State of Washington, D.C.'S Neighborhoods A-3
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State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods Prepared by Peter A. Tatian G. Thomas Kingsley Margery Austin Turner Jennifer Comey Randy Rosso Prepared for The Office of Planning The Government of the District of Columbia September 30, 2008 The Urban Institute 2100 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 UI project no. 08040-000-01 State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments............................................................................................. vi About this Report ............................................................................................... 1 I. Introduction...................................................................................................... 3 II. Demographics................................................................................................. 9 Population......................................................................................................................9 Households..................................................................................................................13 III. Economy – Jobs and Income ..................................................................... 15 Employed Residents and Unemployment Rate...........................................................15 Poverty and Household Income ..................................................................................18 Public Assistance ........................................................................................................21 IV. Economy – Housing.................................................................................... 25 Home and Condominium Sales...................................................................................25 Home Sale Prices........................................................................................................27 Mortgage Lending........................................................................................................30 Incomes of Homebuyers..............................................................................................33 Race/Ethnicity of Homebuyers ....................................................................................36 Foreclosures................................................................................................................38 V. Education...................................................................................................... 43 Public School Students................................................................................................44 State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods iii Free and Reduced Price Lunch...................................................................................49 Proficiency in Reading and Math.................................................................................51 VI. Health ........................................................................................................... 55 Births to Mothers Who Received Adequate Prenatal Care..........................................55 Low-Weight Births .......................................................................................................56 Births to Teenage Mothers ..........................................................................................58 Infant Deaths ...............................................................................................................59 Deaths from Heart Disease .........................................................................................61 VII. Family, Youth, and Seniors ....................................................................... 63 Household Types.........................................................................................................65 Child and Elderly Poverty ............................................................................................66 Births ...........................................................................................................................68 VIII. Safety and Security................................................................................... 71 Violent Crime Rate ......................................................................................................71 Property Crime Rate....................................................................................................73 IX. Environment ................................................................................................ 75 Tree Coverage and Health ..........................................................................................76 Vacant Land and Abandoned Property .......................................................................77 Access to Parks...........................................................................................................79 Green Roofs ................................................................................................................79 State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods iv X. Conclusion.................................................................................................... 83 References ........................................................................................................ 87 Appendix A – Data Charts and Tables.......................................................... A-1 Appendix B – Data Sources and Notes ........................................................ B-1 Appendix C – proposed list of indicators..................................................... C-1 State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods v State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the following persons for their help in preparing this report: Howard Ways and Art Rodgers, the D.C. Office of Planning and Joy E. Phillips, D.C. State Data Center, for their insightful comments and for providing additional data to support the analysis of neighborhood conditions and trends; Holli Howard, Casey Trees, for supplying data on tree coverage and conditions; D.C. Office of the Chief Technology Officer, Geographic Information System, for maintaining and providing D.C. map coverages; Elizabeth Guernsey, Urban Institute, for preparing the data on public schools and students; Lesley Friedman, Urban Institute, for producing the maps used in this report; and Tim Ware, Urban Institute, for help in assembling the final report. State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods vii State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods viii State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods 1 ABOUT THIS REPORT The District’s leaders – civic, business, and political – have committed to a strategy of capitalizing on the city’s many assets (both old and new) and taking advantage of its recent growth and prosperity to tackle the challenges of inequality and exclusion that persist. Sustained investments in affordable housing, mixed-income neighborhoods, school improvement, crime prevention, and economic development offer the potential to achieve the goals of equitable, inclusive, and sustainable growth in the years ahead. This report seeks to aid the city’s leaders and citizens in addressing challenges and meeting goals through tracking and measuring major economic and social indicators. Following an introduction, the report provides a baseline assessment of the current situation in the city and comparison of measures over recent years. Indicators are grouped into eight subject categories: • Demographics • Economy – Jobs and Income • Economy – Housing • Education • Health • Family, Youth, and Seniors • Safety and Security • Public Investment • Environment Each section provides a series of indicators meant to measure different aspects of the issue. The indicators are discussed in the text and presented in charts and maps, providing a citywide, ward, and neighborhood context for current conditions and trends. A full set of data tables and comparison charts for the 39 neighborhood clusters (listed below and shown in the map) can be found in the report appendices. The ward and neighborhood cluster data have all been adjusted by NeighborhoodInfo DC to consistent geographic boundaries, even for older data. The ward boundaries used throughout this report are those established in 2002, according to the redistricting following the 2000 decennial census. The neighborhood cluster boundaries are those determined by the D.C. Office of Planning around this same time. State of Washington, D.C.’s Neighborhoods 2 Neighborhood Clusters (full names) Map – Neighborhood Clusters 1 Kalorama Heights, Adams Morgan, Lanier Heights 2 Columbia Heights, Mt. Pleasant, Pleasant Plains, Park View 3 Howard University, Le Droit Park, Cardozo/Shaw 4 Georgetown, Burleith/Hillandale 5 West End, Foggy Bottom, GWU 6 Dupont Circle, Connecticut Avenue/K Street 7 Shaw, Logan Circle 8 Downtown, Chinatown, Penn Quarters, Mount Vernon Square, North Capitol Street 9 Southwest Employment Area, Southwest/Waterfront, Fort McNair, Buzzard Point 10 Hawthorne, Barnaby Woods, Chevy Chase 11 Friendship Heights, American University Park, Tenleytown 12 North Cleveland Park, Forest Hills, Van Ness 13 Spring Valley, Palisades, Wesley Heights, Foxhall Crescent, Foxhall Village, Georgetown Reservoir 14 Cathedral Heights, McLean Gardens, Glover Park 15 Cleveland Park, Woodley Park, Massachusetts Avenue Heights, Woodland-Normanstone Terrace 16 Colonial Village,