Dreams in Early Modern England: Frameworks of Interpretation
Dreams in Early Modern England: Frameworks of Interpretation by Janine Rivière A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of PhD Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto. © Copyright by Janine Rivière (2013) Abstract Dreams in Early Modern England: Frameworks of Interpretation, PhD (2013), Janine Rivière, Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto. While dreams as visions have received much attention from historians, less work has been undertaken on understanding more commonly experienced dreams that occurred in sleep. In this dissertation I seek to begin redressing this neglect. Two overarching questions focus the dissertation: How did early modern English people understand their dreams? And did these understandings change in response to significant developments in English culture? To answer these questions I explore early modern English theories, beliefs and experiences of dreams through a close study of key medical, demonological, philosophical, spiritual, oneirocritic and private writings. I suggest that in the period 1550-1750 there were three principal frameworks used to understand dreams: (1) health of the body and mind, (2) prediction and (3) spirituality. These three frameworks coexisted, either reinforcing or contesting one another throughout the period. The framework of health saw dreams as natural products of the body and mind that revealed the overall health of the dreamer. In the model of prediction, dreams were deemed significant, yet encoded, clues to the future that required careful interpretation. Finally, in spiritual frameworks, dreams were conceived as sent by God, angels or the Devil. Since early modern English writings reveal a diversity of natural and supernatural theories about dreams that never really “declined,” a study of them also helps to complicate ideas about the “disenchantment of the world." Finally, I also suggest that early modern English writings on dreams reveal the perceived vulnerability of the dreamer to internal and external forces.
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