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The Inherited PAN's Vocalic Phonemes in Gayo Language

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The Inherited PAN's Vocalic Phonemes in Gayo Language International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Research Paper The Inherited PAN’S Vocalic Phonemes in Gayo Language Dardanila, Mulyadi, Isma Tantawi Department of Indonesian Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Dardanila ABSTRACT There is a kin relationship between Proto-Austronesian language (PAN) and Gayo language (GL). This paper describes the inheritance of PAN‟s vowel phonemes in GL and uses oral and written data. Due to oral data collection we used the conversation method plus hook technique which is used as the basic technique. Furthermore, the advance conversation technique is also used as well as recording and noting techniques. In case of written data we used observation method which is extended by noted tapping technique. Assessment of data involves historical-comparative method, followed by equivalence method with particular element sorting technique which is accompanied by power differentiation of speech organs. And proceed using the method of matching with the technique of separating the decisive element with the differentiation sorting power of speech organs. Then it is followed by comparative equation technique and contrastive equation technique. The results show that linear inheritance (retention) and vowel phoneme innovation in GL are found, namely the refelection of vowel phoneme * a tends to become / a / and its variants are / o /, / E /, / l /, and / u /, the * i becomes / i / with variants / a /, / l /, / E /, the * u becomes / u / with variants / l / and the * l becomes / l / with variants / o /, / E /, and / i /. Keywords: inheritance, vocalic phonemes, Proto-Austronesia (PAN), Gayo language INTRODUCTION The PAN becomes the home for As one of linguistic branches the international languages in South-East Asia comparative historical linguistics studies and some of them are Indonesian languages. language development from one time to Gayo language another, looks at the way in which Gayo language is communicated by languages change, and examines the causes Gayo people who inhibit the Central Aceh of change in the language. This branch and Bener Meriah regencies in Aceh studies the forms and meanings of kin Province (Dardanila, 2005). The problem in language as the reflection of the same this paper refers to the inherited form of historical heritage. PAN‟s vocalic phonemes in Gayo language, Proto-Austronesian languages which are covering Swadesh‟s 200 The Proto-Austronesian (PAN) vocabularies. The inheritance shows language records the original languages (or whether the PAN‟s vocalic phonemes in parent language) which undergo changes in Gayo language undergo retention or their derivative languages (Blust, 2013). innovation and all this can be understood by International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 172 Vol.5; Issue: 9; September 2018 Dardanila et.al. The Inherited PAN’S Vocalic Phonemes in Gayo Language involving a qualitative comparative method. /a/ The rules are then written in the following MATERIALS AND METHODS format: * / a /> / a / #_ Data assessment utilizes the comparative method in the area of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparative Historical Linguistics which The inheritance of PAN‟s phonemes in can be used to examine linguistic forms, PAN‟s derivative languages is divided into especially cognate sets between kin two categories: languages and other kin languages and in 1. The inheritance that maintains its this case, between etymons in Gayo and in phonemic features is called linear PAN. The historical nature of this study lies inheritance. in the use of Austronesian etymons in order 2. The inheritance involves phoneme to find reflection in Gayo language changes both the changes between the proto (Dardanila, Robert Sibarani, Aron Meko phonemes and their derived phonemes, as Mbete, dan Dwi Widayati, 2016). well as the proto phonemes in their derived The comparative method is languages split, cracking, metathesis, accompanied by comparing method apheresis, syncope, apocope, prothesis, (Sudaryanto, 1993: 13) which is functional epenthesis, paragog and self-service and all to match or align the Gayo language as a this is called inheritance of innovation. The derived language with PAN as its deciding derived phonemes in Gayo language element. This comparing method is directly inherit PAN‟s phonemes but there expanded by the involvement of articulatory are some of them which undergo shape phonetics method; the articulatory phonetics innovations. The PAN‟s vowel phonemes refers to all human speech generated by such as /*i/, /*u/, /*|/, and /*a/ generally speech organ activity which produces occupy all positions either in the initial, different forms of linguistic sounds. This medial (center), and final (final) positions articulatory phonetics method is then and inherit /i/, /u/, /|/, and /a/. followed by both connecting and comparing Data 1. technique and contrastive equation The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal technique. We tried to find the similarities phoneme /*i/ in the initial position and the differences between PAN and Gayo PAN Gayo Gloss language. Thus, the results of the *iket ikot ikat „to tie‟ comparison described the similarities and Data 2. the differences between the determinant The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal elements and the specified elements. For phoneme /*i/ in the final position example, PAN Gayo Gloss *wiri kiri kiri „left‟ 1. Vocalic phoneme *a > /a/ can be read Data 3 as: The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal PAN BS GLOSS phoneme /*i/ in the medial position *asu asu anjing„dog‟ PAN Gayo Gloss The rule in (1) may be studied using *hudip murip hidup „to live comparative equation technique (or or alive‟ connecting and comparing technique) since Data 4. the vocalic phoneme in the medial position The inheritance of PAN‟s innovative is undergoing a linear inheritance process in phoneme /*i/ in the medial position their derived language i.e. the *a remains to PAN Gayo Gloss be /a/ in Gayo language. This reflection can *bisul barah bisul ‟boil/ulcer‟ be described as follows: *lain len lain „another‟ */a/ *dilah delah lidah „tongue‟ International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 173 Vol.5; Issue: 9; September 2018 Dardanila et.al. The Inherited PAN’S Vocalic Phonemes in Gayo Language The data 1-4 show that the inheritance of /, and / e /. The phoneme / e / as a moderate PAN‟s linear vocal phoneme / *i / in Gayo and medial vowel is undergoing a change to language are available in the initial, middle, become the phoneme / o / which is a and final positions and successfully inherit moderate and back vowel; then, the proto the linear phoneme / i /. When being phoneme / *e / changes its sound to become analyzed with connecting technique it can the phonemes / i / which is high and front be concluded that the proto phoneme / *i / vowel. The proto phoneme / * e / also inherits the linearly high vowel and the undergoes sound change to become the medium and low vowels. The inheritance phoneme / e / which is a moderate, front (or the reflection) of the phoneme / *i / is vowel, as shown below. shown in the following diagram: PAN Gayo gloss *i *ipen ipon gigi „teeth‟ *lempit lipet lipat „to fold‟ a i l e *tanem tanom tanam „to plant‟ Gayo Gayo Gayo Gayo The innovative inheritance (or the Data 5. reflection) of the proto phoneme / * e / in The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal Karo, Alas, and Gayo languages can be seen phoneme / *u / in the initial position. in the following diagram. PAN Gayo Gloss *e *utan uten hutan „forest‟ o i E e Data 6. Gayo Gayo Gayo Gayo The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal phoneme / *u / in the medial position. Data 10. PAN Gayo Gloss The phonemic inheritance of PAN‟s linear *kutu kutu kutu „lice‟ vowel /*a/ in the initial position. Data 7. PAN Gayo Gloss The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal *asu asu anjing „dog‟ phoneme / *u / in the final position. Data 11. PAN Gayo Gloss The phonemic inheritance of PAN‟s linear *„abu wau abu „ash‟ vowel /*a/ in the medial position. PAN Gayo Gloss Data 8. *bat‟ah basah basah „wet‟ The inheritance of PAN‟s innovative vowel Data 12. phoneme / *u / in the final position. The phonemic inheritance of PAN‟s linear PAN Gayo Gloss vowel /*a/ in the final position. *„ibu‟ ine ibu „mother‟ PAN Gayo Gloss The inheritance (or the reflection) can be *qasira sira garam „salt‟ described in the following diagram. Data 13. *u The phonemic inheritance of PAN‟s innovative vowel /*a / in the initial position. u e PAN Gayo Gloss Data 9. *„aka uyet akar „roots‟ The inheritance of PAN‟s linear vocal Data 14. phoneme / *e / in the medial position. The phonemic inheritance of PAN‟s PAN Gayo Gloss innovative vowel /*a/ in the medial position. *belah belah belah „split‟ PAN Gayo Gloss The PAN‟s phoneme / *e / in the closed *buhat buet kerja „to work‟ syllable undergoes changes in Gayo *na‟ava kesah napas „to breathe‟ language appearing as the phonemes / o /, / i *tanah tanoh tanah „soil‟ International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 174 Vol.5; Issue: 9; September 2018 Dardanila et.al. The Inherited PAN’S Vocalic Phonemes in Gayo Language Data 15. Blust, R.A. 2013. The Austronesian The phonemic inheritance of PAN‟s Languages.Australia:Asia-Pasific innovative vowel /*a / in the final position. Linguistics. PAN Gayo Gloss Dardanila. 2005. “Bunyi Vokal Bahasa *buŋa buŋe bunga „flower‟ Gayo Dialek Gayo Lut”. Dalam Jurnal *kita kite kita „we‟ Ilmu-ilmu Bahasa dan sastra “LOGAT” *lima lime lima „five‟ Vol.1 No.1, 1-5. Dardanila. 2012. Conjunction in Gayo The inheritance (or the reflection) of the Language. Bangkok: International proto phoneme / * a / in Gayo can be Conference Language in Southeast Asia II. described in the following diagram: Dardanila. 2015. The Types of Sound the *a Proto Austronesia into Gayo Language.
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