“Conservation and Management of Priority Wetland Habitats Habitats Wetland Priority of Management and “Conservation The Conference is organized within the LIFE+ Project Project LIFE+ the within organized is Conference The Conservation andManagement Laimdota Kalniņa,OļģertsAleksāns,Krišjānis Libauers Guide for the Conference on on Conference the for Guide Contribution from MāraPakalne, LīgaStrazdiņa, in Latvia”-LIFE13NAT/LV/000578 ofWetland Habitats Compiled by MartaBaumane UNIVERSITY OFLATVIA July 11-12,2017 2017 1

Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats 2

July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) Estonian Environmental Investment Centre. Project co-financers: LatvianEnvironmental Protection Fund Administration and Technology Development Fund andRIDemoLtd. Fond), BUNDDiepholzerMoorniederung, EBuvvadiba Ltd, Foundation Modern Project associatebeneficiaries:EstonianFund for Nature (SA Eestimaa Looduse Project coordinating beneficiary:University ofLatvia funded by European Commission LIFE+Programm. of PriorityWetland HabitatsinLatvia”–LIFE13NAT/LV/000578. Theproject is Conference isorganised by theLIFE+project “Conservation andManagement 63 60 56 48 42 37 23 11 8 4 CONTENTS

List ofParticipants Raunas Staburags Sudas-Zviedru Mire Melnais Lake Mire Mire Types Mire Development inLatvia Abstracts ofPosterPresentations Abstracts ofOralPresentations Introduction Conference Programme 3

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July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) CONFERENCE PROGRAMME 13.00 12.40 12.20 12.00 11.40 11.10 10.50 10.30 10.10 10.00 9.30 1 Jelgavas Str., Riga Conference venue -Academic Center for Natural Sciences, July,11 Tuesday Sciences Andrey Sirin,Instituteof Forest Science RussianAcademy of Peatland diversity andrestorationinRussia Reijo Hokkanen, Parks&Wildlife Finland Peatland restorationexperience fromFinland Andrew Cole, Natural England (United Kingdom) Peatland restorationinLIFECumbria BogLIFEproject Karen Poulsen,PeterHahn, DanishNature Agency Denmark Restoration ofa5.000haraisedbog-anexamplefrom Coffee break,postersession Nerijus Zableckis, LithuanianFund for Nature LIFE Aukštumala(Lithuania) Jüri-Ott Salm,Marko Kohv, EstonianFund for Nature Estonia LIFE Mires Estonia,Raised bogrestoration experience in Māra Pakalne, University of Latvia Wetland conservation andmanagementinLatvia Toms Andersons,University of Latvia Opening oftheConference Registration Lunch 19.30 17.30 17.10 16.50 16.30 16.00 15.40 15.20 15.00 14.40 14.20 14.00 movie Introduction tothefieldtrip,presentationofaproject Franziska Tanneberger, Andrey Sirin Book Peatland conservation inEuropeandtheEuropeanMires Jürgen Augustin, Anke Günther, Gerald Jurasinski, Germany Dominik Zak, Jörg Gelbrecht, BärbelTiemeyer, Rob McInnes, rewetted peatlands How tomanageandmonitorcarbonsequestrationin Coffee break,postersession Oļģerts Aleksāns,University of Latvia project Wetlands (Latvia) Hydrological studiesandmonitoringwithintheLIFE Ab Grootjans, Leslaw Wolejko, OļģertsAleksāns,Māra Pakalne Wetland researchinSlītereNationalPark (Latvia) Meelis Tambets, Mart Thalfeldt, Eesti Loodushoiu Keskus Freshwater habitatsinEstoniaandLIFE Viktar Fenchuk, APB-BirdLife Belarus outcomes andchallenges Large scalepeatlandrestorationprojectsinBelarus- Agnese Priede,Nature Conservation Agency Recently developed MireRestoration Guidelinesfor Latvia Olga Galanina,St.Petersburg University region, Russia) Diversity ofmiretypesinkarstlandscapes(Arkhangelsk University ofLatvia,Kandavas Street 2 Social evening intheBotanicalGardenof the Closing remarks 5

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July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) 20.00 19.30- 17.00 14.00 13.00 9.30 9.00 12 July,12 Wednesday Arrival in Riga,Bellevue Park Hotel, SlokasStreet 1 Field triptoRaunas Staburags NatureReserve Field triptoSudas-Zviedru MireinGaujaNationalPark Lunch break Field triptoMelnais Lake MireNatureReserve Departure fromRiga,Bellevue Park Hotel, SlokasStreet 1 Academic Centre for NaturalSciences oftheUniversity ofLatvia, Jelgavas Street 1,Riga Botanical Garden oftheUniversity ofLatvia,Kandavas Street 2,Riga Bellevue Park Hotel, SlokasStreet 1,Riga 7

Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats 8

July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) Wetlands exhibition, photo exhibition and four films. five informative booklets, as well preparingas creating a and mobile interactive website multimedia project the creating mires the of management and • the in general public; and experience professionals the of to habitats wetlands’ transfer of protection the and restoration to contributing thus groups, interest • of mires vegetation; Hogweed changes of (monitoring) observation long-term perform Sosnowsky’s to fens, and mires invasive of areas sosnowskyi Heracleum original growing the restore reduce to and vegetation, mires the in conditions humidity continuous • fens, andspring fens, includingtheirplant andanimalspecies; especially protected habitats of Latvian and EU raised bogs, transition mires, • The Latvia andEuropean Union. for valuable are that habitats the of protection and conservation ensure to The project aim is to implement wetland protection and restoration measures Union (BUNDDiepholzer Moorniederung). Lowland Fen Diepholzer and Fond) Looduse Estonian Eestimaa (SA Nature Fund, for Fund Development Technology Modern Ltd., Būvvadība E Ltd., implemented by the University of Latvia and five project partners – RIDemo and program LIFE+ EC EnvironmentalLatvian Protectionof Administration Fund. the project is The the by funded is project The 2017. – 2013 during Priority of Wetland Management Habitats in and Latvia” (Ref.No. “Conservation LIFE13 NAT/LV/000578) project the is implemented Latvia, and Union European the for both important are that habitats the maintain to order In natural of restoration wetlands. and conservation the to attention increasing pays human existence, without them, there can be no life on the earth. The world Introduction objectives oftheproject: To educate the public about the necessity of protection, conservation various the for seminars international and national organize To ensure to habitats; miresprotected Toof management the perform for status favourable most the ensure to sites, project the At play an important role in the essential processes of nature and nature of processes essential the in role important an play in spring fens habitats, to clean shrubs in transition in shrubs clean to habitats, fens spring in precipitation. The most common bryophytes are Raised bogs (7110) Protected vernicosus species – sundew leaved ha). Frequent rarities that could be found in the wet depressions are oblong- (2646 Mire Bažu is SNP in mire largest The Latvia. of territory the covered Sea Littorina the when ago, years thousand 4-7 formed is area unique This ( depressions wet narrow, between interspersed Latvian), ( dunes inter-dune150-180 protectunique of consistingcomplex, Slītere National Park Project or watercourse small a lake, little a wetland area withdampsoil. of form a in found be can they flow, groundwater.constanthavingof inflow water of quantity the on Depending (7160) fens spring and springs Mineral-rich In landscapes. open Latvia could befound very rarely. in and forests in both found be can They travertine). tufa, (lime lime of deposits freshwater form water calcareous with springs (7220) (Cratoneurion) formation tufa with springs Petrifying (vigas). the into turning mires.lakesTheybogs, raised of depressionsoccuredges boggy the and on wetlands or lakes overgrowing of process the in formed (7140) bogs quaking and mires Transition natural the restore to hydrology exists andwhere peatformation isexpected in30years. possibility the where areas bog the habitats These also extraction. comprise peat for used is bog of part where taking or changed is or possible is regeneration (7120) place natural where bogs raised Degraded bog plants tousenutrients contained therein. because up to 10 m thick peat layer covers the mineral soil and prevents the nutrients, fewvery a have bogs Raised bog. peat the “creators”of main the sites Paludella squarrosa, Buxbaumia viridis, Dicranum viride, Drepanocladus . habitatsintheprojectsites: are the mires, where the natural hydrological regime has been has regime hydrological natural the where mires, the are Drosera intermedia Drosera are habitats getting water and nutrients from atmospheric is especially protected nature area that is established to , fen orchid fen , r hbtt ta oiial are originally that habitats are are the springs and spring fens spring and springs the are Liparis loeselii Liparis Sphagnum species, which are are sites, where sites, are vigas and rare moss rare and in Latvian). in kangari in 9

Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats 10 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

ancient Gauja River Valley. The current Gauja Valley was formed by derogation Gauja National Park aue eev i priual iprat o rr bypye communities maintaining bryophyte rare for important particularly is Reserve Nature with tufa formation that reaches up to 3.5 m in height and 17 m in width. The Reserve Nature Staburags Raunas apricaria, Aquila chrysaetos like Cypripedium calceolus, rarities Schistostega pennata for important is area The world. the in kind its of Transboundary Ramsar Site, which chronologically is the fifth protected area complex of mires. Part of the Nature Reserve Reserve is included in Nature the North Livonian Mires Ziemeļu springs with tufaformation ( Petrifying habitat protected and rare River, Vaide of riverside the grass deer like species plant rare maintain habitats bog raised where ha) (2575 Sudas-ZviedruMire the is area the in mire largest The Park. National the in common are grasslands natural and lakes, rivers, mires, forests, i.e. Latvia, of glacier about 12-13 thousand years ago. Almost all ecosystems typical to Trichophorum cespitosum Trichophorum Palustriella commutata, Cratoneuron filicinum,Pelliaendiviifolia was established to protect the unique nature object, the Cratoneurion Fig. 1 . L ocations ofthe project sites. a cetd o te rtcin f large a of protection the for created was . In the other project site, Dāvida Springs by Springs Dāvida site, project other the In . ) occupies area of3ha. protects unique petrifying spring habitat spring petrifying unique protects , and birds Anser albifrons, Pluvialis Betula nana Betula . , ABSTRACTS OFORAL PRESENTATIONS 11 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

12 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) positive effect both onsitehydrology andvegetation cover. sites in Latvia show that the raised bog restoration activities have a significant condition. Results of habitat and hydrological monitoring in the LIFE project cuspidatum vulgaris Calluna month after the raise of water level while die back of species of drier habitats of increase an is There areas. bog raised degraded the in risen has table water actions, Results of water monitoring show that after the implementation restoration data. areas are analysed from permanent vegetation relevesinfluenced and daily water level drainage the in habitats bog raised in rise level water the from hydrology,resultingsite and cover plant in to Changes modelling. hydrologicalfor data LIDAR of Prior use the including, performed, is gained. monitoring and studies was geological hydrological, experience vegetation, actions restoration restoration of implementation wetland positive evaluated are where 2017 to 2004 from starting projects LIFE seven of Results importance. European of habitats wetland for status conservation favourable most the of Aim areas. secure to measures projectmanagement and protectionintroduce to natureis project the protected programme especially in LIFE implemented Commission is “Wetlands” European wetlands, in influence drainage the Todiminish activities. management and conservation their of need the determining extraction, peat and drainage like activities, human variousby influencedare fens and bogs raised including Latvia, Wetlandsin Wetland conservation andmanagementinLatvia a idctr pce fr h ipoeet f ie hydrological site of improvement the for species indicator an , Sphagnum s bevd dang dths r clnsd by colonised are ditches drainage observed, is pce caatrsn wte hbtt aray six already habitats wetter characterising species University of Latvia Māra Pakalne Sphagnum Environmental Investment Centre. Project web-site: soo.elfond.ee. Estonian and Community European the of instrument financial LIFE the of contribution the with implemented is NAT/EE/000126) LIFE14 no: project Project “Conservation and Restoration of Mire Habitats” (LIFE Mires Estonia; questions are raised. still but population) Estonian times 3 than (more mln 5 is auditorium media reachedof size yearsthe 1.5 within mirerestoration– of aims the clarify to for nature conservation efforts in Estonia. Also media coverage is important commitment and understanding better creates this and planned been has Implementing monitoring and restoration actions, involvement of volunteers quadcopters and planesare usedfor larger spatialcoverage for plant cover. controlled Radio measures. restoration implemented of effects quantify to essential are cover plant and levels sustain water of Monitoring compiled. to be will methodology addition, In for conditions manipulation. forest also include Actions ha. 5800 in areas 2000) Natura (including mire affected of regime LIFE Mires Estonia actions are directed towards restoration of the hydrological situation, target habitat,andrestrictions (e.g. duetomanagement regime). previous and current of assessment included areas the Setting prioritized. been have areas restoration where (2016) Mires Protected for Plan Action adaptedEnvironment of Ministry Estonian priorities settingFor during lastcentury. destroyed mostly are which communities there fen restore Still, to efforts limited high. are as times national two almost and is LIFE) perspective future (e.g. near EU agencies from support and sector, NGO and academic has state, of role active to Due 2020 2020. by mires of ha 000 11 restore to targeted until (NCDP) Plan Development Conservation Nature Estonian LIFE MiresEstonia,Raised bogrestoration T. urogallus, L. lagopus L. urogallus, T. experience in Estonia Estonia in experience Jüri-Ott Salm,Marko Kohv Estonian Fund for Nature , amphibian , R. arvalis R. , and , Leucorrhinia

13 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

14 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) water level increased from 5to15cm. average the actions, management of year one after provedthat monitoring of wooded vegetation was cleared in damaged parts of the bog. Hydrological regrowth and forest of ha 105 total, In ditches. main the on installed dams bog. the in ditches composite also, plastic; and peat draining materials: different from built were of Dams km 100 about of function stopped which 382 separate water bodies. As a result, over 1200 dams have been installed, into active bogs; support good status of dystrophic lakes, which amounts to bogs raised degraded from conversion for preconditions of establishment conservation of for active conditions raised bogs favourable (7110*), of which predominate insurance in reserve; the reserve;telmological the in regime hydrological natural of restoration LIFE12NAT/LT/000965)“,at aims which Aukstumala Raised Bog in Nemunas Delta Regional Park (LIFEAUKSTUMALA of „Restoration project LIFE+ prepared Nature for Fund Lithuanian 2012 In on theuntouched partofthebog(>1000ha). of peat evenexcavationimpact peat years,thereforehuge 100 formorehas than it for used part was bog western The lagoon. in Curonian of Delta coastline the Nemunas on Lithuania in located is bog raised Aukstumala LIFE+ project “Restoration of Aukstumala RaisedBoginNemunas DeltaRegionalPark” LIFE+ project “Restoration of Aukstumala Raised Bog Bog Raised Aukstumala of “Restoration project LIFE+ in Nemunas Delta Regional Park” LIFEAukstumala LIFEAukstumala Park” Regional Delta Nemunas in LIFE12NAT/LT/000965 Nerijus Zableckis n Mse. hs sts ae cmie ae o 287a representing 2,807ha, around 50%oflowland raisedbogsinCumbria. of area combined a have sites These Mosses. and WoodRoudsea and Mosses, Solway South Moss,Fell Bolton sites: network 2000 Natura three within bog raised lowland degraded of restoration the targets project BogsLIFE+ Cumbrian The bogs. raised these restore to need conservation urgent an is bog, there Therefore, raised degraded. is lowland 1,178ha of which of 5,480ha has still England north-west in Cumbria of county The condition. poor in is area habitat the of quarters three while management activities such as peat cutting, drainage, forestry or agriculture, past by destroyed or damaged modified, been have bogs raised lowland of 90% to century.Up past the over 6,000ha, to 95,000ha from 94%, about by The area of relatively undisturbed lowland raised bog in the UK has diminished from aeriallaserscanning. dam- of bentonite and of plastic and how ditches, the work was planned using information closing as membranes establishing vegetation, woody such of felling piling, sheet building, activities and experiences presentation The the years. describes 10 these during collected been valuable and has 2007, experiences from conservation of act the since ongoing been has agricultural work Restauration for production. sphagnum drainage industrial for later by and purposes reduced been gradually has bog Starting the Denmark. 1760 in bog in raised of area the of half than more comprises Lille Vildmose is the largest lowland raised bog in Northwestern Europe and Peatland restorationinLIFECumbria BogLIFE project LIFE+ Lille Vildmose restoration of a 6.000 ha raised raised ha 6.000 a of restoration Vildmose Lille LIFE+ bog, methodsandpracticalexperiences Karen MargrethePoulsen LIFE Cumbria BogLIFE project The DanishNature Agency Andrew Cole 15 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

16 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) change mitigation”. climate and prevention fire for - Russia in Peatlands “Restoring project the the main driver for peatland restoration in Russia which can is be presented by fires peat of prevention Nowadays deposits. peat depleted of after-use the for method priority a as re-wetting defined (2006) Federation Russian the of CodeWater The (2003). Russia in Use and Conservation Peatland for Plan Action the Russia. in activity important in as marked was held restoration Peatlands been have workshops started restoration peatland restoration several 1997 Peatland since risks. and purposes, conservation firebiodiversity for mainly 1990s high in already and emissions (GHG) greenhouse to gas leading abandoned left were extraction peat for used and of millions several agriculture for drained were drained that areas reachedpeatland large 1990 Since hectares. forestry peatlands and only agriculture, part extraction, European peat for In activities. human by changed Peatlands occupy large part of Russia but in some areas have been seriously level water the that fluctuation afterrestoration seemstobesimilarpristinemires. e.g. show results latest The difficult. generalization of effects the on makes which studies, case series site single a on based time are restoration ecological existing the of Many network. monitoring results of restoration are evaluated by permanent and systematic restoration to remove trees, since trees lose a lot of moisture through transpiration. The achieved by completely filling in ditches by best excavator.is levels water Raising It again. is waterlogged permanently also become must often necessary mire the by restoration In funded government. Finnish Finland and projects – in Life EU restoration several mire of experience of years 25 is There Peatland restoration experience from Finland Finland from experience restoration Peatland Institute of Forest Science, RussianAcademy of Sciences Peatland restoration in Russia Russia in restoration Peatland Metsähallitus Parks&Wildlife Finland Reijo Hokkanen Andrey Sirin o-oenetl raiain. hs dto cn e sd s gie for guide practical action –from planningtothe implementation ofworks. a as used be can edition This and organisations. non-governmental municipalities, land local and private administration and public of managers employees habitat owners, – target practitioners The mainly applicability. their are assess audience to Latvia, in methods tested even never or known less using by restoration habitat experimental out carried also team project The conditions. similar geographically or Latvia in tested The and springs.Therecommendations provided for intheguidelines have been Directive. Habitats the of I haveguidelines volumes,six in issued been devoted is them of one miresto Annex the in listed habitats freshwater and terrestrial of restoration and management, conservation, at aimed are Programme for Natura 2000 Sites” (LIFE11 NAT/LV/000371). The guidelines developed within the LIFE+ project „National Conservation and Management In 2014–2017, guidelines for the restoration of protected habitats have been also. nearestkarstsingle mires. Forested mires effectspring with were observed attaching by expanded are bogs large that seems It parts. peripheries their the got on concentrated riversides pools rounded visible distinctly with complexes both ridge-pool of watersheds the on situated bogs Oligotrophic four different mires; two of them showing are made situated were on maps the vegetation White scale Sea-Kuloicover.Large plant Plateau. of structure heterogeneous have them of some and formation, their of stages different miresareponds paludified and forMires typical landscapes. local the are on karst of Plenty depressions. small and sink-holes the in development mire and limestone bedrocks of Perm period. Surface karst processes may initiate gypsum karstic on formed are They Russia. European the of NW Rivers, Pinega and Dvina Northern the of flow middle the in studied were mires The Recently developed mirerestorationguidelinesfor Latvia Diversity ofmiretypesinkarstlandscapes (Arkhangelsk region, Russia) Russia) region, (Arkhangelsk St. PetersburgStateUniversity Nature Conservation Agency Agnese Priede Olga Galanina 17 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

18 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) ie a seis rtcin fr xml poet fr rgnl and dragonfly for projects example for - amphibian conservation (“Dragonlife” and“Baltrit”). protection species at aimed projects funded LIFE other of scope the within addressed been has bodies water of quality the improvingprojects, mentioned above the to addition In habitats related tothem invarious sitesaround Estonia. and springs of conditions the improve and restore protect, to aims project The 7220*). type (habitat formation tufa with springs Petrifying on focuses - “Springday” - project third The managed. were meadows floodplain and restored, were regimes hydrological and channels river natural project the of scope the Within 6450). type (habitat related meadows and floodplain and 3260) oxbows type habitat (EU rivers on focused were “HappyRiver” conservation for wetlands and their species. Two of them - “HappyFish” and habitat at aimed LIFE-fundedprojects three on focus will presentation This within theNatura2000network hasbeentheEULIFEfinancialinstrument. drawn channeleddifferentfrom have sources. importantOnefunding measureareas for been have themes funding of Water-related amounts increasing and attention, Estonia. public significant in momentum gained have Over the last decade efforts to protect and restore different types of wetlands and resent casesofconcrete peatlandrestoration projects. by peatlands drained of 2030. The talk 15% will summarize the results of peatland restoration in least Belarus at restoring of target ambitious more even sets 2015-2030 for (peatlands) mires of use sustainable on strategy National The country. the throughout sites peatland 30 than more of at restored been terms in Europe in countries havepeatlands degraded of hectares 50’000 as much as far So restoration. leading the of one is Belarus Large scalepeatlandrestorationprojectsinBelarus– Freshwater habitats in Estonia and LIFE LIFE and Estonia in habitats Freshwater outcomes and challenges challenges and outcomes Meelis Tambets, MartThalfeldt APB-BirdLife Belarus Viktar Fenchuk Wildlife Estonia . tracers ofgroundwater flow. is planned researchto find the source Furtherof the deep water.groundwater using stable isotopes as surface as lakes the towards flowing is or side othergroundwaterthe on again valleyinfiltrates entersthe and side one on cold anoxic, that suggested also temperature and measurements potential Redoxside. opposite the the at measuredwere values low while side, at southern measured were between values pH parameters and EC all High valley. the in of sides differences two the large found We mire. the across transect a in profiles peat the in pH and potential redox temperature, (EC), There is no obvious outlet in the valley. We a measured Electrical Conductivity is which lakes. two mire, and bogs fens, Peterzera of consists that ridges in dune between valley out long carried research the on report will We within thepark. mires dune protected the of hydrology the influence negatively might Park National of boundaries the outside plantations pine and areas agricultural upstream because from, comes groundwater mineral-rich the to where know relevant is It away. not. far are from comes others probably groundwater the mineral groundwater, The mineral-rich by fed is valley One flow. groundwater differencein by caused be to appear mires dune neighbouring fens and others have developed as bogs. The large difference in vegetation in weremires some why out find eco-hydrologicalto ordershort research in a out carried we 2016 and 2009 In water). rain by (fed bogs are others while because some of the dune valleys are fens (fed by calcareous groundwater), 4000 and 5000 years old. Also ecologically these small mires are interesting, betweenare most but age in differ and of coast the along parallel situated are sequence interesting very a harbours coastal wetlands (dune valleys), Latvia which all contain peat. The in inter-dunal mires Park National Slitere Eco-hydrological analysis of groundwater flow in in flow groundwater of analysis Eco-hydrological Ab Grootjans,OļģertsAleksāns,Lesław Wołejko, MāraPakalne Peterzera mire(SlitereNationalPark) Latvia 19 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

20 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) r vn h rmvl f h dgae pa lyr s eomne. Both recommended. is layer peat degraded the of removal the carbon even organic or labile extract to hydrophytes or helophytes of harvesting and cognizant of the realities of financial constraints on restoration projects, knowledge, existing on Based outcomes. restoration best the securing for controlling carbon turnover and their relative importance over time is degraded. essential The knowledge of the driving factors minerotrophic and biogeochemical processes degraded retarded up to centuries, in particular if the peat of upper soil layers is highly be of can functions ecological restoration their of rehabilitation the full However, peatlands. is the carbon through change of climate of sequestration mitigation the for strategy important An the degradationofecosystems. reduce significantly or stop to possible is it mitigation, impact negative the on focused been haveTakenmire. which correctiveactions, appropriate the ecosystemthe local of the on negativeimpacts reducedrain-induced to the implement to habitat restoration methods and hydrological effective regime optimization morein the raised and bogs is simplest the of One diversity. species animal and plant also habitats, bog and ecosystem mire whole the of functioning the increases peatlands drained in level groundwater the of rise The there. growing species plant of variety a for conditions necessary all provides that function ecosystem of aspects all on influence direct a has geology, underlying depth, topography, water peat chemistry and type of peat. The active raised etc.), bog (7110*) areas catchment bog raised flows, (water hydrology bog raised the of understanding especially data, of kinds The complexities of raised bog management and restoration require various How tomanageandmonitorcarbonsequestrationin Hydrological studies and monitoring within the the within monitoring and studies Hydrological Dominik Zak,Jörg Gelbrecht,BärbelTiemeyer, Rob McInnes, Jürgen Augustin,Anke Günther, Gerald Jurasinskis LIFE project Wetlands (Latvia) (Latvia) Wetlands project LIFE rewetted peatlands peatlands rewetted Oļģerts Aleksāns University of Latvia be evaluated by asimplified monitoringstrategy. could sequestration carbon to respect with strategies restoration different of effectiveness The questionable. however,was sequestration carbon peatlands, on effect the of rewetting after emissions (GHG) gas greenhouse elevated and eutrophication internal the break to useful be can measures for theentire continent. integrated and country each for individually use, restoration and distribution, conservation, extent, terms, types, peatland and mire describes book the authors, 134 by Written Europe. biogeographic in peatlands and mires of overview up-to-date and – comprehensive a – provideshistory in time of first (IMCG) the for Group peatlands Conservation and Mire International “Mires the book of Europe” new The services. ecosystem additional include to widened has attention decades, recent In landscapes. beautiful these protect to desire the kindled peatland also degradation peatland of Massive use. variety largest the and intensity, highest the the with history,continent the longest also is Europe fauna. and flora of treasure large a harbour and biodiversity ecosystem unique represent Europe of peatlands and mires the fens: saline bogs, blanket marshes, of coastal fens, percolation and spring bogs, eccentric variety and concentric mires, impressive aapa and palsa, an Polygon, peatlands. features continent European The Peatland conservation in Europe and and Europe in conservation Peatland Franziska Tanneberger, Andrey Sirin the „European Mires Book” Book” Mires „European the 21 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

22 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

ABSTRACTS OF OF ABSTRACTS Poster PRESENTATIONS 23 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

24 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) ie ye ws ifrn. h ms itnie epne hdooia and (hydrological hydrochemical) was found inminerotrophic response spruce mires. intensive most The different. was types mire hydrochemistry, runoff and vegetation were monitored. Response of distinct fluctuation, table Water implemented. be to started restoration of success the evaluating at aimed monitoring complex 2005, Since well. as restored of km 62 with area blocked ditches. 5 km of small mountain streams canalized in the past were the in restored already were ha 610 natural About by material. infilling and ditches drainage of damming was used technique of concept the restoration main The level. natural on its to water returning table water target based was Restoration degradation. mire hydrology stop disturbed restore to to and aim the with area the in implemented be to started Programme” Restoration “Mire a 1999, Since drainage. past by About two thirds of mires in the Šumava National Park have been influenced regime modification. hydrological the with associated field peat extracted in which and content, ash rates, degradation content, mineral pH, moisture, natural peat the in properties are changing during the extraction process.peat The main changes that occurred the that fact the to point results the research, the During measurments. composition analysis, density peat natural decomposition, botanical of degree and pH, susceptibility, magnetical method, ignition – on loss methods: laboratory includes Research properties. peat remaining investigate to was study this Therefore, re-cultivation. peat rural future of the to attention paid not does remaining peat layer properties. These results but are important in the planning it, renew to possibility the evaluated and vegetation investicated mainly are fields peat extracted the in far, So Characteristics of peat properties from extracted peatlands Reinis Bitenieks,LaimdotaKalniņa, JānisDreimanis,LīgaPaparde Restoration of mountain mires and streams in the the in streams and mires mountain of Restoration Sumava National park (Czech Republic) Republic) (Czech park National Sumava Administration of theSumava National Park Ivana Bufkova, Franisek Stibal University of Latvia peat hashigher volume of organics substances aswell aslower pH. the bog the of areas unaffected in Whereas, matter. mineral of amount and areas. In peatland affected areas the peat top layer has higher natural density affected differently in vary Lauga Bog in properties peat the suggest results obtained The results.the interpretationof the as well visualisationasprocessing and data out carry to computer etc.), TILIA, Several Excel, (e.g. composition.used were programmes botanical measurement, and susceptibility degree magnetic decomposition peat and conductivity pH, density, peat the of determination and analysis spore-pollen ignition, loss of analysis the to out obtaining carried a deposit core sample for further laboratory analysis. They included: were studies and drilling Field geologicalincluding changes their areas.and properties peatresearch Lauga Bog affected variously of deposit threedifferent differencesthreeboreholesin locations their in propertiesand peat compare and characterize research, to is work this of recultivation aim The effective most layers. peat remaining the the of properties the know forto important is it that method, recognized is it However, cover. degradedpeatlandvegetationmireobservingareas,naturemainlybyof the Nowadays an attention is being put on identifying and researching affected of around 50%oflowland raisedbogsinCumbria.representing ha, 2,807 of area combined a have sites These Mosses. and WoodRoudsea and Mosses, Solway South Moss,Fell Bolton sites: network 2000 Natura three within bog raised lowland degraded of restoration the targets project BogsLIFE+ Cumbrian The bogs. raised these restore to need conservation urgent an is there Therefore, bog, degraded. is raised ha 1,178 lowland which of of ha 5,480 has still England north-west in Cumbria of county The condition. poor in is area habitat the of quarters three while management activities such as peat cutting, drainage, forestry or agriculture, past by destroyed or damaged modified, been have bogs raised lowland of overcentury.ha, past 6,000 the to ha from90% 95,000 94%, to by about Up The area of relatively undisturbed lowland raised bog in the UK has diminished Changes ofpeatpropertiesinvariously influenced parts Jānis Dreimanis,LaimdotaKalniņa, IngrīdaKrīgere, LīgaPaparde The Cumbrian Bogs LIFE+ project project LIFE+ Bogs Cumbrian The LIFE Cumbria BogLIFE project of the Lauga Mire Mire Lauga the of Andrew Cole 25 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

26 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) idvriy n eoytm evc bnft o increased of benefits service the presence. ecosystem including outcomes, and and goals biodiversity reintroduction of description a Also and theissueswhichhave beenovercomeplants) so far. plug slime, beads, (i.e. goal this facilitate to trialled and developed of process the of description propagating a Including habitats. peatland upland into of reintroduction scale landscape facilitate to striving in Partnership Future the for Moors the of experience the of description A in degradedpeatlands. possible is recoveryvegetation conditions moisture optimal of case in Only after recoverydrainage and vegetationpeat extraction are influencing water level factors and thickness of main peat layer. that show results Inventory inventory, of 14 vegetation recovery options in peat stages milling fields are described. Different of result the In assessed. site. peatland one for characteristic arerecovery vegetation was possibilities restoration drainage and of system peatland, presence stages, of degradation type peatland vegetation, conditions, moisture Characteristic age. different of harvested includes peatlands and ha 200 33 reaches peatlands studied the of area peatlands in Latvia”. In total, 28 peatlands were surveyed all over Latvia. degraded Totalof re-use and management responsible and Sustainable REstore „LIFE CCM/LV/001103 LIFE14 project LIFE within 2016 in out carried are Latvia in peatlands cutaway post-harvested in vegetation of inventory The Sphagnum Inventory ofvegetation inpost-harvested cutaway peatlands within LIFE project Restore Restore project LIFE within peatlands Sphagnum reintroductioninuplandPeatlands(UK)– Laura Grīnberga,MāraPakalne te aiu iouain n itouto methods introduction and inoculation various the , Moors for theFuture Partnership thejourney sofar Richard Guy Sphagnum Sphagnum mosses whether thegoals for restoration willbeachieved. conclusion, it is vital to maintain long-term monitoring set-ups to understand functions. in peatland and however,processlong-term is, a peatlands restored of recovery of The recovery future for forestry vital is in This hydrology peatlands. of drained recovery rapid out pointed data comprehensive Our mires. spruce for observed were restoration after changes short-term significant Most communities. plant on also drainage of impacts significant yet reached the natural values. The analysis of plant community data shows targeted level of pristine sites. Peatland water quality has recovered, but not indicate to rises data level table water the restoration after hydrologicalyears of couple a within that The vegetation. and hydrology on restoration permanent of effects a ecological the of established monitoring quantative has for 2008 since Metsähallitus network of Finland Wildlife & Parks of theproject. Eriophorum angustifolium building bog by project the of One objectives is to create the right re-vegetation.conditions for re-vegetation of the bare peat preventing water much too was there pendula Betula birch by colonised rapidly was peat the areas drier the In objectives. major the of one levels water stabilising making heights varying at left were site Heavily drained and damaged through exploitation the peat levels within the over 5000recorded for somespeciesthisistheonly known UKsite. nightjar European breeding its for SPA a also is site SAC.The a is this which for Moors Hatfield and Thorne of complexmire raised lowland largest UK’s the restore to partnership €5.6m year three A Peatland Restoration Monitoring Network in Finland Finland in Network Monitoring Restoration Peatland Restoring theUK’s largestlowlandmirecomplex “Restoring theHumberhead Peatlands”LIFENAT/13/UK/000451 and the invasive the and Sphagnum Metsähallitus Parks&Wildlife Finland . Extensive community engagement is a critical part species as well as species such as cotton grass cotton as such species as well as species David Hargreaves Reijo Hokkanen Rhododendron ponticum Rhododendron Caprimulgus europeaus Caprimulgus and in some areas some in and with 27 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

28 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) carbon sink. A team of dedicated partners in Estonia (University of Tallinn),of (University Estonia in partners dedicated of team A sink. carbon a as function their restoring on focus with mainly dedicated is programme Mitigation Change Climate the of project LIFE first Restorea Peat LIFE With concern. conservation of species target certain for conditionsimprove to or quality habitat their recovering on focused was mostly past the in Europein peatlands of Restoration atmosphere. the with interaction their to due Beside their function as valuable habitats peatlands have a major importance and revealdifferent strong anthropogenic influence. are areas degraded from sections peat in properties of Changes by the groundwater and mineral sediments from the peat underlying including layers. influence anthropogenic is formed under the natural process, but deeper (lower) has been influenced usually section by of part middle The metals. characterized heavy of pollution atmospheric are section peat natural of part upper the and of Characteristics differences subdivided. be found can parts is three methods various by sections peat Researching peat extraction, heaffects mires andpeatproperties. Since the man decided to use peatland, dry up for the farmland expansion or took place mainly under the natural conditions in the result of climate change. and properties. Until the 20th century these changes in the territory of Latvia types peat influencing composition, plants peat-forming the in also appear by variety of conditions. Due to changes in plant feeding conditions changes Their distribution and characteristics change over time have been influenced vertically. and horizontally both grown have development the during Mires Influence ofchangesinnaturalconditions andhuman restoring degradedpeatlandsinNorthern European LIFE Peat Restore “Reduction of CO2 emissions by by emissions CO2 of “Reduction Restore Peat LIFE Laimdota Kalniņa, JānisDreimanis,IlzeOzola,Reinis Bitenieks, Lowland” (LIFE 15 CCM /DE /000138) /000138) /DE CCM 15 (LIFE Lowland” Inārs Dreimanis,IngrīdaKrīgere, JurisNusbaums activities on mire development development mire on activities Tom Kirschey, LetíciaJurema NABU cos ciai gain truhu te oten uoen oln. A Lowland. European Northern the types throughout peatland gradient degraded climatic different a of across ha 5.300 ca. restore to aims 2021 2016- (NABU) Germany and Przyrodnikow) (Klub Poland Ltd), Buvvadiba E (University of Latvia, Engure Lake Latvia Nature Park Fund, Foundation Assiciation), ELM Media, Producers Peat Nature, for Fund (Lithuanian Lithuania arx n mp rpeetd Bsn o assmn te cin and actions the assessment on Basing represented. maps and matrix services ecosystem in results and experts by assessed and developed are indicators biophysical – implemented was assessment services ecosystem mire’,where‘Lauga territory 2000 NATURA and area nature protected the - Latvia in territory pilot for study case the presented are There peatlands. economic assessment for sustainable management and re-use of degraded ecosystem for approach the discuss and present to is study the of aim The future on decisions for integration data and management anduseofresources andspatialdevelopment. losses or gains future net provides several benefits one of which is baseline data providing to measure the at role important ecosystemof servicesassessment and Mapping countries. AssessmentEuropean Union strategically a services. set been has supporting services ecosystem of and cultural categories: four regulating, following the provisioning, into divided be from can obtain and people ecosystems that using benefits the as defined are services Ecosystem restoration andbetter management. their fulfilling address the general public states to raise awareness on the importance member of peatland also the but Agreement, Paris UNFCCC the support to according requirements national to and policy climate European the Union serve to especially presented be will project the of Results required. if States Baltic the in especially types new defining by closed are catalogue GEST present the of gaps and 2011) al. et Couwenberg proxy, a (vegetationdirectmeasurementsapproachused GESTbeside GHG is as the water Tostabilization. table success,measuresproject the monitor and document and vegetation peat-forming of re-growth to the used support is specifically measures restoration experimental of also but classical of set Ecosystem services assessmentfor sustainable Elīna Konstantinova, LīgaBrunina,AijaPersevica management of degraded peatlands peatlands degraded of management 29 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

30 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

decd ertre wl pooe ad hs xeine a b transferred be can experience this and proposed will territories adjenced mire’and ‘Lauga of and management sustainable responsiblefor directions shoots. sheep grazing show significant decline in population premature and flowering favourable, not are abandonment and grazing of types all while species the results The 2014-2016. forfavourablemanagement only and most the is mowing that clearly show and and 2002-2004 premature in done juvenile, were of shoots flowering Counts management. different to reactions herb tall the study to established were control reservemowingand sheep, experimentalbyand areas4 grazing cattle with during LIFE Nature Project and massive 2002 restoration In works 2000. in since Luitemaa grazing Nature re-introducing by restoration extensive under and EU in habitats priority are which MeadowsCoastalBoreal Baltic inhabit are populations large region Pärnu populations In use. land its in changes the to Europedue declining in everywhere as Estonia In Asia. and Europe imbricatus G. also toother degradedpeatlands. Long term effect of different management regimes on on regimes management different of effect term Long the Gladiolus imbricatus the survival and population structure of of structure population and survival the s traee ad rtce seis f e gasad in grasslands wet of species protected and threatened a is Estonian University of Life Sciences Marika Kose in Estonian coastal meadows meadows coastal Estonian in . imbricatus G. population’s einl osue eosrcin ad tde o te etbihet at establishments Baltic raisedbogs. tree of studies and reconstructions moisture regional the second half of the 20th century. These observations are consistent with table in the Rėkyva wetland complex over the last 200 years, especially over water decreasing show Results rainfall. net the and runoff rivers level, lake table, table water bog raised between relationships significant Results statistically water show analysed. been and have complex climate wetland Rėkyva between the in fluctuations interactions study, this In across Lithuania. observed been have establishment bog-tree increased and levels lake seepage decreased bogs, drier towards shifts century, past the Over in experience planning other similarscaleprojects. significant a in giving resulted however, timetable, challenges in these shifts All significant estimates. work project the to changes of protests massive – significant as well as challenges assessment impact environmental full residents, local major of project number the a project, experienced the team During Latvia. in restoration wetlands of project re- by meadows meandering straightened floodplain Skudrupīte River. c) This isn’t the Bog, first, but the Raised largest Ķemeri of margin western the the of surroundings the in bog former peat quarry in Zaļais Bog, b) bog woodland and swamp forests along raised a) of: regime hydrological natural semi- or natural restore to and research hydrological detailed out carry to aims Park” National LIFE+ Ķemeri site. of 2000 regime hydrological NATURA the Park “Restoring National project Kemeri in 2011 on out carry to started were habitats wetland importance EU of hydrology of Restoration Reconstruction of long term water table fluctuations in in fluctuations table water term long of Reconstruction Johannes Edvardsson, Christophe Corona, Marija Tamkevičiūtė, Markus Stoffel Restoration of hydrology in Kemeri National Park Park National Kemeri in hydrology of Restoration Rita Linkevičienė, Rasa Šimanauskienė,JuliusTaminskas, Rėkyva wetland complex, Lithuania Lithuania complex, wetland Rėkyva Nature Conservation Agency Dana Lūse 31 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

32 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) o hs maueet t eaut te oe promne Te model The performance. performs well withafew exceptions. model model the ECOSSE evaluate to the measurements using these made to simulations compares It Scotland. East North in soils peatland from fluxes carbon gaseous and hydrological both of measurement the shows work My mind. in soils organic with designed was models, carbon soil other unlike and, conditions different in dynamics carbon soil simulate can model ECOSSE The measures. quality water and policies gas greenhouse understanding informing decisions, use land for of consequences the vital is this Predicting quality. water and structure soil concentrations, gas greenhouse atmospheric on repercussions with forms, alter soil C storage. Carbon is exported from soils in solid, liquid and gaseous and soils perturb can climate and use land in Changes this. of quantitylarge containing disproportionately cycle, a contain Peats store. carbon atmospheric global the times 3.1 the to importance great of is storage carbon Soil starts andsomeresults already obtained onsites. The poster will present a few examples of works done since the Life program new ones to enable the most optimal ecosystem rehabilitation on each case. develop and adapt or Jura the in years several for experimented techniques on rely beneficiaries etc.), topography,hydrology, (geomorphology, studies rivers regard, preliminary of After ha). (7 extraction’spits peat rehabilitationof re-watering this the or km) (12 the km), in Franche-Comté, (16 conducted drains of Jura are neutralization the the works including from Significant situation. bogs limestone 60 the in rehabilitate around to of aims functioning (2014-2020) overall program Life peatlands Jura The Hydrologic restorations in Life Jura peatlands (France) (France) peatlands Jura Life in restorations Hydrologic Measuring and modelling hydrological and gaseous gaseous and hydrological modelling and Measuring 1 Syndicat MixtedesMilieuxAquatiques duHaut-Doubs carbon emissions from peat peat from emissions carbon Genevieve Magnon 2 Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura Joseph Oyesiku-Blakemore University of Aberdeen 1 , PierreDurlet 2 established. became nation Estonian modern the and being, into came literature when them. The works derive from the past century and a half, as this is the period surrounding wetlands the with relationship Estonians’ the observe to order literary representations of mires appearing in 80 Estonian works of fiction in be artistic aspects; representationsmiresof have transforming.drawson been poster also The can perceptional that and change institutional ecological, historical from witnessed described have kinds, mire. different the of by represented to Mires often tend nature, abroad pristine and of dimension home the both include Estonia promote to today used Images shore overgrowing andbogging. lake fluctuations, levelwater are locations settlement their changed people Age Stone interpretations. the why and reasons essential resultsthe of one research that concludes previous Research as well as data authoress obtained on based is Research analysis. remain macroscopic and and pollen spore granulometric, as ignition, on well loss as done: were samples, analysis laboratory sediment of documentation and coring and geological obtaining including probing, works field on based was Investigations coast, Lubāns Lake investigation was doneintwo Stone Age settlements ancient ofLubāns area. Age Stone reconstruct of and conditions palaeogeographical changes condition accumulation sediment of evidences variousplacesaroundin Lake areLubanadiverse. To discover about notions conditions life development human of Lake Lubāns and Lubāns affected Plain, paleogeographical conditions also geological complicated the to it Due Lubāns. Lake of development the during and of settlements Age locations Stone influenced havethe conditions palaeogeographical of Changes Evidences ofsedimentaccumulation condition changes Estonians and mires: changes in the relationship relationship the in changes mires: and Estonians from Iča and Lagaža Stone Age settlement areas areas settlement Age Stone Lagaža and Iča from Estonian Fund for Nature Piret Pungas-Kohv University of Latvia Līga Paparde 33 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

34 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

(up to +30 cm in autumn) and it dried up (up to -80 cm) during the summer the during cm) -80 to (up up dried it and autumn) in cm +30 to (up water by flooded was field experimental of surface Therefore,the periods wet capacity.during water-retaining poor have peatlands cutover layers, peat to Due ha). (0.12 field experimental prepared specially a in peat bare dominated with thick) cm 5–7 and size in m (0.4×0.4 patches square 130 of total A 2011–2012. in (Lithuania) plant species were implemented in a cut-away part of Aukštumala peatland capillifolium S. magelanicum, of spreading on experiments Small-scale Northrhine of country the and Senne, NRW - Westphalia. Holz Paderborn und Kreis Wald Station Landesbetrieb Biologische the the are partners Project natural material? • re-growth ofthetrees inthefollowing years? • In the“Eselsbett” area, two questionswillbeofspecialinterest: trenches andslowing down thesurface drain. • and willow bushes; • types andspecies; • The objectives oftheLIFE-Project are: at the transition from the continental to the Atlantic biogeographical region. The Eggegebirge is a low mountain region in northwest Germany. It is located Jūratė Sendžikaitė,Nerijus Zableckis,Žydrūnas Sinkevičius, LeonasJarašius Small-scale experiments on introduction of raised bog bog raised of introduction on experiments Small-scale Is it possible to stop the surface drain by building low dams made of strong a causing without bushes willow removethe to possible it Is closing by balance hydrological moor-typical a of Restoration pine the removing by character landscape open the of Restoration habitat for status conservationfavorable a restoring and Protecting plant cover fragmentsintocutover peatland Biologische StationKreis Paderborn-Senne LIFE-Project „Eggemoore“ „Eggemoore“ LIFE-Project ) with fragments of other typical to raised bog raised to typical other of fragments with ) Peter Rüther Sphagnum Sphagnum mosses were planted on wet on planted were mosses oss ( mosses . ucm S. fuscum, S. oee, 8 o te ( them of 68% however, site, experimental the at recorded were species (in plant 22 14% Although to 2016). 2012) (in 58% from decreased has species plant ombrotrophic dry and conditions typical of coveragevegetation the years, three hydrologicallast during seasons growing unfavourable such of Because drought. inter-relationships. subdivision issue and (2) climate, hydrology and raised bog surface variation and surface bog raised (1) concentrateto we study Therefore,this 2003). in al., et (Price decades many for processes ecological and hydrological many of recovery a prolong may level sub-basins in approach holistic of lack the Rochefort, 2003; Howie and Meerveld, 2011; Holden et al., 2004). However, and (Gorham regime hydrological disturbed the after restoration peatland context of sub-basin‘s level. There are a lot of metodological of applications for the influence in renaturalisation peatland of mechanism complex the comprehend to the evaluate maintenance. Restoration of disturbed peatland habitats requires the ability to is sub-basins and is vitaly important for sustainable peatland managemet and research our towards water regime. This theory implies the dynamics of limits of of peatland feedback its and surface peatland towards aim conditions hydrometeorological main The in Aukštumalapeatboghasbeencarriedout. Currently, the elaboration of water level regulation and maintenance system factors for successful establishment of raised bog plants at restoration sites. Molinia ecological important most the of one is level vulgaris, water optimal of Maintenance Lysimachia cinerea S. aurita, europaeus, Salix cearulea, Lycopus sylvaticum, Gnaphalium Raised bogsurface fluctuationinspace andtime(case study of Čepkeliai wetland complex, Lithuania) Lithuania) complex, wetland Čepkeliai of study Rasa Šimanauskienė,RitaLinkevičienė, JuliusTaminskas, Laurynas Jukna,GintautasKibirkštis gots aiai, ies rpria Fagl alnus, Frangula tripartita, Bidens capilaris, Agrostis ec) ee tpcl o mrtohc bogs. ombrotrophic to atypical were etc.) , 35 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

36 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) plant species. forest including *91D0, of implemented conversion structures (into deciduous and mixed be forests) habitat and the introduction will of certain natural measures reestablishing pilings supporting for sheet addition e.g. In devices installed. holdup be and will disabled be will ditches drainage orderprotectto restore and waterinternallevels woodlands(*91D0) In bog of *91E0. of structure habitat the improve will species foreign of removal the like measures Silvicultural channels. dead connecting or remeandering initiating watercourses, of This gradients floodplain. natural restoring its by achieved and be will course water the between interdependence the improveand stabilize to planned is it forests(*91E0) alluvial of stabilization and conservation the For waterways. associated the as well as forests and areas alluvial the within regime water natural near a of establishment the natural characteristic including typical animal and plant their species. in This forests requires alluvial and woodland bog develop and stabilize protect, to aims project The systems. riverine three within 2000-areasNATURA 10 in bog and forests alluvial located are of sites Project Germany). (North-East Brandenburg in woodlands restoration and Nature conservation LIFE the a for project undertaking is Brandenburg] of Foundation Conservation From the mid of 2014 to 2022, the NaturSchutzFonds Brandenburg [Nature LIFE Feuchtwälder - Conservation and restoration of of restoration and Conservation - Feuchtwälder LIFE alluvial forests and bog woodland in Brandenburg Brandenburg in woodland bog and forests alluvial Michael Zauft,IngaWillecke LIFE Feuchtwälder Dr. geogr. LaimdotaKalniņa hc etbihd any n h rsl o te at Wicein (Latvian) Weischelian - last the of result the in mainly established which surface, ground of forms relief negative the in formed have Latvia in Mires zone vegetation (boreonemoral) hemiboreal districts. geobotanical the eight has and forests deciduous-coniferous by to characterised belongs Latvia are soils dominating The podzolic. typical. are gypsum) and limestone, (dolomite, rocks carbonate Latvia, of parts other In rocks. sedimentary of layer the upper forms sandstone Latvia, southwestern and northwestern In m. >310 to m <1 from varies Latvia in deposits Quaternary of thickness The 2002). (Povilauskas mid-Holocene the in transgression Littorina the wetlands after formed and lakes Many distribution. sediment shore long and deposits Transgressionsglacial Quaternary erosionof active caused Sea Baltic the of clay. boulder or moraine i.e. material, ice-ground of consisting mainly plain, undulating gently a as emerged surface Latvian the BP) 10,000-12,000 (c. deglaciation After period. glacial last the after and during occurred relief in changes Major saddle. Latvian the and syneclise Baltic the within Platform Geologically, Latvia is located on the northwestern edge of the East-European Annual temperature >5°C)beginsinAprilandlastsfor °C. 180-200days. 17.6 to °C 16.8 from July precipitation in is 500-800 mm. The vegetation growing season (daily average °C, -6.6 to °C -2.6 from varies temperatureaverage the January In continental. more becomes climate the Maritime air masses dominate and result in a mild climate. Towards the East, influencedbyWest-Atlanticis Latvia in climate The circulation.atmospheric Sea andtheGulfofRigais496km. Baltic the along coastline Latvian the of length The West. the in Sea Baltic the and East, the in Belarus and Russia North, the in Estonia South, the a in is It Plain. East-European Lithuania borders Latvia the a.s.l. m 311 is hill of highest the and country lowland part western the in located is Latvia University of Latvia Mire Development

in Latvia

37 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

38 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

eif omd uig h Lt Gail fe te era o gair n the and glacier of retreat the after Glacial Late the during formed relief where areas, coastal are Exception activities. water melting its and glacier with transitional peat at the edges of the mires. During the Atlantic Time Atlantic the During mires. the of edges the at peat transitional with formed was peat of type raised a decayed, it When developed. vegetation mire ombrogenous areas these In precipitation. by only fed was vegetation the of areas climatic mires, central where the a humid 2-3 In metres warm thick commenced. layer Period of and peat Atlantic had accumulated, the changed the of raised bog climate conditions the ago, years 7,500 About water level and bog development started. sea near situated was which of bottom the Lake, Ice Baltic the of existence coast.Wetthe to depressionsconditionsthe appearedthe formed during in close areas the in rose level groundwater the Sea, Baltic Ancylus the the of stage during Lake level water the of increase an to Due form. to started fens transformed into transition mires, and the first layers of raised had bog peat layer peat thick where water,ground mineral reachfrom not gradually did plants and areasaccumulated the in fens the of Some formed. largest the mires of part Boreal the During level. water their of decrease the by promoted was terrestrialization lake climate, dry rather to Due sediments. of Filling-in edges. mire gyttja coversthe that peat transition and fen the of layer the provedby is lakes at established became trees broad-leaved vaginatum Eriophorum mesotrophic by by replaced replaced was moss were Hypnum ones. species plant Eutrophic precipitation. by the humid, mainly fed became gradually vegetation Mire decreased.level less groundwater and warmer became climate Boreal the when ago, years 9,000 About Time. Boreal the since developing been has Latvia in mires of During the Boreal the formation of extensive mires commenced. Largest part more humid,aswell asbiomassproduced by mire plants increase. became more intensive during the Boreal when climate became warmer and paludification and basins Mire shallow of in depressions. filling- by both processes glaciocarst formation and lakes glacial of remnants mostly were have They ago. years originated mainlyby landpaludificationorfilling-in inofshallow basinsthat 000 10 about Preboreal the from Holocene, the of beginning and time Glacial veryfromLate miresthe date Latvian oldest The They time. preserve a physical record of their history in and the form of their ‘peat archives’. conditions paleoecological and geological different under Sea stages, mainly by the Baltic Ice Lake and the Littorina Sea. Mires formed Baltic of basins the by influenced significantly was area the when Holocene A tes pns ee motn; le ad some and alder important; were pines trees, As . Sphagnum species and cotton-grass and species any y cotton-grass, by mainly represented was peat bog Raised rapidly. more developed vegetation bog reachgroundwater.to able being ombrotrophiccentralparts these In raised of local vegetation changed. Plants in the central areas of the mires were not many large fen areas transformed into raised bogs. In the mires composition the formation ofhummock-hollow complexes. and pools bog of appearance instability, gravitational to due slopes dome the on fracturing layer peat domes, bog raised of developmentintensive by over,followedall occurred peat of accumulation intensive an period, this In of remnantswerethere produced decaying while that by formed basically was vegetation bog the period, this In in. set Period Subboreal the ago years 4.800 About distributed andstartedtodominateintheraisedbog vegetation. period this of end the At bogs. raised into later and mires transition into transformed gradually fens largest the Time Atlantic the During mires. surrounded forests broad-leaved The formation Latvia. mire in extensive most the optimal witnessed as and development well mire as for plants, demanding warm for especially growth, plant diverse for favourable became conditions climatic Time Atlantic the During meadows orpastures. wet support now and sand by covered are them of Some such Mire. Sārnate mires, as into developed have shallowest the Kaņieris, but like Lake, lakes, Babīte as Engure, preserved have ones deepest the just Nowadays, Time. were filling-in at the end of the Atlantic Time or the first half of the Subboreal and lakes freshwater became basins and sea the from separated were Sea Littorina the of lagoons these levelwater sea of decrease to due ago, years lagoons. During the first regression of the Littorina Sea, about 6000 to 5000 m. Low coastal areas appeared under the sea level and formed large shallow 2.5-5 to up level of rise caused and place took waters salty and warm with level, water higher with basin stage Sea Baltic the is that Sea Littorina the TransgressionSea. of Littorina the of coastal activity the by caused the was that areas in increased significantly areas mire Time Atlantic the During peat developed. Inthistimea1-2metres thick layer ofpeatformed. parts of bogs where humidity was lower, pine stands and pine-cotton-grass Scheuchzeria palustris Scheuchzeria Sphagnum panm magellanicum Sphagnum wo rmis cuuae. n those In accumulated. remains wood , Sphagnum Sphagnum and dwarf shrubs in the peat. the in shrubs dwarf and and rohrm vaginatum Eriophorum species were widely were species et Bsds this, Besides peat.

39 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

40 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

ue ie satd o om n h nrhwsen osa ae o Latvia, of area coastal north-western inter- the the in ago, form years to started 3.500-3.000 mires Subboreal, dune the of half second the At ie eeain eand o a hr drto bfr fs cags of changes fast before duration short environmental conditions favoured raisedbog development. a for remained vegetation mire Preboreal during already transition and formedfen areas paludified in that indicate Latvia obtained data The Time. in mires oldest the while Time, Subboreal the or Atlantic Late the during climatic just originated them of Most late. mire potential that indicated the comparatively started general sequences in area Lowland Coastal like the peat in development in pollen, preserved signal and vegetation remains and plant of Composition climate primarilydetermined vegetation composition intheseraisedbogs. polifolia Andromeda Subboreal Subatlantic the during but vegetation, the bog raised During vegetation. palustris Scheuchzeria the in various species of increase rapid a with associated was bogs raised of myrtilloides Salix the of many like species, plant Time, rare currently Atlantic the during particularly started, development gale Myrica as such shrubs, and trees development mire e.g. dominated, of stages early the In and of peat, consists this In deposits. peat of the residue the of part upper period, the this occupying In developed, humid. more and cooler climate ago, became years 2,800 about began that Period Subatlantic the During Baži Mire. the example for bogs, raised large are nowadays areas inter-dune former these of Parts form. to started peat raised and dunes also covered layers filled-in with fen peat at the beginning of the mire formation, but latter peat narrow complex mire ridge long inter-dune the of depressions alternating narrow The ridges. of dune series and ridges dune between narrowdepressions the in developed They Park. National Slītere the in predominantly Eriophorum vaginatum and Sphagnum angustifolium Sphagnum Sphagnum fuscum Sphagnum and Salix hamts utai, ae doc, . ir, . panicea C. nigra, C. dioica, Carex australis, Phragmites and p. oiae i seisrc fn. hn h mire the When fens. species-rich in dominated spp. and amry paludosa Hammarbya aln vulgaris Calluna . Betula pubescens, Frangula alnus, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus alnus, Frangula pubescens, Betula rohrm vaginatum Eriophorum constitutes 45-90 %. The rest of the peat the of rest The %. 45-90 constitutes Myrica gale, Cladium mariscus, Trapanatans, mariscus, Cladium gale, Myrica and eae oe ieped Micro- widespread. more became Sphagnum magellanicum Sphagnum ee itiue. Development distributed. were Phragmites fe dmntd n the in dominated often Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum panm fuscum Sphagnum and panm fuscum, Sphagnum Carex remnants Sphagnum species while peat

and often form in the vicinity of former lakes that have filled-in. At present,At filled-in. have that lakes former of vicinity the in form often and develop in places where ground waters and river waters are rich in nutrients, than that of a raised bog. This is related to the fact that minerotrophic mires the but Latvia, smaller usually is fen in a of area the that greater, fens showing is fens of number than areas larger occupy bogs raised Nowadays, (3,000-5,500 years ago). and inter-dune depressions during the end of the Atlantic and the Subboreal youngest mires have developed in shallow lakes of the Littorina Sea lagoons were transformed into transitional mires and gradually into raised bogs. The • and Sea Littorina the caused anincrease ofthegroundwater level of inadjacent areas. transgression to due Sea Baltic the in increased levelwater the when Atlanticperiod, the of beginning the and Boreal the of • glacial water basinorglaciocarsticdepressions. remnant shallow of in infilling the to due ago, years 10,000 Preboreal, the • be can conclusions drawn: following the development mire on studies the From et al,2008). (Kalnina conditions climate dry comparatively under Time Subboreal the in the of degree highest The layers. higher the of weight the by compressed been have they because higher be can forit Time however,Atlantic the annually, during formed mm layers -0.65 0.61 was rate accumulation layer peat verylowdecomposition degree For(3-5%). Atlanticthe Subborealand Time, the by explained be can it cases, higher.many times In threeeven is it bogs of values some for but mm, 1.12 reach Time Subatlantic the annual during formed thickness mean The Time. Subatlantic the largest the bogs of characteristic raised are thicknesses the in that found is it method, 14C by dating and studies palynological and composition botanical peat of data to According lakes. shallow from originated have Latvia in mires all of third one approximately Sphagnum At the end of the Boreal and during the Atlantic period, many fens many period, Atlantic the during and Boreal the of end the At end the at place took areas coastal in ground the of Paludification in originated that stage fens by started usually development Mire peat decomposition (28%) is estimated for peat accumulated peat for estimated is (28%) decomposition peat Sphagnum peat, which was formed during formed was which peat, Sphagnum et layer peat 41 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

42 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) peat extraction. and drainage like Latvia, in mires influenced have activities human Various on thecoast oftheGulfRigato 30-40% intheLubāns Plain. 10-15% from paludified considerably are cover with lacustrine Lowlands and beds. glaciolimnic till of consists which of cover Quaternary undulating the relief, gently with lowlands the to related is paludification of degree Maximum 40%. to 0.1% from ranges landscapes certain in paludification of predominantlystages, Sea Baltic the of basins the degreeThe Sea. Littorina of regression after lakes shallow into turned have that lagoons former filling-in of as well as meanders, their or rivers ancient and lakes shallow of filling-in of result a as formed have mires of part Large Lowland. Vidzeme North and Lowland Latvia Middle Lowland, Coastal Lowland, Latvia Eastern the in foundare bogs raised largest The 2000). Kalnina & (Pakalne Latvia of regions nature the among differs covered area the but country the over all distributed are Mires sites. extraction peat and mires, drained types, forest 10,4% of the land and include, next to mires with thick peat layers, also some coverpeat, m 0.3 than more with and large deposits, ha 1 than more of peatlands i.e. Peat area. land total the of 4.9% about comprise Latvia in Mires Mire typesinLatvia used for peatcutting.About12%ofallthemires are understateprotection. or drained havebeen others The condition. natural a in aremires the of half a than Moreprecipitation. the with minerals and water obtain bogs raised - the mineral soil, and in such a way obtain also minerals. Ombrogenous mires with contact in are which waters the by fed are mires transition and fens - miresombrogenousmires.Geogenous and geogenous intothey aredivided include and Latvia of regions nutrients, and water obtain mires type the the Accordingto types. mire various all in distributed are Peatlands Latvia University of Latvia Dr. biol.MāraPakalne Mire Types

the Eastern type with type Eastern the with type western the namely recognized, are types bog raised regional Two Latvia. over all present are bogs Raised Ombrogenous mires:raisedbogs(fed onlyby precipitation) olw wee rohts like bryophytes, where hollows rotundifolia vulgaris, Empetrum nigrum, Oxycoccus palustris, Andromeda polifolia rubellum, S. magellanicum, of dominance the with shrubs dwarf of cover significant a has mires ombrotrophic of Vegetation pools are mainlylarge andelongated. dry hummocksand ridges withwet hollows andopen-water bogpools.Bog relatively of alternation the is most bogs The raised of wooded. feature aremicro-relief common margins the but open central often The are bogs wooded. the or of open parts be may and plateau-type the of or shaped eif te utray oe o wih osss f il es Lwad with Lowlands beds. till of consists which of cover Quaternary undulating the relief, gently with lowlands the to related is paludification of degree Maximum 40%. to 0.1% from ranges landscapes certain in paludification of predominantlystages, Sea Baltic the of basins the degreeThe Sea. Littorina of regression after lakes shallow into turned have that lagoons former filling-in of as well as meanders, their or rivers ancient and lakes shallow of filling-in of result a as formed have mires of part Large Lowland. Vidzeme North and Lowland Latvia Middle Lowland, Coastal Lowland, Latvia Eastern the in foundare bogs raised largest The 2000). Kalnina & (Pakalne Latvia of regions nature the among differs covered area the but country the over all distributed are Mires sites. extraction peat and mires, drained types, forest 10,4% of the land and include, next to mires with thick peat layers, also some coverpeat, m 0.3 than more with and large deposits, ha 1 than more of peatlands i.e. Peat area. land total the of 4.9% about comprise Latvia in Mires Eriophoro-Trichophorum cespitosi magellanici fusci nigri-Sphagnetum The Communities of raised bogs. the in occur lakes Also micro-habitats. these in plants vascular typical are while common Sphagnetum magellanici Sphagnetum community is common, but in the western and northern part - part northern and western the in but common, is community are prominent on hummock ridges. Between the hummocks are hummocks the Between ridges. hummock on prominentare Scheuchzeria palustris, Rhynchospora alba Rhynchospora palustris, Scheuchzeria Oxycocco - Sphagnetea I te atr Latvia Eastern the In . Chamaedaphne calyculata Chamaedaphne Sphagnum and often occurs on hummocks as well as well as hummocks on occurs often S. fuscum S. occurs. panm cuspidatum Sphagnum species in the bryophyte layer.bryophyte the in species are well presented in the raised bogs. often occur on hummocks. on occur often rcohrm cespitosum Trichophorum hmeahe Sphagnetum - Chamaedaphne . These bogs can be dome- be can bogs These . and and . tenellum S. Drosera anglica Drosera and Sphagnum Empetro Drosera Calluna and are 43 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

44 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

on thecoast oftheGulfRigato30-40%inLubāns Plain. 10-15% from paludified considerably are cover lacustrine and glaciolimnic updt, isdn ainhie, ru pedtiutu, Drepanocladus pseudotriquetrum, Bryum adianthoides, Fissidens cuspidata, e.g bryophytes, in rich is vegetation Fen Lysimachiaangustifolium,palustre Peucedanum vulgaris, include species plant typically like sedges, by are dominated and floodplains river in and margins, bog raised and hollows Fens frequently occur as a zone of variable extent around waterlogged size lakes,from extensive in fen wherever complexes waterlogged to small sites only Latvia, of a few square meters. in water.groundbya least, in at range Theypart in distributed maintained, areconditions widely are presently Fens Splachnum mineral bedrockorsubstrate) denudatum, Geogenous Odontoschisma molle, pensylvanicym, Splachnumsphaericum Sphagnum lindbergii, Bryophytes inundata, Betulanana,Salixmyrtilloides plants Vascular embla, Carabus menethriesi Invertebrates Reptiles ridibundus, pugnax Larus totanus, Tringa limosa, Limosa flammeus Asio columbarius, Falco arquata, Numenius pygargus, C. aeruginosus, Circus phaeopus, Numenius arctica, Gavia chrysaetos, Lagopus lagopus, Lanius collurio, L. excubitor, Pluvialis feeding: apricaria, Grus grus, Aquila and chrysaetos, Nesting haliaetus. Aquila Pandion europaeus, albicilla, Caprimulgus nigra, Ciconia Haliaetus martius, Dryocopus gallicus, Circaetus Bird species daubentoni, Eptesicus nilssonii,Lutra lutra, Ursos arctos Mammals Protected speciesinraisedbogs . : Coronella austriaca, Lacerta agilis : mires: fens (fed by the water that has been in contact with the ytls otl, epril mrns Ppsrlu ntui, Myotis nathusii, Pipistrellus murinus, Vespertillo noctula, Nyctalus : : on the margins of raised bogs - : ayoea pancl, dnocim shgi Sphagnum sphagni, Odontoschisma sphagnicola, Calypogeia etg rneyni, lsin fig, lsin fej, Erebia freija, Clossiana frigga, Clossiana ronnebyensis, Vertigo : rcohrm eptsm Doea nemda Lycopodiella intermedia, Drosera cespitosum, Trichophorum eynhs rflaa Cmrm aute Eriophorum palustre, Comarum trifoliata, Menyanthes . Carex lasiocarpa Carex . . . Campylium stellatum, Calliergonella stellatum, Campylium and Aegolius funereus, Columba oenas, C. rostrata C. ey ae – rare very rr – rare , . and . Other associated Other . Succisa pratensisSuccisa yns cygnus, Cygnus Philomachus . hr fn hv dvlpd vr lmsoe usrt, ih es have fens rich substrate, limestone a over developed have fens Where fens, like, poor fens. The revolvens aho, ooee patru, aoaa dlea Vrio leti, Vertigo alpestris, angustior, Vertigo genesii,Carabus Vertigo menethriesi,Carcharodus flocciferus. adultera, Catocala plantarius, Dolomedes machaon, Invertebrates Mammals Protected speciesinfens and and and alba include species species that make up most of the bryophyte layer. the In transition mires mires starts common to prevail. Transition transition mires water are precipitation marked by becomes and the In appearance diminished of strongly has source. it groundwater of nutrient influence groundwater, this mineral from the isolated increasingly above accumulates peat When e.g. communities, tall-sedge and swamps Reed Peucedanum palustre vulgaris, Lysimachia latifolium, E. polystachion, Eriophorum palustre, are Comarum species associated Other mires. minerotrophic be can as such fens species of Vegetation flushes. like the shrubs, with covered or near open mires spring in also occur includes community fen rich Another diversity. species high by characterized are fens Rich fens. calcareous in represented like Orchids, 1995). hostiana, Carex vulgaris, Pinguicula palustris, including plants, of range a by accompanied be protected. and rare are ferrugineus which Schoenus of number a species, plant in rich very are they that is fenscalcareous featuresof distinct most the of developed.One Phragmites australis elatae Caricetum that are accompanied byaccompanied are that Andromeda polifolia Caricetum limosae . flexuosum S. and Caricetum rostratae, C.lasiocapae : Lutra lutra : Scorpidium scorpioides Scorpidium Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae ccl plt, uil msou, iud ofcnls Papilio officinalis, Hirundo muscorum, Pupilla polita, Acicula often occur near lakes. The dominant species here include here species dominant The lakes. near occur often Carex limosa, Carex rostrata, C. lasiocarpa C. rostrata, Carex limosa, Carex Carex lasiocarpa, C. rostrata, C. panicea C. rostrata, C. lasiocarpa, Carex r aogt h dmnns The dominants. the amongst are associatedwith is a characteristic species of calcareous fens and can and fens calcareous of species characteristic a is and atlria incarnata Dactylorhiza communities occur there. . In the bryophyte layer Succisa pratensis Eriophorum polystachion, Scheuchzeria palustris Scheuchzeria polystachion, Eriophorum Betula pubescens Betula . One can distinguish between rich and rich between distinguish can One . Scirpus lacustris . and and communities often occupy these and Sphagnum teres, S. warnstorfii, C. diandrae ppci palustris Epipactis Phragmitetum australis Phragmitetum Primula farinosa, Parnassia farinosa, Primula elra caerulea Sesleria ae davalliana Carex and and hnhsoeu albae Rhynchosporetum are characteristic for characteristic are eynhs trifoliata, Menyanthes Salix cinerea Salix Typha latifolia and . Rhynchospora ht may that Sphagnum (Pakalne, r well are . Sedge . . and

45 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

46 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

ldu mrsu, rohrm rcl, ucs tgu, cons ferrugineus, Schoenus stygius, Juncus gracile, Eriophorum mariscus, Cladium plants Vascular davallianae • • • • • occur inthemires ofLatvia: There are protected habitats of Europe (according to Habitats Directive) that addition toallthemire typesofLatvia. forest,freshwater,of in diversity habitats, wide grassland a coastal, include that Latvia in sites 2000 Natura 333 are There Complex.Wetland Pape and Mires, Ziemeļu Complex, Wetland Lubana the Lake, Kanieris Lake, Engure TeiciLatvia: Mires,in Pelecare designated and are sites Ramsar six present, Reserve, protected landscape Biosphere areas. These sites include Vidzeme raised bogs, fens and lakes. North At Parks, nature reserves, nature parks (Engure Nature Park, Abava Nature Park), and National Gauja and Ķemeri, Slitere, Reserves, Nature Krustkalni and Teici like areas, nature protected of range wide a in protected are mires legislation Latvian the to According Sphagnum pulchrum,S.obtusu Bryophytes Salix fusca, Rhynchospora paupercula,myrtilloides Carex hirculus, Saxifraga intermedia, plants Vascular Protected speciesintransitionmires Drepanocladus lycopodioides, Meesia hexasticha, Meesia triquetra squarrosa, Paludella trifarium, Calliergon vernicosus, Hamatocaulis tomentella, Trichocolea neodamense, Bryum stygium, Cinclidium chamaedryfolia, Riccardia Bryophytes Saxifraga monophyllos, Malaxis hirculus paludosa, Hammarbya vulgaris, Pinguicula Hydrocotile D. russowii, D. ochroleuca, incarnata, Gymnadenia conopsea, Liparis loselii, Ophrys insectifera, Utricularia esthonica, vulgaris, Primula farinosa, Dactylorhiza cruenta, D. baltica, D. fuchsii, D. maculata, Saussurea buxbaumii, Carex . acros es with fens Calcareous Fennoscandian mineral-richspringsandspringfens, Transitional mires andquakingbogs, Degraded raisedbogsstill capableofnaturalregeneration, Active raisedbogs, , . : : alegn rfru, ohza uhaa Slcnm rubrum, Splachnum rutheana, Lophozia trifarium, Calliergon orka ienc, icri mliia Rcada incurvata, Riccardia multifida, Riccardia hibernica, Moerckia : : ae dvlin, ae hloats Crx scandinavica, Carex heleonastes, Carex davalliana, Carex amry plds, atlria auaa Drosera maculata, Dactylorhiza paludosa, Hammarbya m. ldu mariscus Cladium n seis f the of species and . Caricion codn t te eilto o Lti poetd ie aias f Latvia of habitats mire protected Latvia of legislation the to According • • • • • • • • • • • include: Bog woodland. Natural dystrophic lakes andponds, Petrifying springswithtufaformation ( Transition mires with Calcareous fens with Fens with Calcareous fens with Calcareous fens with Sulphur springs, Petrifying springswithtufaformation, Mineral richspringsandspringfens, Juncus subnodulosus Cladium mariscus Schoenus ferrugineus Carex davalliana Rhynchospora fusca , , , Cratoneurion . , ), 47 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

48 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

Sphagnum by represented appeared, different plants oligotrophic and precipitation the from groundwater diminishedandthemire was fed mostlyby nutrients obtained the start of fen type peat accumulation. Due peat growth the influence of the likespecies, plant conditions. In the depression conditions were favourable for wet demanding wet very as resulted optimum climatic the and transgression Sea Littorina to dry due levelgroundwater high as well was as climate warm and humid time only and long for depression However, ago. Lake years Ice 12000 Baltic than the more of activities by formed has which plain, accumulation MelnaisLake Mire developedhas reliefa in depression IceBaltic the of Lake Mire development andthehistoryofarea actions. information management the with maps as well as the habitats, fauna, flora, site the about also includes plan Management habitats. and site hydrology of monitoring as well as ditches, drainage the on dams of building by Nature Mire Reserve Lake and includes management actions, Melnais like restoration of for site hydrology elaborated was plan Management 2011 In not does that compaction allow thefurthergrowth ofthemire inthemarginal areas. peat caused had ditches The ones. smaller as well as ditches deep are There established. the have stands forest pine to ditches close area the in especially areas, the drained from the In mire lands. the agricultural separated and growth forest favoured lowering, level groundwater the caused Drainage ha. 8983 of area the covering Latvia, in Lake Melnais 1930-ties. Mire is in a part of the larger Cena Mire has been the second largest raised started bog has extrcation Peat fields. extraction peat by surrounded is site The District. Olaine the of Municipality Olaine in in European network of protected territories Natura 2000. The site is located an especially protected nature area in Latvia – nature reserve and is included natureThe reserveTotal 2004. wasestablished is It areaha. comprises317 raised boghabitatsandnaturalhydrology were re-established. active the project, the During sites. project NAT/LV/000449 (2010-2013) Melnais Melnais Lake Nature Reserve is one the LIFE projects “Raised Bogs” LIFE08 Bogs” “Raised projects LIFE the one Reserveis NatureLake Sphagnum et a be acmltn drn ls 30 yas with years, 3000 last during accumulating been has peat Lake Carex pce and species and Phragmites Mire rohrm vaginatum Eriophorum . The decay of this plants resultedas plants this of decay The .

Lw decomposed Low . fen till raised bog. The remains of plants in the composition of peat indicate peat of composition the in plants of remains The bog. raised till fen years, the mire has gone through all the phases of mire development – from Sphagnum by mainly diversity plant formatting peat low with m 4-4.5 are mire of part largest in layer peat Nowadays year. per mm 1.3 about rate accumulation eni Lk Mr hs rsre a a ml ntr ‘ai’ ihn an within ‘oasis’ nature small a as preserved intensively managed area. Most probably, has the small territory around the lake Mire Lake Melnais well asfen vegetation of bog communities include fluitans Warnstorfia alba, pools bog labyrinthsraised the of marginsof the fluitans Cladopodiella microcarpus, vaginatum, O. Eriophorum palustris, Oxycoccus rotundifolia, D. anglica, Drosera polifolia, tenellum S. cuspidatum, S. species are Rubus chamaemorus Eriophorum vaginatum, Oxycoccus microcarpus, O. palustris, Drosera rotundifolia, rubellum S. fuscum, magellanicum by dominated lawns and hummocks are There forests. pine and woodland bog by surrounded is Mire Lake Melnais ridges. and pools bog of labyrinths includes and complex hollow - hummock typical a has Mire Lake bog raised fuscae Scheuchzerio-Caricetea includes Mire Classes Lake the of Melnais vegetation that reveal studies Vegetation but m, 6 mire almost geogenous reaches depth and peat medium peatdepth is3m. places ombrogenous deepest the both In includes vegetation. Mire Lake Melnais Mire vegetation layer slightly exceeds 5mnowadays. peat mire,the the and in vegetationdominate bog to raised started change, • fen vegetation begantodevelop from decayed partsofplants; the in develop depression to of the started Plain of the sediments Baltic Ice peat Lake. As of a result accumulation of land the paludification, ago, years • to thedevelopment course ofthemire: Since the Sub boreal period, appr. 4500 years ago, due to the climate In the end of the warm and humid Atlantic period, about 5000–6000 oss cto gas n Rnohrs. uig huad of thousands During Rannoch-rush. and grass cotton mosses, Rhynchospora alba, Scheuchzeria palustris . On the raised bog margins there are hummocks with copne by accompanied and and Empetrum nigrum. accompanied by accompanied Caricetum rostratae Sphagnetum magellanici, Rhynchosporetum albae Oxycocco-Sphagnetea . The vegetation of the intact part of Melnais of part intact the of vegetation The . Sphagnum cuspidatum Sphagnum aln vlai, nrmd polifolia, Andromeda vulgaris, Calluna In the hollows the most common Scheuchzeria palustris, Andromeda palustris, Scheuchzeria and and n fn eeain f the of vegetation fen and Caricetum lasiocarpae Calypogeia sphagnicola Calypogeia CarexRhynchosporalimosa, and occur. The typical raised typical occur.The Sphagnum flexuosum, Sphagnum Sphagnum . . On . , as 49 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

50 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

in water and many pools. Approximately 60% of the territory is covered with richness its to due extraction peat of fields vast the among intact remained experienced several fires. have shores lake the on forests The pine. year-old 140 growing slowly the is habitat the of value main The changed. has vegetation of character the and mineralized has peat drainage to due but soil, peat on developed once (9010* taiga Western of thishabitat. dwarf pine, ridged micro-relief often and the vegetation of dwarf growing,shrubs is characteristic Slowly mire. the of complex ridge – pool bog raised Bog woodland (91D0*) European importance canbefound inthenature reserve: the of forestprotectedhabitats (*) territory,priority the 2 of 10% than more little a only coverforests valuable Biologically fields. peat old or mire the of Young forests dominate in the areas that have developed due to overgrowing Forests andlakes Union. mirefavoured, thereforeEuropeanprotected the especially in is habitat this activities, the influence of drainage can be diminished and restoration of the almost no intact mires have remained. With the help of special states management European many In furthermore. vegetation the degrading territory, mire has become dry and fire-hazardous – several fires have occurred in the place (7120) takes or possible is regeneration natural where bogs, raised Degraded mosses andsedges. with filled-in has lake the result a as lakes; the of level water of lowering the to due developed has habitat this places, In pools. and lakes Transition(7140) bogs quacking and mire in someparts,andseveral lakes andpoolsoccur there. byvariousDespite negativemelioration. waterinfluences,mirein the rich is characteristic of the raised bogs dominates in the part that is less influenced (7110*) bog raised Intact human influence ofdifferent extent: the bear that importance European of habitats mire protected especially 3 , covers 25% of the territory of the nature reserve. Due to drainage, the ) can be found only around Melnais Lake. The forest The Lake. Melnais around only found be can ) occur mostly around the lakes and are included in the cuis 5 o te aue eev. Vegetation reserve. nature the of 35% occupies have developed in small areasnear havesmall developed in Sphagnum

especially protected habitat in the European Union and Latvia – Latvia and Union European the in habitat protected especially an is reserve nature the in situated mire the of lakes complex.All pool bog exceeds area of part whose a as ecosystem here, mire the in situated included are lakes aresmaller Many ha. lakes0.3 more 9 least at but ha), (6 Lake Melnais is largest The reserve.nature small the of value the are Lakes the scaleofLatvia. in species this forimportantverynaturereserve is the of territory small the couples, 50 about is Latvia in Owls Eagle of number total the that account nesting territory observed. porzana Porzana Cygnus, Cygnus aeruginosus, Circus like species, The waterfowl. for suitable are formed, have vegetation with filled-in partly lakes shallow permanent, where previous fields, peat The place. nesting suitable most its is lakes and pools with mire nature reserve is the in species birdprotected priority the of One species. bird bog raised are the territory the in nesting constantly birds of group significant most The the for neighbourhood ofRiga. important very and high comparatively is territory small a such in species bird protected especially of diversity total However,the migration. nest irregularly here, with small populations or are observed only during the number of species varies through the years, because most of the bird species glareola, Philomachus Tringapugnax, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus tetrix, europaea, TetraoDryocopus martius Porzana, Porzana grus, migrans, Grus Milvus aeruginosus, haliaetus, Circus Pandion albellus, Mergus cygnus, Cygnus stellaris, bird 17 reserve, Directive,Bird EU the in nature included are which registered,are species the of territory the In species danger. birds some which imply for be airport can the to location close the to related partly are years recent the during Mire Lake Melnais in studies bird detailed More Birds vegetation isdeveloping. have developed there or paludification process has started naturally and fen birdsforlakes suitable shallowAt present, permanent ago. several decades completedwas extraction reservepeat naturewhere the in areasareThere lakes (3160*)

armlu europaeus Caprimulgus . Bubo bubo Bubo Tringa glareola (1 couple)representforest(1 birds.the Taking into (4–8 couples) for which the open part of the 13 ope) n praety n the in permanently and couples) (1–3 and Porzana parva Porzana Botaurus stellaris, Botaurus Dystrophic Botaurus were . The 51 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

52 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

There is a great diversity of invertebrate species in the territory of the nature Invertebrates are grassy habitats). like species, mammal other some Vulpesvulpes plants. herbaceous by hunted are they and nowadays humans, by hunted Previously,were beavers trees broad-leaved like mire, the the in of food part and ditch drained the in water beaver: the for needed things the also are there ditches, are there If soon. area living their find beavers Mire, Lake find with their economic activities. In the intact part of the raised bog one cannot favouredhave humans Mire Lake Melnais in animals some of presence The to region one from place another. take can animals of migration the which along lupus of footprints the see can one mire the in Sometimes well. as often comparatively mire the cross Wolves region. another to one elaphus Roes populated. and managed intensively are which territories, surrounding the for place dwelling and instance, for observed, be can species bat several where small and comparatively monotonous. Melnais Lake ensures some diversity, naturethe in poor is reservemammals of fauna The is territory the because Mammals the European Union. and Latvia in both protected are species Both Lake. Melnais around found be cannot almost and fields extraction peat previous the of lakes shallow dragonflies. instance, for protected insect species, only predatory insect species can occur in the mire, – mire the throughout occur often species butterfly Mire species. transitory of number the as well of both typical and non-typical species of the mire and in its surroundings, as number the increase melioration by created however,disturbance reserve, Castor fiber Castor peiu nilssoni Eptesicus and Capreolus capreolus Capreolus and wild boars wild and Lynxlynx

and especially and

but when the ditches are made on the margins of Melnais of margins the on made are ditches the when but the mire is an important area as it is a biological corridor biological a is it as area important an is mire the Artiodactyla Te ertr o te aue eev i a favourite a is reserve nature the of territory The . Sus scrofa Sus Clossiana selene Clossiana and moose and ecrhn pectoralis Leucorrhini Canislupus pce. hy a fn setr ee from here shelter find can They species. use the mire as a transition corridor from corridor transition a as mire the use Neomys fodiens, Microtus arvalis Microtus fodiens, Neomys Alces alces Alces . Ditches as a habitat is good also foralso good is habitat a as Ditches . and Colias palaeno Colias and reside here, but elks but here, reside . albifrons L. Lynxlynx Myotis daubentoni Myotis . From especially From . . For the For . aor the favour (if there (if Cervus Canis dome. It gathers water from the nearest surrounding, but in the previous the in but the surrounding, nearest of the centre from water the gathers in It dome. situated is Lake Melnais accumulation years. peat of from thousands formed during has that dome a has Mire Lake Melnais Drainage influence andmanagement actions h dths Teeoe sc dm wr bit n h mr o Mlas Lake Melnais of Mire, where thedegradedbogoccupies ¼oftheterritory. mire the in built were dams such Therefore, ditches. the on dams building by fluctuations seasonal the reduce of to level and groundwaterthe raise to possible is It stabilized. be can condition hydrological the and vegetation.However,diminished bog be can drainage of impact the After peat extraction it is impossible to restore completely the natural raised 1930-ties, continues uptopresent. Peat extraction in the surroundings of the nature reserve that was started in by human activities, 84% of the territory are surrounded by drainage ditches. hydrological conditions of the Melnais Lake Mire were substantially changed the total, In system. drainage the to lake the from dug was ditch century,a Fig. 2 Map ofMelnais Lake Mire Nature Reserve.

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54 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

Fig. 3 Spore-pollen diagram of vascular plants and sporophytes in Melnais Lake Mire. Fig. 4 Spore-pollen diagram of trees and shrubs from Melnais Lake Mire. 55 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

56 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) the sulphur springs occur, not far from Suda River. The vegetation of springs cesitosum as well as grows. There are also bog pools where alba species are characteristic most the where hollows, with inter-change hummocks the anomala Mylia schreberii,Pleurozium bryophytes microcarpus, O. palustris, Drosera rotundifolia, Rubus chamaemorus with with hummocks higher are Rare Mire Suda-Zviedru of plaustris Oxycoccus commune, magellanicum are bog the for species Characteristic hollows. and hummocks pools, bog raised includes vegetation bog Raised Mire vegetation deepest places. Čaules and Ģipsalavas in metres 12 to Purgaiļu, up metres, 4 is layer peat – the of thickness Average Islands. islands mineral three and mire the in to active raised bogs – with hummocks and hollows. There are three domes the of base depression. Sudas-Zviedruthe Mire features a micro-relief that is characteristic in rocks and silts by determined been has difference The formation and development of the Mire have been different in various areas. Mire has formed in the deep depression. Scientists have determined that the Sudas-Zviedru ha. 13.7 of area an with Lake Suda is largest the of One 33. reaches which of number the mire, the in lakes of many are filling-in There and lakes. the paludification land of result a as developed has Mire The Mire development andhistoryofthearea m, butthedeepest–11,6m. ha, transition mire – 188 ha but fen – 48 ha. The medium depth of peat is 3,9 Its area reaches 2575 ha, from which the raised bog vegetation covers 2339 Sudas S udas . In the hollows also hollows the In . aln vlai, nrmd plfla Eipou vgntm Oxycoccus vaginatum, Eriophorum polifolia, Andromeda vulgaris, Calluna -Zviedru Mire is a raised bog is located within the Gauja National Park. appear, a protected plant species in Latvia. In the southern part of Warnstorfia fluitans Warnstorfia Sphagnum cuspidatum Polytrichum juniperinum, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia sphagnicola, -Z that grow on raised bog hummocks together with together hummocks bog raised on grow that viedru panm magellanicum Sphagnum Andromeda polifolia, Drosera rotundifolia, D. anglica D. rotundifolia, Drosera polifolia, Andromeda and . In the mire, communities with communities mire, the In . M Sphagnum fuscum Sphagnum and should be mentioned. In the raised bog, raised the In mentioned. be should merm nigrum Empetrum ire S. tenellum Sphagnum cuspidatum Sphagnum fuscum, S. rubellum S. fuscum, Sphagnum

together with an ae characteristic. are lawns and I te oten part southern the In . S. rubellum S. is characteristic, Rhynchospora Trichophorum . From other Polytrichum together and S.

include palustr Galium paludosa, Crepis palustris, Poa palustris, Caltha alternifolium, Chrysosplenium palustris, Myosotis presence the by characterised of is vegetation mire sprin surrounding and hr ae ln t cntut as vr h dths tu peetn the preventing thus ditches, outflow ofwater from themire. the over dams construct to plans are drainage, of there impact the reduce to order In continues. mire the of draining overgrown, are ditches the of some Although area Mire. the of small part Northern relatively of in performed was extraction peat the 1930s During excavated. been has ditches drainage the woodlands, bog surrounding the and mire this drain to order In drainage. by affected is Mire Sudas-Zviedru Drainage influence andmanagement actions common crane of site nesting a and geese migrating for place accommodation important three-toedwoodpeckerand nigra stork black as birds of species rare such hosts Mire Sudas-Zviedru Birds woodland Bog pines. and appears onraisedbogmargins. trees birch heathers, with replaced been have partial cottongrass and moss bog the as species plant bog activeraised such draining, of result the as formed; has bog raised degraded a excavated, mires are located by its edges. In areas where the drainage ditches has been Sudas- in transition and fens but bog, representeda by up taken is area are biggest The Mire. Zviedru bogs raised active and mires transition Fens, isu oeaem Pa auti, eynhs rflae Crim palustre, Cirsium trifoliate, Menyanthes palustris, Poa oleraceum, Cirsium bak grouse black , Calliergonella cuspidata Grus grus ero tetrix Tetrao . Picoides tridactylus Picoides and i te eb ae. h tpcl bryophytes typical The layer. herb the in e Erpa gle plover golden European , Bryum pseudotriquetrum . Furthermore, the mire is an is mireFurthermore, the . lvai apricaria Pluvialis . Ciconia 57 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

58 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

Fig. 5 Map ofSudas-Zviedru Mire. Fig. 6 Spore-pollen percentage diagram for sediments taken from Sudas-Zviedru Mire. 59 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

60 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) hawk’s-beard cabbage as such thistle species, plant vascular Common Staburags. Raunas on planted century last of middle the in was – Book Red Latvia’s of I Category the rarest species of vascular plants of Latvia, extinct in wild and included in can be seen in Staburags vicinity. Alpine butterwort fern-leaved hook-moss water calcareous where places in discharges. only Such species of grows moss as curled that hookmoss moss of species rare many hosts it because area protected valuable highly is Staburags Raunas well. as flakes travertine and tufa – commonly less springs; those in seen often are limestone, of sedimentation of process habitat. in formatted this flakes, light in Tiny, included are water carbonate-rich calcium discharge that habitat the of localities important Petrifying springs with tufa most formation ( the of one is Staburags Raunas Vegetation still continues. intotravertine.turning and “growth”The travertineof Staburags Raunas on the result of being flowed over 3.5 by calcareous and water, moss long has been calcifying metres 17 is metres high, cliff formed at discharge limestone place of calcium carbonate-rich This springs. As years. 8000 of period the It has been estimated that formation of Raunas Staburags happened during Development ofRaunasStaburags one ofthemostendangered naturalattractionobjectsinthecountry. to excessive Due visit rare. of the fairly site Raunas is Staburags Latvia during the in last years formation has limestone become of type this Daugavas Staburags, of flooding After cliff. limestone freshwater unique the to protect 1987 in back founded was area protected specially This centre. village Raunas R aunas Cirsium oleraceumCirsium tbrg i lctd n aly f ie Rua nt a fo Rauna from far not Rauna, river of valley in located is Staburags Crepis paludosa S taburags Cratoneuron filicinum , waterforget-me-not, , canbeseenaround the limestonecliff. Cratoneurion

and endive pellia Myosotispalustris ) (7220). Only the springs Pinguicula alpina Palustriella commutata Pellia endiviifolia and marsh and – one of ,

r caatrsi t ptiyn srns ae iapaig s h rsl of result the as disappearing are springs, petrifying to characteristic are which year.Species, every happens that Staburags Raunas to visits tourist excessivethe Reserveis Nature this to endangerments greatest the of One Endangerment were eliminated. - “Wetlands” project LIFE the within out activities carried were management the 2017 and 2016 In springs. Staburags spread Raunas but plants), 50 hogweed Sosnowsky’s than more (no Small Management actions trampling. ealu ssosy hs en icvrd y the by discovered been has sosnowskyi Heracleum Fig. 7 Map ofRaunasStaburags. n got o a invasive an of growth ing H. sosnowskyi H. plants 61 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

62 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

Fig. 8 Scheme ofdevelopment ofRaunasStaburags. University ofGroningen, TheNetherlands LIST OFPARTICIPANTS [email protected] Latvian PeatAssociation, Latvia [email protected] LIFE Schreiadler -State Office ofEnvironment Brandenburg Germany, Germany [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] Private, Latvia [email protected] Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] Science RussianAcademy ofSciences, Russia Forestof Ecosystems, Institute Peatland of Restoration and Protection forCenter [email protected] Natural England,United Kingdom [email protected] Naturalists Club,Poland [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] Asociation BalticCoasts, Latvia [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] Dace Benjamin B Artūrs Annika Andrey Sirin Andrew A Aina Aija Agnese Ab aiba lma Grootjans Peršēvica Skredele O S Galniece zola za Anton P Rozenfelds C riede f Herold ole nagel -W o ł ejko 63 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

64 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

[email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, LIFE10NAT/LV/000160-HYDROPLAN, Latvia [email protected] Ministry ofthe Environment, Estonia [email protected] State Forest ManagementCentre, Estonia [email protected] Association BalticCoasts, Latvia [email protected] Joint Stock Company LatvianState Forests, Latvia [email protected] Biologische Station Kreis Paderborn -Sennee.V., Germany [email protected] Syndicat MixtedesMilieuxAquatiques duHaut-Doubs, France [email protected] Fylkesmannen ofOslo/Akershus, Norway [email protected] Environmental Protection Club,Latvia [email protected] Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] Environmental Protection Club,Latvia [email protected] Leibniz-Institute ofFreshwater Ecology andInlandFisheries,Germany [email protected] Natural England,United Kingdom Herdis Harti Gundega Guna G G Even Elita Eerik Edmunds Dominik David Dana erda enevieve Tvede Kalniņa Lū B Leibak P H L Fridolin altiņa aimets argreaves ange se Zak Freimane Kance M L agnon

unde Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, LIFE10NAT/LV/000160-HYDROPLAN, Latvia [email protected] Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] University ofAberdeen, United Kingdom [email protected] Aarhus University, Dep.ofBioscience, Denmark [email protected] Gauja nationalparkfoundation, Latvia [email protected] Modern Technology Development Fund, Latvia [email protected] University ofLatvia,Faculty ofGeographicandEarthSciences, Latvia [email protected]; [email protected] “Jaunie asni”, Latvia [email protected] Natural England,United Kingdom [email protected] Administration oftheSumava NationalPark, CzechRepublic [email protected] County Governor ofOsloandAkershus, Norway [email protected] GeoExpert Ltd., Latvia [email protected] Jüri Joseph Jens Jānis Jānis Jānis JĀnis Jac I Ingrid Inese Indrek I vana eva queline -O L Peder S Dzilna Dreimanis Mozumacs Martena azda B tt Kleppenes a Oyesiku Hiiesalu ufkov ulītis S alm Hounisen Ogden

á -Blakemore

Verne

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66 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia)

[email protected] Asociation BalticCoasts, Latvia [email protected] Private, Germany [email protected] University ofLatvia,Latvia [email protected] University ofLatvia,Faculty ofGeography andEarthSciences, Latvia [email protected] NABU, Germany [email protected] Lithuanian Fund for Nature, Lithuania [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] University ofLatviaFaculty ofGeography andEarthSciences, Latvia [email protected] University ofLatvia,Latvia [email protected] Environmental Board Estonia,Estonia [email protected] Ministry ofEnvironment andFood ofDenmark,Nature Agency, Denmark [email protected] Ministry oftheEnvironment, Estonia [email protected] Lithuanian Fund for Nature, Lithuania Makowka Līga Līga Leticia Leonas La Laimdota Krišjānis Katrin Karen Kadri Jūratė Sendžikaitė Juris ura Strazdiņa P Pētersons Möller aparde Grīnberga Margrethe Jurema Jürgens Jarašius Liba Kalniņa W aldemar

uers

Poulsen

Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] Estonian University ofLife Sciences, EstonianWetland Society, Estonia [email protected] Parc naturel régional duHaut-Jura, France [email protected] Biologische Station Kreis Paderborn -Senne,Germany [email protected] University ofLatvia,Latvia [email protected] Saint Petersburg State University, Russia [email protected] Lithuanian Fund for Nature, Lithuania [email protected] NaturSchutzFonds Brandenburg, Germany [email protected] Eesti LoodushoiuKeskus /Wildlife Estonia,Estonia [email protected] University ofLatvia,Latvia [email protected] University ofLatvia,Latvia [email protected] Eesti LoodushoiuKeskus /Wildlife Estonia,Estonia [email protected] Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] Pierre Peter Oļģerts Olga Nerijus Michael Meelis Māra Marta Mart Marko Mariliis Marika Galanina Thalfeldt P Rüther B Durlet T K akalne K Zableckis Haljasorg Aleksāns ambets aumane Zauft ohv ose

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[email protected] Estonian Fund for Nature, Estonia [email protected] Private, Germany [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] University ofGroningen, TheNetherlands [email protected] LIFE Schreiadler -State Office ofEnvironment Brandenburg Germany, Germany [email protected] Lithuanian Fund for Nature, Lithuania [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] Nature Research Centre, Lithuania [email protected] Moors for theFuture Partnership ,United Kingdom [email protected] University ofLatvia,Latvia [email protected] Metsähallitus Parks &Wildlife Finland,Finland [email protected] State Forest ManagementCentre, Estonia [email protected] Vilnius University, Lithuania Susanne S S Ron Romas Rolands Rita Richard Reinis Reijo R R Piret andra amer asa eevo Meier Linkevičienė Šimana Hokkanen Pungas P Bitenieks Elshehawi P Ikauniece aas Guy akalnis Auziņš Rüther -Uhlherr

uskienė -K ohv

[email protected] und Naturschutz,Germany Niedersäschicher LandesbetriebfürWasserwirtschaft, Küsten- [email protected] University ofLatvia,Faculty ofBiology, Latvia [email protected] West Pomeranian Technological University inSzczecin,Poland [email protected] Nature Conservation Agency, Latvia [email protected] APB-BirdLife Belarus,Belarus [email protected] Private, Latvia [email protected] Environmental Board Estonia,Estonia [email protected] NABU, Germany [email protected] BUND DiepholzerMoorniederung, Germany Zaiga Wołejko Vita Viktar Uldis Triin T Thorsten Thomas om Caune Kirschey Amos S Landorfa Fenchuk a Abeling ulītis Lesław Obraca

y 69 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

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NOTES 71 Conference on Conservation and Management of Wetland Habitats

NOTES 72 July 11–12, 2017 – Riga (Latvia) NOTES