Of Wonders Wild and New
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H^v~ . ^^H • Of Wonders Wild and New DREAMS FROM ZINACANTAN •, I Robert M. Laughlin '.c'v/ - HHH SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER 22 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of profes sional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other in terested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY • NUMBER 22 Of Wonders Wild and New DREAMS FROM ZINACANTAN Robert M. Laughlin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1976 ABSTRACT Laughlin, Robert M. Of Wonders Wild and New: Dreams from Zinacantan. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, number 22, 178 pages, frontispiece, 14 figures, 1976.—This collection of 260 dream texts from Zinacantan, Chiapas, Mexico, was recorded in Tzotzil, primarily during 1963, and subsequently translated by the author into English. Dreams are ascribed considerable impor tance by the Zinacantecs, who see them not merely as portents of future events, but as actual, present encounters of the individual's soul, both in its contest with the souls of hostile humans and in communicataion with the deities. Dreams inform an individual of his capacity as a musician, a bonesetter, a mid wife, or a shaman. Over one hundred dream motifs are given standard interpretations by the Zinacantecs, who modify them to fit personal situations. Included here are the dreams of eleven Zinacantecs, two of whom were shamans. Their richness of dialogue and imagery represent a hitherto much neglected aspect of Middle American culture. The dreams are accompanied by ethnographic commentary. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Laughlin, Robert M. Of wonders wild and new. (Smithsonian contributions to anthropology ; no. 22) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.33:22 1. Tzotzil Indians. 2. Dreams. I. Title. II. Series GN1.S54 no. 22 [F1221.T9] 301.2'08s [301.2TJ 75-619278 IV Contents Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi EPIGRAPH xii INTRODUCTION 1 Staging and Production 1 Scholarship 1 Knowledge 3 Trade 12 ROMIN TERATOL ... 15 My Wood Is Stolen, a Woman Offers To Cure My Baby, We Flee from a Slaughterhouse, We Walk on a Scary Trail (D00) 17 I Say Goodbye to a Corpse (DO) 18 Pooh on Him and Pooh on Me (Dl) 19 An Owl Screeches, I Kill a Black Cat (D2) 19 I Buy Quinces, My Wife Is Cooking at the Foot of the Fence (D3) . 20 My Hoe Is Stolen, I Am Chased and Fly Away (D4) 20 I Am Nearly Stoned, I Drink Chicha, I Pull a Pebble from My Leg (D5) 21 I Stab My Wife (D6) 22 They Borrow Chickens, Ladinos Land in a Plane, I Offer My Hat (D7) 22 I Am Building a Church (D8) 23 My Aunt Dies, I Am Jailed in San Andres, My Boy Dies (D9) 23 I Get Married (D9b) 25 I Am Chased by Women (D10) 25 I Lend Some Money (Dll) ...... 25 I Am Chased by a Man and a Woman (D12) 26 I Hoe and Am Asked for a Loan (D13) 26 I See a Bull Slaughtered (D14) 27 I Go on a 'Possum Hunt (D15) 27 I Carry Rocks, Find Honey and Pine Needles, Fly from Ladinos (D16) 27 I Am Caught in a Rainstorm (D17) 29 I Am Late to Work and Am Chased by Ladinas (D18) .... 29 I Am Jailed for Nothing, Chickens Talk to Me (D19) 31 I Find Beautiful Stones, See a Snake, We Fly Away (D20) 31 I Am Offered Three Stones (D21) . .. 32 I Fight a Man (D22) ... 33 I Scold a Shaman (D23) 33 I Ride a Flying Cow (D24) 34 I Do Roadwork, Am Chased, Fly, and Am Offered a Watch (D25) 34 I Work in the Belltower, Give Advice, Distribute Corn (D26) 35 I Have a Drink, See a Plane, Our Clothes Drop in Church (D27) 37 I Am Offered Corn (D28) 38 We Walk through a Deserted Village (D50) 38 I Am Offered Some Medicine (D145) 39 I Go Hunting with an Old Woman, I Am Asked To Give a Responsory, I Accept a Drink (D146) 39 I Gather Snails, I Throw a Black Bull (D147) 40 Vi SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY Page MIKEL (7JO<£IL 42 Our Salt Is Ruined, We Fight, We Are Jailed (D51) 42 I Am in the Graveyard and My Boy Is Alive Again (D52) 43 I Get Married (D53) 43 Cross Day and We Fight (D54) 43 I Am a Shepherd, I Am Cut Open (D55) 43 I Try To Cross a River, I Find Mushrooms (D56) 44 I Work with My Dead Father, We Have Heaps of Corn (D57) 44 They Come To Grab Me (D58) 44 I Am Falling off a Cliff (D59) • - • 45 My Father Is Dressed in Red (D60) 45 I Am Offered Tassels by a Pretty Girl (D60b) 45 ?ANSELMO PERES ... .... 47 I Am Chased by Snakes, Saved by a Man, Given a Cross and a Drink (D247) 48 We Are Chased by Cows, We Kill Them, a Chamulan and I Take a Leg (D248) 49 I Get in a Fight, I Hide, Am Given a Drink, Find a Snake, Behead a Man (D249) 50 I Am Buying Sandals, I Hug a Girl, Kill a Cow, See a Corpse, Catch a Horse (D250) 51 I Find a Corpse, We Bury Him, the Women Attack Me (D251) 52 ROMIN TAN-CAK .... 54 My Pants Are Muddy (D61) 54 What Shamans Are Shown, What They See, How Animal Spirits Are Fed (D62) . 54 I Do Roadwork (D63) .... 56 I Commit a Murder and Run Away (D64) 56 I Drop My Sandals in a Ravine, I Am Scared by a Dog, I Am Offered Food (D65) 57 What Musicians Are Shown (D66) 57 What Shamans Are Shown (D67) . 58 What Midwives and Bonesetters Are Shown (D68) 58 I Am Carried from a Cave (D69) 59 My Sister Was Underground (D70) ... 60 I Miss Roadwork (D71) ... .. 60 MAL MONTISYO ... ... ... ... 61 I Try Crossing a River, I See Cows (D192) . 61 I See a Deer (D193) 61 I Help Put Out a Fire (D194) 62 I Try To Stop Up a Water Pipe (D195) 62 I Am Herding My Sheep (D196) 62 I Fall off a Cliff with a Child (D197) 63 I Enter a Ladino's House (D198) . 63 I Am Gathering Firewood, I See a Rabbit (D199) 63 I Meet Two Elders on the Path (D200) 63 I Am Summoned to the Courthouse (D201) ... ... 64 I See Roosters Fighting (D202) ... 65 My Patient Rolls off the Trail (D203) .... ... 65 I Am Asked To Cure and Pretend I Am Drunk (D204) 65 I Am Asked To Continue a Curing Ceremony (D205) .... 66 I Am Drinking Cane Liquor with Bugs in It (D206) 66 I Have a Baby (D207) 66 I Attend a Wedding (D208) 67 I See Drunks in Church (D209) 67 My Hair Falls Out (D210) ... ... 67 My Tooth Falls Out (D211) . 68 My Laundry Is Swept Away (D212) 68 I Am Naked (D21S) ... 68 CONTENTS Vll Page I Am Chased, I Fly Away (D214) 69 I Am Taken To Be Buried (D215) 69 I See a Cow Slaughtered (D216) 69 I Am Dancing and Drinking (D217) 69 My Mother Advises Me Not To Cure a Patient, I Do Anyway, I Drink (D218) 70 I See a Witching Party (D219) 70 I Go on a Curing Ceremony, the Sacrificial Rooster Flies Off (D220) 71 I Am in an Earthquake (D221) . 71 I Am Chased by a Cow and Climb a Tree (D222) 71 I Meet a Curing Party, We Are Told To Offer Candles, We Drink, I Am Chased by a Ram (D223) 71 I Kill a Goat, I Meet a Black Dog (D224) ... 72 A Spook Gets in My House (D225) 72 A Charcoal Cruncher Gets in My House (D226) 73 I See a Fallen Flesh (D227) 73 My Husband Gets Drunk and Beats Me (D228) 74 I Take a Steambath (D229) ... 74 I Am Given Corn Gruel, I Drink It (D230) 74 I Get into a Car (D231) 74 I Sell Some Cabbages (D232) . 7-1 1 See a Curing Party (D233) 75 I Ask To Be Installed as a Shaman, Our Way Is Blocked by a River (D234) 75 MARUC LOPIS ..