1 Article type: Research Article 2 3 4 Title: The expansion of intensive beef farming to the Brazilian Amazon 5 6 Authors: Petterson Valea,b, Holly Gibbsa,c, Ricardo Valea,b, Matthew Christiea, Eduardo Florenced, 7 Jacob Mungera, Derquiane Sabainie 8 9 Affiliations: 10 aCenter for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 11 1410 University Av., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 12 bDepartment of Economics, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 13 14040-905, Brazil 14 cDepartment of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 N. Park st., Madison, WI, 53706 15 dLaboratory of Soils, State University of Mato Grosso, Rod. MT 208, km 147, Alta Floresta, MT, 16 78580-000, Brazil 17 eFederal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Acre, Rua Coronel José Galdino, 495, 18 Rio Branco, AC, 69900-640, Brazil 19 20 Corresponding author: Petterson Vale 21 Address: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin- 22 Madison, 1410 University Av., Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 23 Telephone: +1 608 6207983 24 E-mail:
[email protected] 25 26 Keywords: feedlots, cattle, confinements, deforestation, intensification, productivity, Amazon, 27 Brazil 28 29 30 Acknowledgements 31 The authors are thankful to the informants and farmers who provided data for this research. Alcides Torres, 32 Ritaumaria Pereira, Paulo Barreto, Nathalie Walker, Francisco Beduschi, Raoni Rajão, Carlos Souza Jr., and 33 Kemel Kalif provided valuable feedback. Jens Engelman, Fanny Moffette, and Daniel Quinaud commented 34 on the manuscript. Scott Waldron, Jorge Funes, Shuo Li, Beichen Tian, Yu Wu, and Iliyas Nurseitov helped 35 with data sources.