9781107025578 Index.Pdf

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02557-8 - The Sainte-chapelle and the Construction of Sacral Monarchy: Royal Architecture in Thirteenth-Century Paris Meredith Cohen Index More information

INDEX

Aachen Billot, Claudine, 166 Charlemagne’s palace chapel, 117 Biram, Jean, 177 as prototype for Sainte-Chapelle, 117–20 bishop’s chapel (building type), 135–8 relics, 117 Blanche of Castile, 51 , 146 , 147 , 162 , 167 , 176 , Abbot Suger, 143 196 , 199 Abelard, Peter, 28 architectural patronage, 120–1 , 183 Adam of Senlis, bishop, 152 Blezzard, Judith, 168 Agnès de Méran, 63 Bloch, Marc, 143 Albertus Magnus, 8 Boeswillwald, Émile, 158 Alexander, Jonathan, 168 Boileau, Étienne, 173 , 194 Alfonse of Poitiers Böker, Hans, 119 patronage of Friars of the Sack, 178 Boniface VIII, pope, 152 Alfonso II of Asturias, 120 Boniface, archibishop of Mayence, 142 Amiens, city of, 111 Bons-Enfants, 177 , 178 cathedral, 34 , 92 Bony, Jean, 96 , 106 masons, 108–11 Boulet-Sautel, Marguerite, 170 Robert de Luzarches, 110 Bourdieu, Pierre, 7 Thomas de Cormont, 110 habitus, 7 radiating chapels, 100 symbolic power, 7 relation to the Sainte-Chapelle, 106–12 Branner, Robert, 3 , 15 , 47 , 96 , 99 , tracery, 100 163 , 172 Aquinas, Thomas, 8 responses to, 3 Aristotle, 7 Brenk, Beat, 82 , 162 Arnold II von Wied, archbishop of Cologne, 122 Breviary of Châteauroux, 150 Arsenal ms. 114. See Sainte-Chapelle: ordinals Brie-Comte-Robert art history Saint-Étienne “theoretical turn,” 3 triforium Autun plate tracery, 103 Saint-Lazare porch, 117 Caen Saint-Étienne Baker, Nick, 183 plate tracery, 102 Bar Sauma, 161 Cambrai Cathedral, 35 , 96 Battle of Bouvines. See Philip Augustus Capetians beauty perspective of Christian cosmology in medieval concepts of, 66–7 Sainte-Chapelle glass, 139 Beauvais Cathedral, 34 , 111 promotion of sacral kingship, 4 Bedos-Rezak, Brigitte, 143 Carruthers, Mary Béguines, 176 , 177 , 178 , 180 medieval experience of beauty, 66 Bernard of Clairvaux, 8 memory and rhetoric, 7 Berty, Adolph, 189 Carthusians, 174–5 , 177

287

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02557-8 - The Sainte-chapelle and the Construction of Sacral Monarchy: Royal Architecture in Thirteenth-Century Paris Meredith Cohen Index More information

288 Index

Catholic Church White Tower dogma, 8 St. John the Evangelist, 121 Paris Enguerrand IV of Coucy, 175 , 176 ecclesiastical authority, 15–18 Charlemagne, 117 , 142 Fawtier, Robert, 197 Charles IV, 161 Fécamp Charles V La Trinité patronage, 186 plate tracery, 102 Charles the Bald, 125 Félibien, André, 167 Chartres, city of, 111 Filles-Dieu, 180 . See also Paris buildings cathedral, 34 , 206 ﬂ eur-de-lys, 162 , 178 Saint-Père in Capetian heraldry, 143–4 , 183 tracery, 103 Foulques of Neuilly, 32 Cistercians, 178 , 191 Fourth Lateran Council, 153 Clement IV, pope, 152 Froissart, Jean, 151 Clement V, pope, 152 Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral Gallia Dominicana , 184 triforium Geertz, Clifford tracery, 104 thick description, 6 verticality, 93 Geoffrey of Beaulieu, 166 College of Cluny, 55 Givens, Jean, 86 Conrad III, 122 Gonesse Constantinople Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul Great Palace/Boukoleon tracery, 103 as prototype for Sainte-Chapelle, 5 Gothic architecture Sacra Capella, 12 , 115–17 , 124 , 137 , 144 apsidal chapels, 3 Constantine Copronymous, 115 decorative motifs, 37–41 Michael III, 115 ﬁ rst generation, 33–5 Passion relics, 115 Rayonnant, 5 , 11 , 12 , 35–63 , 92 , 112 , 198 Patriarch Photius, 115 development of as urban phenomenon, 41 Cornut, Gautier, archbishop of Sens, 63 , as ecclesiastical style, 5 , 11 , 200 166 , 168 in Louis IX’s later structures, 192 coronation rituals, 143 transmission to other artistic media, 63 Council of Lyon, 180 Grabar, André Council of Vienne, 178 on reliquary chapel typologies, 117 Court Style, 3 , 11 Grandes chroniques de France , 166 , 175 , 176 Crusade of 1248, 4 Grodecki, Louis, 3 , 96 cult of kings, 167 Guerout, Jean, 128 Guy of Bazoches, 18 David-Roy, Marguerite, 171 Davis, Michael, 99 , 183 , 193 habitus. See Bourdieu, Pierre Dechaume, Geoffroy, 85 Hacker-Sück, Inge, 135 , 136 Decorated Style. See England Helgaud of Fleury, 125 Deschamps, Eustache, 14 Hereford Cathedral. See England Dit des monstiers , 41 , 164 Hugh of Saint-Victor, 28 Dom Bouillart, 48 Humbert of Romans, 176 doppelkapellen , 120–4 , 135 , 144 , 196 Hundred Years’ War, 178 Doquang, Mailan, 99 Huyot, Jean-Nicolas, 130 Du Breul, Jacques, 183 Duban, Félix, 2 iconography of architecture. See Krautheimer, ductus . See memory Richard Île de la Cité, 16 . See also Paris Egidio Colonna, archbishop of Bourges, 172 indulgences. See Sainte-Chapelle: England indulgences architecture Ingeborg of Denmark, 63 Decorated Style, 105 , 112 Innocent II, pope, 169 Perpendicular Style, 94 , 112 Innocent IV, pope, 153 Hereford Cathedral, 119 Investiture Controversy, 169 Westminster Abbey Iogna-Prat, Dominique, 8 radiating chapels, 100 Isabella of Bavaria, 151

Index 289

Jacques de Révigny, 170 Louis VIII, 21 , 51 , 120 , 146 Jalabert, Denise, 86 Louis XIII, 131 Jean de Blanot, 169 , 170 Louis XIV, 131 Jean de Jandun, 1 , 66 , 164 Louvre. See Philip Augustus Jean de Joinville, 160 , 171 , 174 , 176 , 194 , 199 Jerusalem Magnus, Albertus. See Albertus Magnus Holy Sepulchre, 124 , 137 Mallet, Alain Manesson, 186 as prototype for Sainte-Chapelle, 5 masons, 62 John of Garland, 8 , 166 mobility of, 111 John the Teuton, 176 Pierre de Montreuil, 47 Jordan, Alyce, 141 Robert de Luzarches, 110 Jordan, William Chester, 171 , 199 role of master mason, 34 Thomas de Cormont, 110 Kantorowicz, Ernst, 124 , 143 Maurice de Sully, 16 Kimpel, Dieter, 110 medieval studies:, 8 kingship memory, 7–8 . See also Carruthers, Mary images of, 4 mendicants, 32 , 192 Knights Hospitalers, 33 architecture, 191–2 Knights Templar, 26 , 33 , 46–7 , 174 Augustinians, 32 , 174 , 178 , 180 , 181 , 186–7 Krautheimer, Richard, 12 , 191 Brothers of Saint William. See (mendicants: iconography of architecture, 12 , 113–14 Guillemites) Kurmann, Peter, 106 Brothers of the Holy Cross, 174 , 175 , 178 , 180 , 181 Laon Cathedral, 35 , 77 , 96 Brothers of the Holy Trinity for the Lassus, Jean-Baptiste, 2 Redemption of Captives. See (mendicants: Lauwers, Michel, 9 Mathurins) Le Goff, Jacques, 3 , 232 , 251 Brothers of the Penitence of Jesus. See (mendi- Lebeuf, Abbé Jean, 175 , 186 , 189 cants: Friars of the Sack) Limoges Cathedral building projects, 55 verticality, 93 Carmelites, 32 , 174 , 178 , 180 , 181 , 186 liturgy, 12 Carthusians, 174 , 180 at royal reliquary chapels, 124 Cordeliers, 32 , 171 , 175 , 177 , 179 , 180 , Livre des Métiers , 173 182 , 191 Lombard-Jourdan, Anne, 27 Dominicans. See (mendicants: Jacobins) longitudinal plan, 120–4 Franciscans. See (mendicants: Cordeliers) Louis I the Pious, 142 Friars of the Sack, 174 , 175 , 178 , 180 Louis IX, 144 Guillemites, 174 , 175 , 178 , 180 acquisition of the Crown of Thorns, 147 Jacobins, 32 , 171 , 176 , 177 , 179 , 180 , as benefactor, 174 183–4 , 191 comparison with Philip Augustus, 198 Louis IX as patron of, 174 early reign, 146 , 196 Mathurins, 32 , 174 , 176 , 178 , 179 , 184 interacting with relics, 160 in Paris, 180–1 later reign, 192–4 , 198–9 White Mantles, 174 , 178 , 180 , 181 patronage, 1 , 4 , 5 Merovingian architecture, 41 architectural, 5 , 13 , 171–91 , 198–9 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 66 appointment of Master of the King’s monumentalization . See also Iogna-Prat, Works, 173 Dominique later reign, 192–3 Murray, Stephen, 68 , 77 patronage of religious foundations, 172 on Amiens, 110 problems with the Church, 146–7 Musée national du Moyen Âge, 48 , 59 , 85 promotion of sacral kingship, 4 reign of, 7 Nora, Pierre sacral kingship, 143 , 147–8 realm of memory, 2 Sainte-Chapelle’s role in, 197–8 Notre-Dame Sainte-Chapelle’s role in the monarchy of, 196 Saint-Jean le Rond, baptistery, 32 sanctity of, 4 Notre-Dame de la Victoire, 21 second crusade, 177 Notre-Dame, cathedral of Paris. See Paris buildings self-representation, 199–200 Louis VI, 24 , 125 , 127 , 143 Odo of Châteauroux, papal legate, 153 Louis VII, 125 Odo of Sully, 32

290 Index

Orléans, city of, 177 Saint-Ladre, 164 O’Tool, Mark, 262 Saint-Martin des Champs, 26 , 41 , 164 Oviedo refectory, 100 Cámara Santa, 120–1 , 124 Saint-Nicolas du Louvre, 30 Saint-Paul, 32 Palais de la Cité. See Paris buildings: Île de la Cité Saint-Sauveur, 30 Palermo Saint-Victor, 26 Cappella Palatina, 122–4 Temple, 26 , 46–7 Parent, Jean, 159 Île de la Cité Paris, 1 , 10 Hôtel-Dieu, 33 , 61 , 177 , 178 , 191 buildings Notre-Dame, 3 , 15 , 33 , 35 , 41 , 113 , 139 , architectural importance, 3 164 , 183 portals, 99–100 bishop’s chapel, 137–8 as a sacred city, 182 decoration, 35 city gates, 181–2 lateral chapels, 99 commerce and economy, 29 nave chapels tracery, 100 decorative arts, 193 Portail Rouge, 100 ecclesiastical authority, 15–18 Rayonnant verticality, 93 economy, 62 towers tracery, 103 establishment as a capital, 4 tympanum, 85 growth of urban population, 29–32 Palais de Justice, 1 hospitals, 33 Palais de la Cité, 11 , 1 , 18 , 23 , 24 , 114 , 125 , as the New Jerusalem, 5 148–51 , 196 parish churches, 41–6 Chambre Verte, 148 population growth, 64 chapels, 125–31 royal architecture, 4 , 10 Cour du Roi, 148 , 150 Frenchness of, 5 Galerie du Roi, 138 , 148 as capital city, 111 Grand’Salle, 151 secular colleges, architecture of, 55–61 Grands Degrez, 151 thirteenth century building boom, 64 Grosse Tour, 24 , 148 university of, 8 , 29 Oratory of the Virgin, 150 Paris buildings palace complex improvements, 138 extra muros Saint-Barthélemy, 127 Bons-Enfants, 177 Saint-Nicolas, 138 , 144 , 150 Carthusians, 180 , 190 Salle du Roi, 24 , 138 , 148 , 151 Filles-Dieu, 176–7 , 180 Salle sur l’Eau/Salle Saint-Louis, 138 Guillemites, 180 Tour Bonbec, 138 Quinze-Vingts, 177 , 178 , 180 , 187–90 Trésor de Chartes, 138 sculpture, 189 Verger du Roi, 150 Saint-Antoine des Champs, 30 , 32 , 164 , Saint-Denis de la Chartre, 32 , 164 171 , 191 Sainte-Geneviève des Ardents, 32 Saint-Denis. See (Saint-Denis) Saint-Jean le Rond, 32 Sainte-Catherine du Val des Ecoliers, 32 , 51 , Saint-Michel, 164 171 , 178 , 191 Saint-Pierre aux Boeufs, 32 , 41 , 46 , 100 Saint-Germain des Prés, 3 , 33 , 41 , 77 , 93 , Saint-Symphorien, 32 148 , 175 Left Bank, 180 capitals, 87 Augustinians, 186–7 Eudes, abbot of, 47 Bons-Enfants, 179 Hugh d’Issy, abbot of, 47 Carmelites, 180 , 186 Lady Chapel, 11 , 51 , 100 College of Cluny, 33 , 100 capitals, 87 cloister tracery, 104 dado, 105 College of the Bernardins, 33 modernist tendencies, 112 Cordeliers, 164 , 179 , 180 , 182–3 , 191 refectory, 48 decoration, 183 capitals, 87 timber roof, 184 Simon, abbot of, 47 Friars of the Sack, 180 Thomas de Mauléon, 47 Jacobins, 51 , 179 , 180 , 183–4 , 187 , 191 Saint-Germain en Laye. See (Saint-Germain double nave plan, 183 en Laye) timber roof, 184 Saint-Honoré, 30 windows, 184

Index 291

Mathurins, 179 , 184 assertion of royal power, 7 Saint Jacques. See (Left Bank: Jacobins) Battle of Bouvines, 20 , 21 , 51 , 143 Saint-André des Arts, 32 , 175 , 180 as defensor populi , 147 Saint-Côme-Saint-Damien, 32 , 179 development of Paris as capital, 10–11 , 15 , Sainte-Geneviève, 26 , 32 , 33 63 , 196 Sainte-Marie-Madeleine. See (Left Bank: metropolitan architecture, 172 Cordeliers) sacral kingship, 143 Saint-Étienne du Mont, 32 Saint-Germain en Laye, 131 Saint-Jean de Latran, 33 , 164 as secular ruler, 198 capitals, 87 visual division of power, 10 , 21–6 , 63–4 Saint-Martin des Champs, 33 Philip III, 57 Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet, 32 Philip IV, 130 , 138 , 143 , 151 , 161 , 193 Saint-Séverin, 32 , 41 Philip the Fair. See Philip IV triforium tracery, 103 Pierre de Montreuil, 47 , 66 Sorbonne, 33 Post, Gaines, 169 , 170 Right Bank Premonstratensians, 32 Augustinians, 180 , 181 Béguines, 176 Quinze-Vingts. See Paris buildings Brothers of the Holy Cross, 180 , 181 Carmelites, 180 , 181 Ravenna Filles-Dieu, 33 , 180 San Vitale, 117 , 118 Guillemites, 180 Rayonnant. See Gothic architecture La Trinité, 33 reception of architecture, 8 , 9 Quinze-Vingts, 33 , 180 Reims, city of, 111 , 177 Sainte-Catherine de la Couture, 164 bishop’s chapel, 136 Saint-Eustache, 32 cathedral, 34 , 92 , 167 , 200 Saint-Germain l’Auxerrois, 25 , 30 , 32 , 164 divine chrism and sacral kingship, 142–3 capitals, 87 episcopal authority, 144 Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais, 32 , 46 stylistic relationship with Sainte- portal, 100 Chapelle, 112 Saint-Josse, 32 Hincmar, archibishop of, 142–3 Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles, 32 Saint-Nicaise, 96–9 , 104 Saint-Merry, 32 relics, 193 Saint-Opportune, 32 crown of thorns, 1 , 5 , 147 , 159 Saints-Innocents, 32 holy cross, 1 White Mantles, 180 , 181 Robert II, 18 , 125 , 143 Pennington, Kenneth, 169 , 170 Robert of Sorbon, 55 , 174 Pepin the Short, 142 Robert the Pious. See Robert II performance, 12 Roger II, 122 Perpendicular Style. See England Rome Perraut, Aurélie, 193 Old Saint Peter’s, 42 , 113 Peter the Chanter, 16 Rouen, city of Philip Augustus, 10 , 146 , 195–6 cathedral architectural and urban projects, 11 , 15 portal, 100 building program in Paris, 4–5 , 64–5 , 196 status in twelfth century, 14 masons, 173 royal image walls, 22–8 , 183 role of architectural ornament, 112 building program outside of Paris, 18–21 royal suzerainty, 169–70 castles, 18–19 Rutebeuf, 175 Dourdan, 18 Ryle, Stephen, 168 Péronne, 18 donjons , 19–20 Sacra Capella. See Constantinople Issoudun, 21 sacral kingship, 4 , 7 , 142–5 , 169–70 , Melun, 21 197–8 walls, 20 relationship of architecture to, 12 Notre-Dame de la Victoire, 21 Sainte-Chapelle as an expression of, secular architecture, 18–21 139–41 , 198 in comparison with Louis IX, 145 Saint Dominic, 184 Louvre, 22–3 Saint Helena, 115 Petit Châtelet, 24 Saint Louis. See Louis IX

292 Index

Saint Louis and the Court Style in Gothic Architecture . longitudinal plan, 120–4 , 137 See Branner, Robert lower chapel, 70 , 75 , 159 Saint-Denis, 3 , 11 , 33 , 37 , 41 , 77 , 164 , 167 , 200 painting, 232 association with Saint-Germain en Laye, 134 worship in, 158–9 decorative motifs, 37–41 Marian imagery, 158 modernist tendencies, 112 ordinals, 154–6 north transept portal, 100 Arsenal ms. 114, 155–6 , 157–8 , 166 sacral kingship, 144 as pilgrimage site, 167 tracery, 100 porch, 69 Tree of Jesse window, 144 portals, 79–82 Sainte-Chapelle, 1 , 41 , 183 processions, 164–7 Aachen as prototype, 117–20 proportions and dimensions, 75–9 access to, 150 relation to Amiens, 106–12 altars, 134 relation to bishop’s chapel type, 135–8 , 197 apostle sculptures, 86 relation to Great Palace/Boukoleon, architecture 115–17 , 197 Rayonnant, 5 relation to Saint-Germain en Laye, 131–5 as an architectural prototype, 112 as reliquary, 114 audience, 12–13 , 155–64 as representation of power, 6 capacity for visitors, 151 restoration, 2 , 11 , 79 , 86–7 , 112 , 158 , 200 capitals role of metal, 74 lower chapel, 158 Sacra Capella as prototype, 134 chaplains, 151 Salle du Roi, 150 concealment of architectonic elements, 75 sculptural decoration decoration, 70 , 196–7 fi gural, 86 iconography and meaning of, 3 foliate, 86–92 as an expression of sacral kingship, 139–41 shift in royal representation, 67 exterior, 69 sources external elevation, 72 political content of, 145 feasts space, 75 Ash Wednesday, 156 stained glass, 139–41 , 159–60 Feast of Good Friday, 153 , 155 , 156 lower chapel, 158 Feast of Purifi cation, 156 tracery, 100–4 Feast of Saint Benedict, 152 trumeau, 85 Feast of Saint Laurence, 152 tympanum, 85 Feast of Saint Martin, 152 typological sources, 12 Feast of Saint Mary Magdalen, 152 upper chapel, 74 , 75 , 164 Feast of Saint Stephen, 152 altars, 164 Feast of the Crown of Thorns, 153 , 156 baldachin, 159 new liturgy for, 167 choir screen, 161 Feast of the Dedication, 152 , 153 , 155 dado, 102 Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross, 152 , medallions, 163 153 , 156 Grande Chasse, 159 Feast of the Reception of the Relics, 153 , 156 martyr iconography, 163 Maundy Thursday, 156 niches, 162 Palm Sunday, 156 Royal Window, 163 , 166 Quinquagesima, 165 sanctuary, 161 vigil of Pentecost, 156 stained glass, 159–60 fi nances, 153–4 tribune, 159 formal and ideological association with Saint-Germain en Laye, 41 , 82 , 131–5 , 138 Constantinople, 124 portal, 100 function as palatine chapel, 5 tracery, 100 Galerie du Roi, 150 Schenkluhn, Wolfgang, 192 geometry, 77–8 Schmidt, Hans-Joachim, 200 historiography, 2–3 Schwarzrheindorf as an index, 196 Saint Maria and Clement, 122 indulgences, 151–5 , 167 Senlis liturgy, 168 Saint-Frambourg, 100 location in the Palais de la Cité, 114 Silvestre, Israël, 187

Index 293

Soissons Cathedral, 34 , 142 Vézelay Stephen of Lexington, 33 Sainte-Marie-Madeleine Strasbourg Cathedral porch, 117 nave dado, 105 Villard d’Honnecourt, 62 Suckale, Robert, 110 Villeneuve-sur-Verberie Sundt, Richard, 176 , 192 portal, 100 symbolic power. See Bourdieu, Pierre Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène, 125 visual division of power, 10 , 63–4 , 195 Thérouanne, 28 Toulouse Weiss, Daniel, 117 , 124 , 207 Dominican church, 192 Westminster Abbey. See England Tournai Cathedral, 35 , 96 White Tower. See England tracery, 37–41 William of Auvergne, bishop of Paris, 169 , Très Riches Heures , 128 , 138 175 , 176 June, 148 William of Chartres, 166 Tronzo, William, 124 William of Flamenville, 20 Troyes, city of William of Nangis, 166 , 176 cathedral William of Paris, bishop, 152 tracery, 106 William of Saint-Amour, 176 verticality, 93 William of Saint-Pathus, 166 , 173 Saint-Urbain William of Saint-Thierry, 8 verticality, 94 William of Seignelay, bishop of Paris, 27 Use of Paris, 167 William the Breton, 28

Vacquer, Theodore, 128 Yves de Vergy, abbot of Cluny, 55