, it is named based on its cases have glamour of being very rare.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloading Or Purchasing Online At
    Properties, Processing and Performance of Rare and Natural Fibres A review and interpretation of existing research results OCTOBER 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/150 Properties, Processing and Performance of Rare Natural Animal Fibres A review and interpretation of existing research results by B.A. McGregor October 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/150 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-002521 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-333-8 ISSN 1440-6845 Properties, Processing and Performance of Rare Natural Animal Fibres: A review and interpretation of existing research results Publication No. 11/150 Project No. PRJ-002521 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production (New Revised Version) ISBN 92-5-103441-9
    Food E5 and zco Agriculture Organization of the United Nations THE RABBIT Husbandry, health and production Rabbits reared with techniques adapted to specific environments can do much to improve the family diet of many of the neediest rural families, at the same time supplying a regular source of income. The purpose of this work is to bring to- gether as fully and objectively as possible all the available data on rabbit husbandry, health and production. It is also intended as a contribution to the preparation and execution of rabbit development pro- grammes, particularly in developing countries. A team of scientists from the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), a world-renowned rabbit author- ity, was marshalled to cover the many and varied aspects of rabbit production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series No. 21 ISSN 1010-9021 THE RABBIT Husbandry, health and production (new revised version) by F. Lebas Agricultural Engineer P. Coudert Veterinary Surgeon H. de Rochambeau Agricultural Engineer R.G. Thébault Engineer (INRA) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1997 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. David Lubin Memorial Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Lebas, F. The rabbit: husbandry, health and production (new revised version) ISBN 92-5-103441-9 (FAO Animal Production and Health Series, no.
    [Show full text]